23 research outputs found
Viking Lander Atlas of Mars
Half size reproductions are presented of the extensive set of systematic map products generated for the two Mars Viking landing sites from stereo pairs of images radioed back to Earth. The maps span from the immediate foreground to the remote limits of ranging capability, several hundred meters from the spacecraft. The maps are of two kinds - elevation contour and vertical profile. Background and explanatory material important for understanding and utilizing the map collection included covers the Viking Mission, lander locations, lander cameras, the stereo mapping system and input images to this system
Strong gravitational lensing across dilaton anti-de Sitter black hole
In this work we investigate gravitational lensing effect in strong field
region around a dilaton black holes in an anti de Sitter (ADS) space. We also
analyse the dependence of the radius of the photon sphere and deflection angle
on dilaton coupling and cosmological constant in this black hole space time.
Finally the values of minimum impact parameter, the separation between the
first and the other images as well as the ratio between the flux of the first
image and the flux coming from all the other images are determined to
characterize some possible distinct signatures of such black holes.Comment: 8 pages and 3 figures. Accepted in Physical Review
Schwarzschild black hole lensing
We study strong gravitational lensing due to a Schwarzschild black hole.
Apart from the primary and the secondary images we find a sequence of images on
both sides of the optic axis; we call them {\em relativistic images}. These
images are formed due to large bending of light near r = 3M (the closest
distance of approach r_o is greater than 3M). The sources of the entire
universe are mapped in the vicinity of the black hole by these images. For the
case of the Galactic supermassive ``black hole'' they are formed at about 17
microarcseconds from the optic axis. The relativistic images are not resolved
among themselves, but they are resolved from the primary and secondary images.
However the relativistic images are very much demagnified unless the observer,
lens and source are very highly aligned. Due to this and some other
difficulties the observation of these images does not seem to be feasible in
near future. However, it would be a great success of the general theory of
relativity in a strong gravitational field if they ever were observed and it
would also give an upper bound, r_o = 3.21 M, to the compactness of the lens,
which would support the black hole interpretation of the lensing object.Comment: RevTex, 5 eps files are included, observational difficulties are
discussed and there are some changes in presentatio
Gravitational Lensing in Astronomy
Deflection of light by gravity was predicted by General Relativity and
observationaly confirmed in 1919. In the following decades various aspects of
the gravitational lens effect were explored theoretically, among them the
possibility of multiple or ring-like images of background sources, the use of
lensing as a gravitational telescope on very faint and distant objects, and the
possibility to determine Hubble's constant with lensing. Only relatively
recently gravitational lensing became an observational science after the
discovery of the first doubly imaged quasar in 1979. Today lensing is a booming
part of astrophysics.
In addition to multiply-imaged quasars, a number of other aspects of lensing
have been discovered since, e.g. giant luminous arcs, quasar microlensing,
Einstein rings, galactic microlensing events, arclets, or weak gravitational
lensing. By now literally hundreds of individual gravitational lens phenomena
are known.
Although still in its childhood, lensing has established itself as a very
useful astrophysical tool with some remarkable successes. It has contributed
significant new results in areas as different as the cosmological distance
scale, the large scale matter distribution in the universe, mass and mass
distribution of galaxy clusters, physics of quasars, dark matter in galaxy
halos, or galaxy structure.Comment: Review article for "Living Reviews in Relativity", see
http://www.livingreviews.org . 41 pages, latex, 22 figures (partly in GIF
format due to size constraints). High quality postscript files can be
obtained electronically at http://www.aip.de:8080/~jkw/review_figures.htm
Strong gravitational lensing by a charged Kiselev black hole
We study the gravitational lensing scenario where the lens is a spherically symmetric charged black hole (BH) surrounded by quintessence matter. The null geodesic equations in the curved background of the black hole are derived. The resulting trajectory equation is solved analytically via perturbation and series methods for a special choice of parameters, and the distance of the closest approach to black hole is calculated. We also derive the lens equation giving the bending angle of light in the curved background. In the strong field approximation, the solution of the lens equation is also obtained for all values of the quintessence parameter w(q). For all w(q), we show that there are no stable closed null orbits and that corrections to the deflection angle for the Reissner-Nordstrom black hole when the observer and the source are at large, but finite, distances from the lens do not depend on the charge up to the inverse of the distances squared. A part of the present work, analyzed, however, with a different approach, is the extension of Younas et al. (Phys Rev D 92:084042, 2015) where the uncharged case has been treated