119 research outputs found
LijeÄenje mladih žena s ranim stadijem raka dojke - važnost oÄuvanja plodnosti
Management of young women with breast cancer is complex and has several particularities, one of which is fertility preservation, a very important quality of life issue for young breast cancer survivors. Chemotherapy can be gonadotoxic and significantly reduce woman`s reproductive potential and cause premature ovarian insufficiency while endocrine therapy requires a delay of pregnancy and indirectly affects fertility. Therefore every woman of reproductive age diagnosed with breast cancer should be informed about potential gonadotoxic effect of cancer treatment, the risk of premature ovarian insufficiency and associated symptoms, available fertility preservation methods, delay of cancer treatment and chances of subsequent pregnancy. If interested in fertility preservation breast cancer patients should be referred as early as possible to a reproductive specialist to further discuss the risk of infertility and available fertility preservation options. Currently established methods for fertility preservation are embryo and oocyte cryopreservation, while ovarian tissue cryopreservation, cryopreservation of immature oocytes and ovarian suppression with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists are still considered experimental.
The aim of this review is to highlight the importance of fertility preservation as an important quality of life issue for young breast cancer survivors.LijeÄenje mladih žena s rakom dojke je složeno i ima nekoliko posebnosti, jedna od kojih je oÄuvanje plodnosti, vrlo bitan Äimbenik kvalitete života mladih žena koje su preboljele rak dojke. Kemoterapija može Å”tetno utjecati na jajnike i znaÄajno smanjiti reprodukcijski potencijal žene i uzrokovati prijevremenu ovarijsku insuficijenciju, dok endokrina terapija zahtijeva odgodu trudnoÄe i tako posredno utjeÄe na plodnost. Stoga bi svaka žena, kojoj je rak dojke dijagnosticiran u reprodukcijskoj dobi, trebala biti informirana o moguÄem gonadotoksiÄnom uÄinku antineoplastiÄke terapije, riziku prijevremene
ovarijske insuficijencije i povezanim simptomima, dostupnim metodama oÄuvanja plodnosti, odgodi sustavne antineoplastiÄke terapije, kao i o moguÄnostima ostvarenja trudnoÄe nakon provedenog lijeÄenja. Ukoliko je bolesnica s rakom dojke zainteresirana za oÄuvanje plodnosti, treba je Å”to ranije uputiti subspecijalistu humane reprodukcije, koji Äe joj dodatno objasniti rizike za neplodnost i dostupne metode oÄuvanja plodnosti. Krioprezervacija embrija i oocita su trenutno jedine etablirane metode oÄuvanja plodnosti, dok se krioprezervacija tkiva jajnika, krioprezervacija nezrelih oocita i ovarijska supresija joÅ” uvijek smatraju eksperimentalnima.
Cilj ovoga preglednog rada je istaknuti važnost oÄuvanja plodnosti kao bitnog Äimbenika kvalitete života mladih žena koje su preboljele rak dojke
Giant Aneurysm of Basilar Artery
In the article we showed the patient, a woman with unruptured giant aneurysm of basilar artery, we showed the done
examinations, and therapy dilemmas about what to do in the given case. We found in literature a number of examples
which suggest operation treatment, but of embolisation too, some suggest conservative treatment
Head Trauma and Posttraumatic Epilepsy in Slavonski Brod, East Croatia, 1988-2008
Posttraumatic epilepsy is result of head trauma. The aim of our research was to establish how many patients after head trauma developed posttraumatic epilepsy (PTE). Retrospectively we analyzed 50 patients with head trauma different severity in period from 1989. to 2008., which we werified radiological, electroenfephalographic, and psychical changes were established according pto psychiatric examination. From 50 patient with head trauma, 40 developed seizures (3 in the firs 24 hours and 6 after first 24 hours to the end of first week, 31 after first week). By introducing antiepileptic therapy (AETh), 30 patients were seizure free, 10 patients had 1-2 epileptic seizure monthly (EPA/CPA), 10 patients got prophylactic AETh in period 6-12 months. 14 patients developed psychical changes which were verified by psychiatrist. The experience and literature show that posttraumatic epilepsy is good for treating with 1 or 2 antiepileptic, and remission is more difficult in case psychiatric comorbidity
PotroŔnja antibiotika u bolnicama i stopa otpornosti bakterija Klebsiella pneumoniae i Escherichia coli u Crnoj Gori
Inappropriate use of antibiotics leads to an increase in antibiotic resistance. Infections caused by antibiotic-resistant gram-negative bacteria are a serious threat to public health. This study aimed to compare data on inpatient antibiotic consumption with antimicrobial resistance (AMR) rate of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli invasive strains in Montenegro and provide targets for improving antibiotic use. We used the national data on antibiotic consumption from 2009 to 2015, Point Prevalence Survey data on inpatient antibiotic consumption from 2015, and national AMR data on 79 Klebsiella pneumoniae and 68 Escherichia coli isolates collected from 8 hospitals from 2016 to 2018. The most commonly used antibiotics were third-generation cephalosporins with a median annual consumption of 0.66 DDD/1000/day. Ceftriaxone was the most frequently prescribed antibiotic in the treatment of community/hospital acquired infections and surgical/medical prophylaxis. The highest resistance rates were recorded for Klebsiella pneumoniae to ceftriaxone, ceftazidime and gentamicin (93.59%, 90.79% and 89.87%, respectively), and Escherichia coli to aminopenicillins, ceftriaxone and ceftazidime (89.06%, 70.15% and 61.54%, respectively). High consumption of broadspectrum antibiotics in Montenegro is accompanied by the high rate of resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli to these agents. Antibiotic misuse demands the introduction of an antimicrobial
stewardship program in Montenegrin hospitals.NeodgovarajuÄa upotreba antibiotika dovodi do poveÄanja otpornosti na antibiotike. Infekcije uzrokovane gram-negativnim bakterijama otpornima na antibiotike ozbiljna su prijetnja javnom zdravlju. Ovo istraživanje imalo je za cilj usporediti podatke o potroÅ”nji antibiotika u bolnicama sa stopom antimikrobne rezistentnosti (AMR) invazivnih sojeva Klebsiella pneumoniae i Escherichia coli u Crnoj Gori i osigurati ciljeve za poboljÅ”anje upotrebe antibiotika. Rabili smo nacionalne podatke o potroÅ”nji antibiotika od 2009. do 2015. godine, podatke iz studije presjeka o potroÅ”nji antibiotika u bolnicama u 2015. godini i nacionalne podatke AMR za 79 izolata Klebsiella pneumoniae i 68 izolata Escherichia coli prikupljena iz 8 bolnica od 2016. do 2018. godine. NajÄeÅ”Äe primijenjeni antibiotici bili su cefalosporini treÄe generacije s medijanom godiÅ”nje potroÅ”nje od 0,66 DDD/1000/dan. Ceftriakson je najÄeÅ”Äe propisivani antibiotik u lijeÄenju izvanbolniÄkih i bolniÄkih infekcija te u kirurÅ”koj/medicinskoj profilaksi. Stopa otpornosti Klebsiella pneumoniae bila je najviÅ”a na ceftriakson, ceftazidim i gentamicin (93,59%, 90,79% odnosno 89,87%), a Escherichia coli na aminopeniciline, ceftriakson i ceftazidim (89,06%, 70,15% odnosno 61,54%). Visoka potroÅ”nja antibiotika Å”irokog spektra u Crnoj Gori praÄena je visokom stopom otpornosti Klebsiella pneumoniae i Escherichia coli na njih. Zlouporaba antibiotika zahtijeva uvoÄenje programa antimikrobnog upravljanja u crnogorskim bolnicama
Head Trauma and Posttraumatic Epilepsy in Slavonski Brod, East Croatia, 1988-2008
Posttraumatic epilepsy is result of head trauma. The aim of our research was to establish how many patients after head trauma developed posttraumatic epilepsy (PTE). Retrospectively we analyzed 50 patients with head trauma different severity in period from 1989. to 2008., which we werified radiological, electroenfephalographic, and psychical changes were established according pto psychiatric examination. From 50 patient with head trauma, 40 developed seizures (3 in the firs 24 hours and 6 after first 24 hours to the end of first week, 31 after first week). By introducing antiepileptic therapy (AETh), 30 patients were seizure free, 10 patients had 1-2 epileptic seizure monthly (EPA/CPA), 10 patients got prophylactic AETh in period 6-12 months. 14 patients developed psychical changes which were verified by psychiatrist. The experience and literature show that posttraumatic epilepsy is good for treating with 1 or 2 antiepileptic, and remission is more difficult in case psychiatric comorbidity
One-pot synthesis of biocompatible NaYF4:Yb,Er nanoparticles for cell labeling
In modern medical research, great attention has been focused to the development of the new biomarkers which include up-converting nanoparticles (UCNPs). Their optical response is triggered by NIR radiation that achieves deeper tissue penetration when compared with traditionally used fluorophores. In this work, biocompatible NaYF4: Yb, Er nanoparticles were synthesized by polymer assisted one-pot solvothermal processing using chitosan or poly(lacticco- glycolic acid). X-ray powder diffraction and electron microscopy results revealed differences in crystal arrangement and morphology of the as-synthesized particles. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the presence of corresponding polymers moiety on UCNPs surface providing their biocompatibility and low cytotoxicity towards human gingival fibroblasts (HFG). As a consequence of efficient up-conversion, prominent green emission (between 512-533nm and between 533-560nm) as well as red emission (630-690nm) were recorded in the particles photoluminescence spectra, and these are applied further in the visualization of the HFG using the laser scanning microscopy with a NIR laser source
Ispitivanje kvaliteta kafe razliÄitim metodama
The results obtained by the analysis of the samples of coffee mostly consumed on our market showed that the coffee quality corresponds to the values as given in the Law of Health Food. It was not found that any of the parameters which determine food quality exceeded permitted values. Content of heavy metals and aflatoxines is below permitted values. The least content of caffeine was determined in a coffee sample roasted in the private roasterās shop, and only in it the presence of coffee surrogates/substitutes was not proved. The obtained results of the coffee analysis showed that the coffees of most popular producers are very equal, and results of caffeine analysis are even more equal. This indicates the most probable fact that coffee is of the same origin, and that later, on during production, a different mixture was made, which affects the final product and gives aroma and taste to the liquid.Dobijeni rezultati ispitivanja kvaliteta kafa koje se najÄeÅ”Äe konzumiraju na naÅ”em tržiÅ”tu pokazali su da kvalitet kafe odgovara vrednostima koje su preporuÄene Zakonom o zdravstvenoj ispravnosti namirnica. Ovim ispitivanjima utvrÄeno je da nisu prekoraÄene dozvoljene granice nijednog od parametra koji utiÄu na kvalitet namirnica. Sadržaj teÅ”kih metala i aflatoksina je ispod dozvoljenih vrednosti. Najmanji sadržaj kofeina odreÄen je u uzorku kafe koja je proizvedena u privatnoj pržionici, a takodje jedino u njoj nije dokazano prisustvo surogata kafe. Dobijeni rezultati ispitivanja kafe ukazuju da su kafe najpoznatijih proizvoÄaÄa veoma ujednaÄene, a rezultati ispitivanja kofeina Äak i izjednaÄeni. To ukazuje na verovatnu Äinjenicu da je kafa istog porekla, a da je kasnije u pogonima pravljena razliÄita meÅ”avina, koja i utiÄe na konaÄni proizvod i koja daje aromu i ukus napitku
Effect of Gd3+ introduction on YF3: Yb, Er structural, morphological and optical properties
Monosized up-converting nanoparticles (UCNPs) with a spherical shape and biocompatible surface have a wide application in biomedicine as new cell markers or light-triggered drug delivery agents. The synthesis of the hexagonal Ī²-NaYF4:Yb/Er phase is of a great interest, because of its most efficient up-conversion luminescence. Beside it, synthesis of the UCNPs based on YF3:Yb/Er phase is also attractive due to its orthorhombic phase arrangement and fact that higher concentration of dopants could be introduced in such crystal lattice. In this work the synthesis of pure and Gd-doped YF3:Yb/Er phases were performed through hydro/solvo thermal method using a biocompatible chitosan as a surfactant. The XRD analysis showed that independently of the gadolinium content formation of the orthorhombic phase is achieved, but intensity of the green emission due to the (2H11/2, 4S3/2) ā 4I15/2 electronic transitions was highest for un-doped YF3:Yb/Er sample
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