White-collar crime and stock return: Empirical study from announcement effect

White-collar crime continues to hit the headlines across Malaysia and it remains a serious issue influencing organizations globally. A share price event study is thus conducted on a group of public listed companies in Malaysia to examine the announcement effect of white-collar crime. The period of the study is from 1996 to 2010, covering both the Asian Financial Crisis in 1997/98 and the sub-prime mortgage crisis in 2008/09. Results indicate the existence of significant negative abnormal share price reaction on 10 trading days subsequent to the day of announcement. It means that the stock market in Malaysia is not efficient. However, it implies that the market possesses the power to discipline unethical companies as the shareholders drive down their value by disposing their stocks following the announcement.Share Price, Event Study; White-Collar Crime

White-collar crime and stock return: Empirical study from announcement effect

White-collar crime continues to hit the headlines across Malaysia and it remains a serious issue influencing organizations globally. A share price event study is thus conducted on a group of public listed companies in Malaysia to examine the announcement effect of white-collar crime. The period of the study is from 1996 to 2010, covering both the Asian Financial Crisis in 1997/98 and the sub-prime mortgage crisis in 2008/09. Results indicate the existence of significant negative abnormal share price reaction on 10 trading days subsequent to the day of announcement. It means that the stock market in Malaysia is not efficient. However, it implies that the market possesses the power to discipline unethical companies as the shareholders drive down their value by disposing their stocks following the announcement

White-collar crime and stock return: Empirical study from announcement effect

White-collar crime continues to hit the headlines across Malaysia and it remains a serious issue influencing organizations globally. A share price event study is thus conducted on a group of public listed companies in Malaysia to examine the announcement effect of white-collar crime. The period of the study is from 1996 to 2010, covering both the Asian Financial Crisis in 1997/98 and the sub-prime mortgage crisis in 2008/09. Results indicate the existence of significant negative abnormal share price reaction on 10 trading days subsequent to the day of announcement. It means that the stock market in Malaysia is not efficient. However, it implies that the market possesses the power to discipline unethical companies as the shareholders drive down their value by disposing their stocks following the announcement

White-collar crime: a statistical study on its common causes

White-collar crime has always managed to find its way to corrode the values and ethics that people have in a society. A statistical study was carried out to identify some of the common causes of white-collar crime in Malaysia. To pursue this, survey questionnaires were distributed to both potential and existing investors to assess their view regarding the matter. The study found that, one of the leading causes of white-collar crime in Malaysia is due to the fact that there is a belief that competitors are paying bribes to win contracts, and hence others follow suit. On the other hand, most perpetrators commit white-collar crime because there are many opportune moments for them to do so. Companies should, therefore, gear toward good governance structure and internal controls so as not to give potential and existing perpetrators opportunity to engage in any misdeed

White-collar crime and stock nexus: empirical study from announcement effect

White-collar crime victimization has been found in many studies to be more serious than conventional crime. The financial loses incurred can never be quantified with certainty. Victims of the crime are often stigmatized for a long period of time. The existence of white-collar crime can cause much damage to the reputation of the companies in Malaysia and hurt the image of the country as a whole. Recent survey reports and statistics suggest that the number of crime is still growing and it cannot be left unchecked A share price event study confirms a negative announcement effect of white-collar crime in Malaysia. Negative abnormal performance is found after the day of announcement fOJ 10 continuous trading days. The stock market in Malaysia is thus concluded to be inefficient. Other findings concern the causes, indicators, discovery, and regulations of white-collar crime. Opportunistic causes are perceived to be the most common causes of the crime in Malaysia, whereas the most apparent indicators relate to the behavior of an individual. Internal controls are then found to be very important in detecting and preventing white-collar crime in a company. The research paper also finds education to be an effective element in regulating white-collar crime in Malaysia. The stock market, albeit not efficient, appears to have the power to discipline unethical companies when shareholders dispose their stocks. It is hoped that companies will be deterred from engaging in illegal conducts. The other findings aim to increase stakeholders' awareness towards the facts and implications of white-collar crime in Malaysia. It is imperative for every potential and existing investor to have some basic understanding of white-coUar crime before they are able to fight the crime in Malaysia

White-Collar Crime and Stock Return: Empirical Study from Announcement Effect

White-collar crime continues to hit the headlines across Malaysia and it remains a serious issue influencing organizations globally. A share price event study is thus conducted on a group of public listed companies in Malaysia to examine the announcement effect of white-collar crime. The period of the study is from 1996 to 2010, covering both the Asian Financial Crisis in 1997/98 and the sub-prime mortgage crisis in 2008/09. Results indicate the existence of significant negative abnormal share price reaction on 10 trading days subsequent to the day of announcement. It means that the stock market in Malaysia is not efficient. However, it implies that the market possesses the power to discipline unethical companies as the shareholders drive down their value by disposing their stocks following the announcement

White Collar Crime and Stock Return Empirical Study from Announcement Effect

White-collar crime continues to hit the headlines across Malaysia and it remains a serious issue influencing organizations globally. A share price event study is thus conducted on a group of public listed companies in Malaysia to examine the announcement effect of white-collar crime. The period of the study is from 1996 to 2010, covering both the Asian Financial Crisis in 1997/98 and the sub-prime mortgage crisis in 2008/09. Results indicate the existence of significant negative abnormal share price reaction on 10 trading days subsequent to the day of announcement. It means that the stock market in Malaysia is not efficient. However, it implies that the market possesses the power to discipline unethical companies as the shareholders drive down their value by disposing their stocks following the announcement

Prospective observational cohort study on grading the severity of postoperative complications in global surgery research

Background The Clavien–Dindo classification is perhaps the most widely used approach for reporting postoperative complications in clinical trials. This system classifies complication severity by the treatment provided. However, it is unclear whether the Clavien–Dindo system can be used internationally in studies across differing healthcare systems in high- (HICs) and low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Methods This was a secondary analysis of the International Surgical Outcomes Study (ISOS), a prospective observational cohort study of elective surgery in adults. Data collection occurred over a 7-day period. Severity of complications was graded using Clavien–Dindo and the simpler ISOS grading (mild, moderate or severe, based on guided investigator judgement). Severity grading was compared using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Data are presented as frequencies and ICC values (with 95 per cent c.i.). The analysis was stratified by income status of the country, comparing HICs with LMICs. Results A total of 44 814 patients were recruited from 474 hospitals in 27 countries (19 HICs and 8 LMICs). Some 7508 patients (16·8 per cent) experienced at least one postoperative complication, equivalent to 11 664 complications in total. Using the ISOS classification, 5504 of 11 664 complications (47·2 per cent) were graded as mild, 4244 (36·4 per cent) as moderate and 1916 (16·4 per cent) as severe. Using Clavien–Dindo, 6781 of 11 664 complications (58·1 per cent) were graded as I or II, 1740 (14·9 per cent) as III, 2408 (20·6 per cent) as IV and 735 (6·3 per cent) as V. Agreement between classification systems was poor overall (ICC 0·41, 95 per cent c.i. 0·20 to 0·55), and in LMICs (ICC 0·23, 0·05 to 0·38) and HICs (ICC 0·46, 0·25 to 0·59). Conclusion Caution is recommended when using a treatment approach to grade complications in global surgery studies, as this may introduce bias unintentionally

The surgical safety checklist and patient outcomes after surgery: a prospective observational cohort study, systematic review and meta-analysis

© 2017 British Journal of Anaesthesia Background: The surgical safety checklist is widely used to improve the quality of perioperative care. However, clinicians continue to debate the clinical effectiveness of this tool. Methods: Prospective analysis of data from the International Surgical Outcomes Study (ISOS), an international observational study of elective in-patient surgery, accompanied by a systematic review and meta-analysis of published literature. The exposure was surgical safety checklist use. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality and the secondary outcome was postoperative complications. In the ISOS cohort, a multivariable multi-level generalized linear model was used to test associations. To further contextualise these findings, we included the results from the ISOS cohort in a meta-analysis. Results are reported as odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals. Results: We included 44 814 patients from 497 hospitals in 27 countries in the ISOS analysis. There were 40 245 (89.8%) patients exposed to the checklist, whilst 7508 (16.8%) sustained ≥1 postoperative complications and 207 (0.5%) died before hospital discharge. Checklist exposure was associated with reduced mortality [odds ratio (OR) 0.49 (0.32–0.77); P\u3c0.01], but no difference in complication rates [OR 1.02 (0.88–1.19); P=0.75]. In a systematic review, we screened 3732 records and identified 11 eligible studies of 453 292 patients including the ISOS cohort. Checklist exposure was associated with both reduced postoperative mortality [OR 0.75 (0.62–0.92); P\u3c0.01; I2=87%] and reduced complication rates [OR 0.73 (0.61–0.88); P\u3c0.01; I2=89%). Conclusions: Patients exposed to a surgical safety checklist experience better postoperative outcomes, but this could simply reflect wider quality of care in hospitals where checklist use is routine

Critical care admission following elective surgery was not associated with survival benefit: prospective analysis of data from 27 countries

This was an investigator initiated study funded by Nestle Health Sciences through an unrestricted research grant, and by a National Institute for Health Research (UK) Professorship held by RP. The study was sponsored by Queen Mary University of London