Optimal surgical procedure for treating early-stage adenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast

Abstract To explore the superiority of breast conservation surgery (BCS) to mastectomy in treating early-stage adenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast (BACC). Patients with surgically treated stage I/II BACC were enrolled between 2000 and 2019 in the SEER database; they were divided into the BCS and mastectomy groups. Overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) were compared between the two groups, and Cox hazard regression models were used to determine the independent predictors. Of the 583 patients in the study, 386 were included in the BCS group. The 10-year OS rates for the BCS and mastectomy groups were 78% (95% CI: 74–82%) and 76% (95% CI: 70–82%), respectively, but the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.968). The 10-year DSS rates for the BCS and mastectomy groups were 95% (95% CI: 93–97%) and 89% (95% CI: 85–93%), respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (p = 0.002). Pathological examination of regional lymph nodes and adjuvant treatment were not associated with improved OS or DSS, but age, disease grade, and lymph node metastasis were independent prognostic factors. For stage I/II BACC, BCS can achieve more satisfactory 10-year OS and DSS than mastectomy

Overexpression of OsbHLH107, a member of the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor family, enhances grain size in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Abstract Background Grain size, which is determined by grain length, grain width, and grain thickness, is an important determinant for grain yield in rice. Identification and characterization of new genes that are associated with grain size will be helpful for the improvement of grain yield in rice. Results We characterized the grain size mutant, larger grain size 1 (lgs1), derived from rice activation-tagged T-DNA insertion lines. Histological analysis showed that increased cell numbers in the longitudinal direction of spikelet hulls was responsible for the grain mutant phenotype in lgs1. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis further showed that the expression levels of genes associated with the cell cycle in the young panicles of the lgs1 were higher than those in the wild type (WT), which might result in the increased cell numbers in lgs1 spikelet hulls. Insertion site analysis together with transgenic experiments confirmed that the lgs1 phenotype was caused by enhanced expression of truncated OsbHLH107, corresponding to the nucleotide (nt) 331–846 region (i.e., the transcriptional activation region of OsbHLH107) of the OsbHLH107 coding sequence (CDS). OsbHLH107 is a nucleus-localized bHLH transcription factor, which can form a homodimer with itself. Phylogenetic analysis showed that OsbHLH107 belonged to the same subfamily as OsPILs. OsPIL13 (OsPIL1) and OsPIL16 (APG) were reported to regulate grain size in rice. By transgenic experiments, we found that OsPIL11 could also regulate grain size. Conclusion We concluded that OsbHLH107 and its homologs are important regulators of grain size development and might be useful for grain yield improvement in rice

Additional file 1: of Overexpression of OsbHLH107, a member of the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor family, enhances grain size in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Figure S1. Characterization of ‘Dongjin’ (WT) and lgs1 plants. Figure S2. Identification of transcripts after the T-DNA insertion site by 5’ RACE. Figure S3. Multiple sequence alignment of OsbHLH107 and its homologs. Figure S4. Relative expression analysis and molecular identification of OsbHLH107 overexpression and CRISPR/Cas9 transgenic plants. Figure S5. Characterization of OsbHLH107-RNAi seeds on a ‘Dongjin’ (WT) background. Figure S6. OsbHLH107 is broadly expressed in various tissues. Figure S7. Subcellular-localization of the truncated forms of OsbHLH107. Figure S8. Y2H assays showed that the truncated form of OsbHLH107 physically interacts with itself. Figure S9. Phylogenetic analysis of the reported OsbHLHs. Figure S10. Identification of OsPIL11 transgenic plants. Figure S11. Relative expression levels of OsPILs in ‘Dongjin’ and lgs1. Figure S12. Statistical analysis of grain length of OsbHLH109-CRISPR/Cas9 (107CR) and OsPIL11-CRSPR/Cas9 (PIL11CR) T1 generation plants. Table S1. Primers used in this study. Table S2. Information regarding cell cycle genes used in this study. Table S3. Information regarding bHLH genes used in this study. (DOCX 5206 kb