Is the effect of mobile phone radiofrequency waves on human skin perfusion non-thermal ?

International audienceTo establish whether SkBF can be modified by exposure to the radiofrequency waves emitted by a mobile phone when the latter is held against the jaw and ear. Variations in SkBF and Tsk in adult volunteers were simultaneously recorded with a thermostatic laser Doppler system during a 20-minute radiofrequency exposure session and a 20-minute sham session. The skin microvessels' vasodilatory reserve was assessed with a heat challenge at the end of the protocol. During the radiofrequency exposure session, SkBF increased (vs. baseline) more than during the sham exposure session. The sessions did not differ significant in terms of the Tsk time-course response. The skin microvessels' vasodilatory ability was found to be greater during radiofrequency exposure than during sham exposure. Our results reveal the existence of a specific vasodilatory effect of mobile phone radiofrequency emission on skin perfusion

Genes Expressed in Specific Areas of the Human Fetal Cerebral Cortex Display Distinct Patterns of Evolution

The developmental mechanisms through which the cerebral cortex increased in size and complexity during primate evolution are essentially unknown. To uncover genetic networks active in the developing cerebral cortex, we combined three-dimensional reconstruction of human fetal brains at midgestation and whole genome expression profiling. This novel approach enabled transcriptional characterization of neurons from accurately defined cortical regions containing presumptive Broca and Wernicke language areas, as well as surrounding associative areas. We identified hundreds of genes displaying differential expression between the two regions, but no significant difference in gene expression between left and right hemispheres. Validation by qRTPCR and in situ hybridization confirmed the robustness of our approach and revealed novel patterns of area- and layer-specific expression throughout the developing cortex. Genes differentially expressed between cortical areas were significantly associated with fast-evolving non-coding sequences harboring human-specific substitutions that could lead to divergence in their repertoires of transcription factor binding sites. Strikingly, while some of these sequences were accelerated in the human lineage only, many others were accelerated in chimpanzee and/or mouse lineages, indicating that genes important for cortical development may be particularly prone to changes in transcriptional regulation across mammals. Genes differentially expressed between cortical regions were also enriched for transcriptional targets of FoxP2, a key gene for the acquisition of language abilities in humans. Our findings point to a subset of genes with a unique combination of cortical areal expression and evolutionary patterns, suggesting that they play important roles in the transcriptional network underlying human-specific neural traits

Collapse-related bone changes at multidetector CT in ARCO 1-2 osteonecrotic femoral heads: correlation with clinical and MRI data.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the frequency of collapse-related bone changes at multi-detector CT (MDCT) in osteonecrotic femoral heads (ONFH) and to compare clinical parameters and MRI findings in Association Research Circulation Osseous (ARCO) 1-2 ONFH with or without collapse-related bone changes (CRBC) at MDCT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a secondary analysis of radiographic, MRI, and MDCT examinations of ONFH of patients eligible for a prospective clinical trial. Radiographs and MRI were analyzed to perform ARCO staging. Frequency of CRBC at MDCT including cortical interruption, trabecular interruption, impaction, and resorption was determined by two readers (R1, R2) blinded to radiographic, MRI, and clinical data. Baseline clinical and imaging data of ARCO 1-2 ONFH were compared between hips with or without CRBC at MDCT. RESULTS: One hundred thirty-two hips of 77 participants were analyzed. There were 78 non-collapsed and 54 collapsed ONFH. For R1 and R2, 31/78 (40%) and 20/78 (26%) ARCO 1-2 ONFH and 54/54 (100%) and 53/54 (98%) ARCO 3-4 ONFH showed at least one CRBC at MDCT. For both readers, there was no significant difference in pain, functional impairment, size of lesion, and the presence of BME on MRI between ARCO 1-2 hips with or without CRBC at MDCT. CONCLUSION: Twenty-six to forty percent of ARCO 1-2 ONFH demonstrate at least one collapse-related bone change at CT. Their clinical and MRI findings do not differ from those without collapse-related bone changes

Effets thermiques locaux potentialisés par les effets des ondes radiofréquences émises par téléphonie mobile sur la vasomotricité cutanée

Les résultats de l'étude effectuée sur 20 jeunes adultes par approche laser Doppler thermostatique (LD), ont révélé des effets thermiques de téléphone mobile qui étaient potentialisés par l'exposition réelle aux ondes RF sur le micro débit sanguin cutané en comparaison avec une exposition sham. Un test de provocation thermique spécifique induisant une hyperémie réactive effectué à la 25è minute post-exposition, a montré que la réserve vasodilatatrice des microvaisseaux cutanés exposés aux ondes RF était plus grande que celle sous exposition sham

Synthesis of Amino-acids - Alkylation of Aldimine and Ketimine Derivatives of Glycine Ethyl-ester Under Various Phase-transfer Conditions

The Sciff base derived from glycine ethyl ester and p-chlorobenzaldehyde can be alkylated by the ion-pair extraction method as well as under catalytic liquid-liquid or solid-liquid phase-transfer conditions. This imine is compared with the corresponding benzophenone Schiff base

Multiple nonfunctional alleles of CCR5 are frequent in various human populations.

CCR5 is the major coreceptor for macrophage-tropic strains of the human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-1). Homozygotes for a 32-base pair (bp) deletion in the coding sequence of the receptor (CCR5Delta32) were found to be highly resistant to viral infection, and CCR5 became, therefore, one of the paradigms illustrating the influence of genetic variability onto individual susceptibility to infectious and other diseases. We investigated the functional consequences of 16 other natural CCR5 mutations described in various human populations. We found that 10 of these variants are efficiently expressed at the cell surface, bind [(125)I]-MIP-1beta with affinities similar to wtCCR5, respond functionally to chemokines, and act as HIV-1 coreceptors. In addition to Delta32, six mutations were characterized by major alterations in their functional response to chemokines, as a consequence of intracellular trapping and poor expression at the cell surface (C101X, FS299), general or specific alteration of ligand binding affinities (C20S, C178R, A29S), or relative inability to mediate receptor activation (L55Q). A29S displayed an unusual pharmacological profile, binding and responding to MCP-2 similarly to wtCCR5, but exhibiting severely impaired binding and functional responses to MIP-1alpha, MIP-1beta, and RANTES. In addition to Delta32, only C101X was totally unable to mediate entry of HIV-1. The fact that nonfunctional CCR5 alleles are relatively frequent in various human populations reinforces the hypothesis of a selective pressure favoring these alleles. (Blood. 2000;96:1638-1645)Journal ArticleResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe