Pyridoxine analysis by high performance liquid chromatography and validation in fortified milk powder

Vitamin B6 analysis by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography and its validation in milk powder prompted this study. The calibration curves for pyridoxal, pyridoxamine and pyridoxine were evaluated and method precision and accuracy assessed. It was found that the working range was adequate for all the analytes. The analytical procedure was verified by testing the enzymatic efficiency, precision and accuracy. In milk powder samples pyridoxine was the only vitamer found in quantities above the considered limit of quantification and the accuracy showed Z-scores lower than 2. Uncertainty estimation based on method validation results was 0.066 mg/100g, for a vitamin B6 content of 0.61 mg/100 g. It was concluded that the method is adequate for vitamin B6 quantification in powder milk

Characterising the agriculture 4.0 landscape - Emerging trends, challenges and opportunities

ReviewInvestment in technological research is imperative to stimulate the development of sustainable solutions for the agricultural sector. Advances in Internet of Things, sensors and sensor networks, robotics, artificial intelligence, big data, cloud computing, etc. foster the transition towards the Agriculture 4.0 era. This fourth revolution is currently seen as a possible solution for improving agricultural growth, ensuring the future needs of the global population in a fair, resilient and sustainable way. In this context, this article aims at characterising the current Agriculture 4.0 landscape. Emerging trends were compiled using a semi-automated process by analysing relevant scientific publications published in the past ten years. Subsequently, a literature review focusing these trends was conducted, with a particular emphasis on their applications in real environments. From the results of the study, some challenges are discussed, as well as opportunities for future research. Finally, a high-level cloud-based IoT architecture is presented, serving as foundation for designing future smart agricultural systems. It is expected that this work will positively impact the research around Agriculture 4.0 systems, providing a clear characterisation of the concept along with guidelines to assist the actors in a successful transition towards the digitalisation of the sectorinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

ЕФЕКТИ НА ИЗЛИШЪКА НА Cu ВЪРХУ РАСТЕЖА И ФОТОСИНТЕЗАТА НА ЕЧЕМИЧНИ РАСТЕНИЯ. ВРЪЗКА СЪС СКРИНИНГ ТЕСТ ЗА ТОЛЕРАНТНОСТ КЪМ Cu

Twenty-day-old barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Ribeka) plants grown as sand culture were exposed to Cu treatment (0, 10, 15 and 20 mg Cu kg-1 sand) for ten days. The effects of excess Cu on both growth and photosynthetic performance were studied in order to identify the most sensitive probes implicating a further development of screening test for Cu tolerance within barley genotypes. The results obtained indicated that stomata conductance and photosynthetic electron transport linked to PSII+OEC exhibited the highest sensitivity to excess Cu, followed by plant dry weigh accumulation, leaf area formation, net photosynthetic rate, photosynthetic electron transport linked to PSI and PSII-OEC. It was concluded that leaf gas exchange parameters, plant dry weight accumulation and leaf area formation present an effective plant test system for screening for barley genotypes with higher Cu tolerance.Двадесетдневни ечемични (Hordeum vulgare L. сорт Ribeka ) растения, отглеждани като пясъчна култура, са подложени на третиране с Cu (0, 10, 15 and 20 mg Cu kg-1 пясък) в продължение на 10 дни. Проучени са ефектите на излишъка на Cu върху растежа и фотосинтетичната активност на растенията с цел да се определят най-чувствителните индикатори във връзка с понататъшното разработване на тест за скрининг на толерантни към Cu ечемични генотипове. Получените резултати показват, че с най-висока чувствителност към Cu са устичната проводимост, фотосинтетичния електронен транспорт свързан с PSII+OEC, следвани от натрупването на суха маса в растенията, формирането на листната площ, нето скоростта на фотосинтезата, фотосинтетичния електронен транспорт свързан с PSI и PSIIOEC. Заключава се, че листният газообмен, натрупването на суха маса и формирането на листна площ представляват ефективна растителна система за скрининг за ечемични генотипове с по-висока толерантност към Cu

ЕФЕКТИ НА ИЗЛИШЪКА НА Cu ВЪРХУ РАСТЕЖА И ФОТОСИНТЕЗАТА НА ЕЧЕМИЧНИ РАСТЕНИЯ. ВРЪЗКА СЪС СКРИНИНГ ТЕСТ ЗА ТОЛЕРАНТНОСТ КЪМ Cu

Twenty-day-old barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Ribeka) plants grown as sand culture were exposed to Cu treatment (0, 10, 15 and 20 mg Cu kg-1 sand) for ten days. The effects of excess Cu on both growth and photosynthetic performance were studied in order to identify the most sensitive probes implicating a further development of screening test for Cu tolerance within barley genotypes. The results obtained indicated that stomata conductance and photosynthetic electron transport linked to PSII+OEC exhibited the highest sensitivity to excess Cu, followed by plant dry weigh accumulation, leaf area formation, net photosynthetic rate, photosynthetic electron transport linked to PSI and PSII-OEC. It was concluded that leaf gas exchange parameters, plant dry weight accumulation and leaf area formation present an effective plant test system for screening for barley genotypes with higher Cu tolerance.Двадесетдневни ечемични (Hordeum vulgare L. сорт Ribeka ) растения, отглеждани като пясъчна култура, са подложени на третиране с Cu (0, 10, 15 and 20 mg Cu kg-1 пясък) в продължение на 10 дни. Проучени са ефектите на излишъка на Cu върху растежа и фотосинтетичната активност на растенията с цел да се определят най-чувствителните индикатори във връзка с понататъшното разработване на тест за скрининг на толерантни към Cu ечемични генотипове. Получените резултати показват, че с най-висока чувствителност към Cu са устичната проводимост, фотосинтетичния електронен транспорт свързан с PSII+OEC, следвани от натрупването на суха маса в растенията, формирането на листната площ, нето скоростта на фотосинтезата, фотосинтетичния електронен транспорт свързан с PSI и PSIIOEC. Заключава се, че листният газообмен, натрупването на суха маса и формирането на листна площ представляват ефективна растителна система за скрининг за ечемични генотипове с по-висока толерантност към Cu

Elemental Composition of Commercial Herbal Tea Plants and Respective Infusions

Funding Information: Funding: This work received funding support from national funds from Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, I.P. (FCT), Portugal, through the research units UIDB/04035/2020 (GeoBioTec) and UIDB/00239/2020 (CEF). Publisher Copyright: © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.This study evaluated the elemental composition of 25 herbal tea plants commonly used in infusions by Portuguese consumers and the contribution to the elemental daily intake of some essential elements. Hydrocotyle asiatica (L.), Matricaria chamomilla (L.), and Melissa officinalis (L.) samples are a rich source of K with around 6.0 mg g−1 while the Asteraceae Silybum marianum (L.) and Echinacea angustifolia (DC.) exhibited 4.9 and 5.6 mg g−1 Ca, respectively. The highest concentrations of S and Zn were noted in Hydrocotyle asiatica (L.), while the highest concentration of Sr was found in Cassia angustifolia (Vahl.). In general, a large variability in the concentrations among different families and plant organs had been observed, except Cu with levels around 30 µg g−1. The principal component analysis (PCA) showed positive correlations between Zn and S and Sr and Ca, also revealing that Hydrocotyle asiatica (L.), Echinacea angustifolia (DC.), Silybum marianum (L.), and Cassia angustifolia (Vahl.) samples, stands out about all other samples regarding the enrichment of macro and micronutrients. The elemental solubility of macronutrients in the infusion is greater than the micronutrient solubility, despite the contribution to the recommended daily intake was weak. As a whole, Cynara scolymus (L.) and Hibiscus sabdariffa (L.) are the species with the best elemental solubilities, followed by Hydrocotyle asiatica (L.). No harmful elements, such as As and Pb, were observed in both the raw material and the infusions.publishersversionpublishe

Elemental Composition of Commercial Herbal Tea Plants and Respective Infusions

This study evaluated the elemental composition of 25 herbal tea plants commonly used in infusions by Portuguese consumers and the contribution to the elemental daily intake of some essential elements. Hydrocotyle asiatica (L.), Matricaria chamomilla (L.), and Melissa officinalis (L.) samples are a rich source of K with around 6.0 mg g-1 while the Asteraceae Silybum marianum (L.) and Echinacea angustifolia (DC.) exhibited 4.9 and 5.6 mg g-1 Ca, respectively. The highest concentrations of S and Zn were noted in Hydrocotyle asiatica (L.), while the highest concentration of Sr was found in Cassia angustifolia (Vahl.). In general, a large variability in the concentrations among different families and plant organs had been observed, except Cu with levels around 30 g g-1. The principal component analysis (PCA) showed positive correlations between Zn and S and Sr and Ca, also revealing that Hydrocotyle asiatica (L.), Echinacea angustifolia (DC.), Silybum marianum (L.), and Cassia angustifolia (Vahl.) samples, stands out about all other samples regarding the enrichment of macro and micronutrients. The elemental solubility of macronutrients in the infusion is greater than the micronutrient solubility, despite the contribution to the recommended daily intake was weak. As a whole, Cynara scolymus (L.) and Hibiscus sabdariffa (L.) are the species with the best elemental solubilities, followed by Hydrocotyle asiatica (L.). No harmful elements, such as As and Pb, were observed in both the raw material and the infusionsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

A Transcriptomic Approach to Understanding the Combined Impacts of Supra-Optimal Temperatures and CO2 Revealed Different Responses in the Polyploid Coffea arabica and Its Diploid Progenitor C. canephora

Understanding the effect of extreme temperatures and elevated air (CO2) is crucial for mitigating the impacts of the coffee industry. In this work, leaf transcriptomic changes were evaluated in the diploid C. canephora and its polyploid C. arabica, grown at 25 C and at two supra-optimal temperatures (37 C, 42 C), under ambient (aCO2) or elevated air CO2 (eCO2). Both species expressed fewer genes as temperature rose, although a high number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were observed, especially at 42 C. An enrichment analysis revealed that the two species reacted differently to the high temperatures but with an overall up-regulation of the photosynthetic machinery until 37 C. Although eCO2 helped to release stress, 42 C had a severe impact on both species. A total of 667 photosynthetic and biochemical related-DEGs were altered with high temperatures and eCO2, which may be used as key probe genes in future studies. This was mostly felt in C. arabica, where genes related to ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase (RuBisCO) activity, chlorophyll a-b binding, and the reaction centres of photosystems I and II were down-regulated, especially under 42 C, regardless of CO2. Transcriptomic changes showed that both species were strongly affected by the highest temperature, although they can endure higher temperatures (37 C) than previously assumed.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio