中国語母語話者と日本語母語話者の日本語処理に関する言語認知脳科学的研究

13301甲第4917号博士（文学）金沢大学博士論文要旨Abstrac

Effects of Antimicrobial Peptide Revealed by Simulations: Translocation, Pore Formation, Membrane Corrugation and Euler Buckling

We explore the effects of the peripheral and transmembrane antimicrobial peptides on the lipid bilayer membrane by using the coarse grained Dissipative Particle Dynamics simulations. We study peptide/lipid membrane complexes by considering peptides with various structure, hydrophobicity and peptide/lipid interaction strength. The role of lipid/water interaction is also discussed. We discuss a rich variety of membrane morphological changes induced by peptides, such as pore formation, membrane corrugation and Euler buckling

Some improvements for the algorithm of Gröbner bases over dual valuation domain

As a special ring with zero divisors, the dual noetherian valuation domain has attracted much attention from scholars. This article aims at to improve the Buchberger's algorithm over the dual noetherian valuation domain. We present some criterions that can be applied in the algorithm for computing Gröbner bases, and the criterions may drastically reduce the number of S-polynomials in the course of the algorithm. In addition, we clearly demonstrate the improvement with an example

中国語母語話者と日本語母語話者の日本語処理に関する言語認知脳科学的研究

13301甲第4917号博士（文学）金沢大学博士論文本文Ful

Promising Antifungal Targets Against Candida albicans Based on Ion Homeostasis

In recent decades, invasive fungal infections have been increasing significantly, contributing to high incidences and mortality in immunosuppressed patients. Candida albicans (C. albicans) is the most prevalent opportunistic fungal pathogen in humans that can cause severe and often fatal bloodstream infections. Current antifungal agents have several limitations, including that only a small number of classes of antifungals are available, certain of which have severe toxicity and high cost. Moreover, the emergence of drug resistance is a new limitation to successful patient outcomes. Therefore, the development of antifungals with novel targets is an essential strategy for the efficient management of C. albicans infections. It is widely recognized that ion homeostasis is crucial for all living cells. Many studies have identified that ion-signaling and transduction networks are central to fungal survival by regulating gene expression, morphological transition, host invasion, stress response, and drug resistance. Dysregulation of ion homeostasis rapidly mediates cell death, forming the mechanistic basis of a growing number of compounds that elicit antifungal activity. Most of the potent antifungals have been widely used in the clinic, and certain of them have low toxicity, meaning that they may be expected to be used as antifungal drugs in the future. Hence, we briefly summarize the homeostasis regulation of several important ions, potential antifungal targets based on these ion-signaling networks, and antifungal compounds based on the disruption of ion homeostasis. This summary will help in designing effective drugs and identifying new targets for combating fungal diseases

中国人日本語学習者のコロケー ション処理における母語の影響一漢語名詞＋動詞のコロケー ションの場合 一

We carried out an experiment to examine the influence of native language (LI) when Chinese learners of Japanese process Japanese (L2) collocations. In the present study, Chinese-Japanese congruent collocations (C-J), Japanese-only collocations (J-only), and unrelated items were presented visually by computer. The Chinese learners of Japanese were then asked to judge whether the stimuli exist in Japanese or not. Results showed that for low proficiency learners the reaction time for C-J collocation was shorter than that of J-only collocation, while for high proficiency learners the reaction time for C-J collocation was longer than that of J-only collocation. These findings indicate that in the case of J-only collocation, learners can get rid of the influence of Ll as their proficiency increases, while in the case of the C-J collocation, it is difficult for them to get rid of the influence from their LL These results challenge Jiang (2000)\u27s lexical development model.中国人日本語学習者がL2日本語のコロケーションを処理する際のLlの影響を検証するために，本研究を行った。中国語一日本語で一致するコロケーション（C-J），日本語にしかないコロケーション(J-only), 無関連な項目の 3種類の刺激を呈示し． 日本語に存在しているかどうかを中上級の中国人日本語学習者に判断させた。実験の結果，低習熟度の学習者の場合. C-Jの反応時 間がJ-onlyより短いのに対し， 高習熟度の学習者になると，C-Jの反応時間がJ-onlyより長くなった。これらの結果から， 習熟度が高まるに従い， 学習者がJ-onlyコロケ ー ションを処理する際には，Llの影響を乗り越えるようになるのに対し， 習熟度が高くなっても. C-Jコロケ ー ションを処理する際には， Llの影響を乗り越えにくいということが分かった。これはJiang (2000) の語彙発達モデルに反する結果であった

脳活動における8本語処理の統語優位性仮説に関する検討 ー近赤外分光法 (NIRS) を用いてー

In the present study, we examined the primacy of syntactic over semantic processing in the Japanese language, in which grammatical morphology is as prominent as in most of Indo-European languages, but it also possesses symbolic language, similar to Chinese. Three kinds of collocation were created as stimuli: congruous collocations, collocations with semantic violation, and collocations with syntactic violation. Participants were asked to read the stimuli silently and then they judged whether they had seen them or not. Near-infrared spectroscopy was used to measure the regional changes in hemoglobin concentration in the brain of the participants. After analyzing the interplay of cortical activation between syntactic and semantic processing, we found that, during the reading task, when congruous stimuli were presented, activation was observed around the inferior frontal gyms and the middle temporal gyms, while when semantically violated stimuli were presented, activation was observed around the inferior frontal gyms. However, no brain area activation was observed for a syntactic violation condition. These activation patterns suggest that in Japanese, semantic processing is also dependent on the intactness of syntactic information, just as in Indo-European languages. The present study indicates that languages with prominent grammatical morphology exhibit primacy of syntax over semantics, and that near-infrared spectroscopy provides an efficient method of evaluating the primacy of syntactic and semantic processes.本研究は， H本語処理において意味処理よりも統語処理が優先されることを検証した。 日本語はほとんどのインドヨ ーロッパ語族の言語と同じように文法的形態が明確であるとともに， 非インドヨ ーロッパ言語の典型である中国語と同じように表意文字を持っている。 本研究では， 刺激 として，正しいコロケーション， 意味逸脱コロケー ション， 統語逸脱コロケー ションの3種類を用いた。 参加者の課題は， 刺激を黙読し， 後に再認することであった。 課題遂行中の参加者の脳内酸化ヘモグロビン(Oxy-Hb)濃度の変化を近赤外分光法(NIRS) を用いて測定した。 統語処理と意味処理を司る脳内部位の活性化状況の相互関係を分析した結果， 正しいコロケ ー ションが呈示された時には， 左下前頭回と左中側頭回が活性化した。 意味逸脱コロケ ー ションが呈示された時には， 左下前頭回が活性化した。 統語逸脱コロケー ションが呈示された時には， どの脳内部位も活性化しなかった。 これらの結果によって， ほとんどのインドヨ ーロッパ語族の言語と同じように， 日本語においても統語処理が行われてから意味処理がはじめて行われることが示唆された。本研究は文法的形態が明確な言語は統語処理の優位性を持っている可能性を示した。さらに， NIRSが言語処理の脳内機構を検討する有力な道具として使えることを示唆した

Innovative College English Teaching Based on CBI

CBI (content based instruction) is widely employed in many disciplines, which attracts great focus from the scholars and college English teachers. This presentation attempts to illustrate how to conduct innovative college English teaching on the bases of the CBI. More and more Chinese students with a good knowledge of English are required with the rapid globalization. However most of the Chinese college students are good at listening and reading, while lack motivation of speaking and writing, according to which the teacher made a set of integrated innovative college English teaching patterns based on the CBI (content based instruction) from the aspects of teaching plan, material compile, classroom organization, comprehensive projects and evaluation criteria. This innovative teaching tries to motivate and inspire the students to master comprehensive college English, which has gained great popularity with students in Jilin University, whose subjective initiative, a positive factor for the learners, has been aroused and whose spoken and written English improved a lot after a semester’s cooperation with the teacher. By reviewing the theme-based model of CBI, its teaching idea, theoretical basis, and the practice of the innovative teaching, this presentation proposes some insights and advice to College English teaching. Meanwhile it tries to provide some helpful thoughts and approaches for the other disciplines’ teachers by discussing the innovative teaching effects as well as teaching problems

Bivariate Polynomial Matrix and Smith Form

Matrix equivalence plays a pivotal role in multidimensional systems, which are typically represented by multivariate polynomial matrices. The Smith form of matrices is one of the important research topics in polynomial matrices. This article mainly investigates the Smith forms of several types of bivariate polynomial matrices and has successfully derived several necessary and sufficient conditions for matrix equivalence

Generalized Serre Problem over Elementary Divisor Rings

Matrix factorization has been widely investigated in the past years due to its fundamental importance in several areas of engineering. This paper investigates completion and zero prime factorization of matrices over elementary divisor rings (EDR). The Serre problem and Lin-Bose problems are generalized to EDR and are completely solved