On F

We introduce a new construction—FS+-domain—and prove that the category with FS+-domains as objects and Scott continuous functions as morphisms is a Cartesian closed category. We obtain that the Plotkin powerdomain PP(L) over an FS-domain L is an FS+-domain

The Culture Dish Surface Influences the Phenotype and Cytokine Production of Human Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells

Monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDC) are an important scientific and clinical source of functional dendritic cells (DC). However, the optimization of the generation process has to date mainly been limited to the variation of soluble factors. In this study, we investigated the impact of the cell culture dish surface on phenotype and cytokine profile. We compared a standard cell culture dish to a non-adherent culture dish for two immunogenic maturation conditions, two tolerogenic conditions, and an unstimulated control. Phenotype, cytokine profile and T cell stimulatory capacity were determined after a 3-day culture. Light microscopy revealed an increase in homotypic cluster formation correlated with the use of non-adherent surfaces, which could be reduced by using blocking antibodies against CD18. All surface markers analyzed showed moderate to strong differences depending on the culture dish surface, including significantly decreased expression of key maturation markers such as CD80, CD86, and CCR7 as well as PD-L1 on cells stimulated with the Jonuleit cytokine cocktail cultured on a non-adherent surface. Significant differences in the secretion of many cytokines were observed, especially for cells stimulated with LPS, with over 10-fold decreased secretion of IL-10, IL12-p40, and TNF-α from the cells cultured on the non-adherent surface. All immunogenic moDC populations showed similar capacity to induce antigen-specific T cells. These results provide evidence that the DC phenotype depends on the surface used during moDC generation. This has important implications for the optimization of DC-based immunotherapy development and underlines that the local surrounding can interfere with the final DC population beyond the soluble factors.publishedVersio

Comprehensive Bibliometric Analysis of the Kynurenine Pathway in Mood Disorders: Focus on Gut Microbiota Research

Background: Emerging evidence implicates the dysregulated kynurenine pathway (KP), an immune-inflammatory pathway, in the pathophysiology of mood disorders (MD), including depression and bipolar disorder characterized by a low-grade chronic pro-inflammatory state. The metabolites of the KP, an important part of the microbiota-gut-brain axis, serve as immune system modulators linking the gut microbiota (GM) with the host central nervous system.Aim: This bibliometric analysis aimed to provide a first glimpse into the KP in MD, with a focus on GM research in this field, to guide future research and promote the development of this field.Methods: Publications relating to the KP in MD between the years 2000 and 2020 were retrieved from the Scopus and Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC), and analyzed in CiteSpace (5.7 R5W), biblioshiny (using R-Studio), and VOSviewer (1.6.16).Results: In total, 1,064 and 948 documents were extracted from the Scopus and WoSCC databases, respectively. The publications have shown rapid growth since 2006, partly owing to the largest research hotspot appearing since then, “quinolinic acid.” All the top five most relevant journals were in the neuropsychiatry field, such as Brain Behavior and Immunity. The United States and Innsbruck Medical University were the most influential country and institute, respectively. Journal co-citation analysis showed a strong tendency toward co-citation of research in the psychiatry field. Reference co-citation analysis revealed that the top four most important research focuses were “kynurenine pathway,” “psychoneuroimmunology,” “indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase,” and “proinflammatory cytokines,” and the most recent focus was “gut-brain axis,” thus indicating the role of the KP in bridging the GM and the host immune system, and together reflecting the field’s research foundations. Overlap analysis between the thematic map of keywords and the keyword burst analysis revealed that the topics “Alzheimer’s disease,” “prefrontal cortex,” and “acid,” were research frontiers.Conclusion: This comprehensive bibliometric study provides an updated perspective on research associated with the KP in MD, with a focus on the current status of GM research in this field. This perspective may benefit researchers in choosing suitable journals and collaborators, and aid in the further understanding of the field’s hotspots and frontiers, thus facilitating future research

Estudio y determinación del principio activo antipalúdico hidrocloruro de proguanil

En este trabajo se realiza un estudio para la determinación de hidrocloruro de proguanil, uno de los principios activos del medicamento antipalúdico Malarone. Dicho estudio se lleva a cabo por diferentes técnicas con el fin de proponer métodos sencillos, rápidos y relativamente económicos para su determinación en muestras comerciales y biológicas (se estudia la influencia de componentes presentes en la orina). De las experiencias realizadas, se concluye que los mejores resultados para la determinación de este compuesto son los obtenidos por espectrofotometría de absorción molecular UV-Vis en muestras comerciales y por cromatografía líquida de alta resolución, HPLC, en muestras biológicas. En este último caso, también se proponen las condiciones óptimas de análisis para la detección y cuantificación simultánea de hidrocloruro de proguanil y otro principio activo antipalúdico, hidrocloruro de mefloquina. Finalmente, se llevó a cabo, sobre muestras comerciales, la identificación de hidrocloruro de proguanil por espectroscopia Raman e IR, analizando también las posibilidades de diferenciar este compuesto del hidrocloruro de mefloquina.In this work, a study is carried out to determine proguanil hydrochloride, one of the active principles of the antimalarial drug Malarone. This study is carried out by different techniques in order to propose simple, fast and relatively inexpensive methods for its determination in commercial and biological samples (the influence of components present in urine is studied). From the experiments carried out, it is concluded that the best results for the determination of this compound are those obtained by UV-Vis molecular absorption spectrophotometry in commercial samples and by high-performance liquid chromatography, HPLC, in biological samples. In the latter case, the optimal analytical conditions for the simultaneous detection and quantification of proguanil hydrochloride and another antimalarial active principle, mefloquine hydrochloride, are also proposed. Finally, the characterization of proguanil hydrochloride by Raman and IR spectroscopy was carried out on commercial samples, also analyzing the possibilities of differentiating this compound from mefloquine hydrochloride.Grado en Químic

On a Min-Max procedure for the existence of a positive solution for certain scalar field equations in RN.

In this paper we mainly introduce a min-max procedure to prove the existence of positive solutions for certain semilinear elliptic equations in RN

Interprovincial Comparison and Evaluation of Export Competitiveness of Gannan Navel Orange Based on 2011-2016 Data

China's orange export was mainly concentrated in Jiangxi, Guangxi, Guangdong, Yunnan, and Fujian. The annual output of Jiangxi Gannan navel orange ranks first in the whole China, but the export competitiveness is not very prominent. In view of this, this paper compared the regional market advantages, export performance, export growth rate and export price of Gannan navel orange between Yunnan, Guangxi, Guangdong and Fujian. Through comparative analysis, it discussed the main problems in the development of Gannan navel orange. On the basis of learning development experience of orange industry of Guangxi, Guangdong, Fujian, and Yunnan, it came up with recommendations for improving export competitiveness of Gannan navel orange

Co-assembly of graphene/polyoxometalate films for highly electrocatalytic and sensing hydroperoxide

Graphene oxide (GO) films mixed with polyethylenimine (PEI) were prepared by a layer-by-layer assembly (LBL) method, in which the GO component is then converted to reduced GO (rGO) in situ through an electron transfer interaction with a polyoxometalate (POM) that is assembled on the outer surface. With this, devices were manufactured by spreading composite films of (PEI/rGO)n-POM with different numbers of PEI/rGO layers on ITO substrates. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) reveals that the catalytic activity for H2O2 of (PEI/rGO)n-POM films was significantly higher than that of similar films of (PEI/GO)n/PEI/POM manufactured LBL with the same number of layers, although the catalyst POM content of (PEI/rGO)n-POM was only half that of (PEI/GO)n/PEI/POM. The catalytic activity of (PEI/rGO)n-POM films first increases and then decreases as the number of PEI/rGO layers increases. The result shows that (PEI/rGO)3-POM films with three PEI/rGO layers exhibit the highest efficiency. Amperometric measurements of the (PEI/rGO)3-POM films showed improved current response, high sensitivity, wide linear range, low detection limit, and fast response for H2O2 detection. The enhanced catalytic property of (PEI/rGO)n-POM films is attributed to the electron transfer interaction and electrostatic interaction between POM and rGO