4,837 research outputs found
Oseledets' Splitting of Standard-like Maps
For the class of differentiable maps of the plane and, in particular, for
standard-like maps (McMillan form), a simple relation is shown between the
directions of the local invariant manifolds of a generic point and its
contribution to the finite-time Lyapunov exponents (FTLE) of the associated
orbit. By computing also the point-wise curvature of the manifolds, we produce
a comparative study between local Lyapunov exponent, manifold's curvature and
splitting angle between stable/unstable manifolds. Interestingly, the analysis
of the Chirikov-Taylor standard map suggests that the positive contributions to
the FTLE average mostly come from points of the orbit where the structure of
the manifolds is locally hyperbolic: where the manifolds are flat and
transversal, the one-step exponent is predominantly positive and large; this
behaviour is intended in a purely statistical sense, since it exhibits large
deviations. Such phenomenon can be understood by analytic arguments which, as a
by-product, also suggest an explicit way to point-wise approximate the
splitting.Comment: 17 pages, 11 figure
Instability of ion kinetic waves in a weakly ionized plasma
The fundamental higher-order Landau plasma modes are known to be generally
heavily damped. We show that these modes for the ion component in a weakly
ionized plasma can be substantially modified by ion-neutral collisions and a dc
electric field driving ion flow so that some of them can become unstable. This
instability is expected to naturally occur in presheaths of gas discharges at
sufficiently small pressures and thus affect sheaths and discharge structures.Comment: Published in Phys. Rev. E, see
http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevE.85.02641
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Forgiveness takes place on an attitudinal continuum from hostility to friendliness: Toward a closer union of forgiveness theory and measurement.
Researchers commonly conceptualize forgiveness as a rich complex of psychological changes involving attitudes, emotions, and behaviors. Psychometric work with the measures developed to capture this conceptual richness, however, often points to a simpler picture of the psychological dimensions in which forgiveness takes place. In an effort to better unite forgiveness theory and measurement, we evaluate several psychometric models for common measures of forgiveness. In doing so, we study people from the United States and Japan to understand forgiveness in both nonclose and close relationships. In addition, we assess the predictive utility of these models for several behavioral outcomes that traditionally have been linked to forgiveness motives. Finally, we use the methods of item response theory, which place person abilities and item responses on the same metric and, thus, help us draw psychological inferences from the ordering of item difficulties. Our results highlight models based on correlated factors models and bifactor (S-1) models. The bifactor (S-1) model evinced particular utility: Its general factor consistently predicts variation in relevant criterion measures, including 4 different experimental economic games (when played with a transgressor), and also suffuses a second self-report measure of forgiveness. Moreover, the general factor of the bifactor (S-1) model identifies a single psychological dimension that runs from hostility to friendliness while also pointing to other sources of variance that may be conceived of as method factors. Taken together, these results suggest that forgiveness can be usefully conceptualized as prosocial change along a single attitudinal continuum that ranges from hostility to friendliness. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)
Non-Native Structural Properties of the Glaucoma-Associated Olfactomedin Domain of Myocilin Lead to Amyloid Fibrils
The relationship between cognitive maturity and information about health problems among school age children
This study of urban, multi-ethnic children was undertaken to explore the relationships between age, cognitive developmental capability (termed ‘cognitive maturity’) and accuracy of information about health problems. A total of 299 children in the first, second and third grades from six public and one private school hi New York City were individually interviewed using an open-ended set of questions. Findings indicated that having accurate health information is not the same as comprehending the abstract internal nature of the ‘facts’. Results supported Piaget\u27s levels of cognitive development applied to the area of health. Findings also showed that age is a better predictor of children\u27s accuracy about health information than their cognitive maturity. The findings underscore the need for those providing health education to place emphasis on the cognitive abilities of children and not to mistake recitation of factual information for understanding of conceptual elements of a health problem
On the influence of noise on chaos in nearly Hamiltonian systems
The simultaneous influence of small damping and white noise on Hamiltonian
systems with chaotic motion is studied on the model of periodically kicked
rotor. In the region of parameters where damping alone turns the motion into
regular, the level of noise that can restore the chaos is studied. This
restoration is created by two mechanisms: by fluctuation induced transfer of
the phase trajectory to domains of local instability, that can be described by
the averaging of the local instability index, and by destabilization of motion
within the islands of stability by fluctuation induced parametric modulation of
the stability matrix, that can be described by the methods developed in the
theory of Anderson localization in one-dimensional systems.Comment: 10 pages REVTEX, 9 figures EP
Eculizumab is a safe and effective treatment in pediatric patients with atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome
Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) is caused by alternative complement pathway dysregulation, leading to systemic thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) and severe end-organ damage. Based on 2 prospective studies in mostly adults and retrospective data in children, eculizumab, a terminal complement inhibitor, is approved for aHUS treatment. Here we prospectively evaluated efficacy and safety of weight-based dosing of eculizumab in eligible pediatric patients with aHUS in an open-label phase II study. The primary end point was complete TMA response by 26 weeks. Twenty-two patients (aged 5 months-17 years) were treated; 16 were newly diagnosed, 12 had no prior plasma exchange/infusion during current TMA symptomatology, 11 received baseline dialysis, and 2 had prior renal transplants. By week 26, 14 achieved a complete TMA response, 18 achieved hematologic normalization, and 16 had 25% or better improvement in serum creatinine. Plasma exchange/infusion was discontinued in all, and 9 of the 11 patients who required dialysis at baseline discontinued, whereas none initiated new dialysis. Eculizumab was well tolerated; no deaths or meningococcal infections occurred. Bone marrow failure, wrist fracture, and acute respiratory failure were reported as unrelated severe adverse events. Thus, our findings establish the efficacy and safety of eculizumab for pediatric patients with aHUS and are consistent with proposed immediate eculizumab initiation following diagnosis in children
Eculizumab inhibits thrombotic microangiopathy and improves renal function in pediatric patients with atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome
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