Editorial. The IGS Cagliari Conference: “Gramsci in the World of Today”

This is the Abstract of the Editorial in English of the IGJ issue 16, winter 2022

Gramsci in Italia, studi e ricerche tra filologia e politica (2018-2021)

This is the Abstract of the Italian-language article by Guido Liguori on the present-day studies of Gramsci in Italy and Gramsci publications there after the 2017 round of conferences

La presenza di Gramsci nella prima e nella seconda serie di “Critica Marxista”

This is the Abstract of the description in Italian by Guido Liguori of the presence of articles regarding Gramsci in the Italian review “Critica marxista”

OS ROTEIROS DE GRAMSCI E OS DESAFIOS DO SÉCULO XXI

Assim como o título do nosso evento demonstra, este ano ocorre uma dupla comemoração: São celebrados os 80 anos de morte de Gramsci, mas também os cem anos da Revolução de Outubro, o grande evento que mudou a história do século XX. É preciso, portanto, que eu comece com esta dupla comemoração, também para buscar entender o que mudou nesses 100 anos e como Gramsci nos ajuda a compreender esta mudança e confrontá-la

Subalterno e subalterni nei “Quaderni del carcere”

Il presente contributo indaga la presenza della famiglia di lemmi subalterno/i nell’opera di Gramsci, con particolare riferimento alle opere del carcere. Il lemma, che deriva dal lessico militare, largamente diffuso nella riflessione politica e giornalistica italiana dopo la Prima guerra mondiale e che ha in Gramsci molte e notissime esemplificazioni, appare prima come aggettivo, divenendo in seguito sostantivo. Esso designa sia le classi più marginali, sia il blocco di forze raccolte intorno alla “classe fondamentale” rivoluzionaria, la classe operaia, che è in lotta per l’egemonia, almeno potenzialmente. Questa ambivalenza semantica non è priva di problemi, ma è probabilmente anche alla base della odierna fortuna del termine. In Gramsci inoltre il lemma (o la famiglia di lemmi) subisce ulteriori allargamenti di significato, passando a designare – col progredire della riflessione carceraria – non solo le classi o i gruppi sociali, ma anche gli individui e le caratteristiche del loro essere in relazione con gli altri. E comprendendo sempre più caratteristiche culturali e non solo sociali o socioculturali, quasi sempre con significato prettamente negativo a pronte del polo positivo “egemone/egemonico”. This contribution investigates the presence in Gramsci’s work of the family of terms relating to “subaltern”, with particular attention being paid to the prison writings. The term itself, of military origin, was widespread in political and journalistic reflections before the First World War; there are numerous very well-known examples of its use in Gramsci, first as an adjective, and then as a noun. It designates both the most marginal classes and the bloc of forces grouped around the “fundamental” revolutionary class, namely the working class, which at least potentially struggles for hegemony. The semantic ambivalence is not without its problems, but this probably lies at the base of the term’s current popularity. In Gramsci, moreover, the term (or family of terms) undergoes further expansions in meaning, passing on to designate – during his ongoing prison reflections – not only classes and social groups, but also individuals and the characteristics of their being in relation to others. And in including ever more cultural and not just social or socio-cultural characteristics, it almost always has a clearly negative meaning when compared with the positive “hegemonic” pol

Editoriale. Il Convegno cagliaritano dell\u27IGS: “Gramsci nel mondo di oggi”

This is an abstract of the Editorial of IGJ 16, Summer 2022

Practical recommendations for performing ultrasound scanning in the urological and andrological fields

Aim: US scanning has been defined as the urologist's stethoscope. These recommendations have been drawn up with the aim of ensuring minimum standards of excellence for ultrasound imaging in urological and andrological practice. A series of essential recommendations are made, to be followed during ultrasound investigations in kidney, prostate, bladder, scrotal and penile diseases. Methods: Members of the Imaging Working Group of the Italian Society of Urology (SIU) in collaboration with the Italian Society of Ultrasound in Urology, Andrology and Nephrology (SIEUN) identified expert Urologists, Andrologists, Nephrologists and Radiologists. The recommendations are based on review of the literature, previously published recommendations, books and the opinions of the experts. The final document was reviewed by national experts, including members of the Italian Society of Radiology. Results: Recommendations are listed in 5 chapters, focused on: kidney, bladder, prostate and seminal vesicles, scrotum and testis, penis, including penile echo-doppler. In each chapter clear definitions are made of: indications, technological standards of the devices, the method of performance of the investigation. The findings to be reported are described and discussed, and examples of final reports for each organ are included. In the tables, the ultrasound features of the principal male uro-genital diseases are summarized. Diagnostic accuracy and second level investigations are considered. Conclusions: Ultrasound is an integral part of the diagnosis and follow-up of diseases of the urinary system and male genitals in patients of all ages, in both the hospital and outpatient setting. These recommendations are dedicated to enhancing communication and evidence-based medicine in an inter- and multi-disciplinary approach. The ability to perform and interpret ultrasound imaging correctly has become an integral part of clinical practice in uro-andrology, but intra and inter-observer variability is a well known limitation. These recommendations will help to improve reliability and reproducibility in uro-andrological ultrasound scanning

Inflation and Dark Energy from spectroscopy at z > 2

The expansion of the Universe is understood to have accelerated during two epochs: in its very first moments during a period of Inflation and much more recently, at z < 1, when Dark Energy is hypothesized to drive cosmic acceleration. The undiscovered mechanisms behind these two epochs represent some of the most important open problems in fundamental physics. The large cosmological volume at 2 < z < 5, together with the ability to efficiently target high-$z$ galaxies with known techniques, enables large gains in the study of Inflation and Dark Energy. A future spectroscopic survey can test the Gaussianity of the initial conditions up to a factor of ~50 better than our current bounds, crossing the crucial theoretical threshold of $\sigma(f_{NL}^{\rm local})$ of order unity that separates single field and multi-field models. Simultaneously, it can measure the fraction of Dark Energy at the percent level up to $z = 5$, thus serving as an unprecedented test of the standard model and opening up a tremendous discovery space

Search for gravitational waves associated with the InterPlanetary Network short gamma ray bursts

We outline the scientific motivation behind a search for gravitational waves associated with short gamma ray bursts detected by the InterPlanetary Network (IPN) during LIGO's fifth science run and Virgo's first science run. The IPN localisation of short gamma ray bursts is limited to extended error boxes of different shapes and sizes and a search on these error boxes poses a series of challenges for data analysis. We will discuss these challenges and outline the methods to optimise the search over these error boxes.Comment: Methods paper; Proceedings for Eduardo Amaldi 9 Conference on Gravitational Waves, July 2011, Cardiff, U