507 research outputs found
Quantum Phase Transition in Hall Conductivity on an Anisotropic Kagome Lattice
We study the quantum Hall effect(QHE) on the Kagom\'{e} lattice with
anisotropy in one of the hopping integrals. We find a new type of QHE
characterized by the quantization rules for Hall conductivity
and Landau Levels ( is an integer), which is different from any known type. This phase
evolves from the QHE phase with and in the isotropic case, which is realized in a system
with massless Dirac fermions (such as in graphene). The phase transition does
not occur simultaneously in all Hall plateaus as usual but in sequence from low
to high energies, with the increase of hopping anisotropy.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
Detecting Lensing-Induced Diffraction in Astrophysical Gravitational Waves
Gravitational waves emitted from compact binary coalescence can be subject to
wave diffraction if they are gravitationally lensed by an intervening mass
clump whose Schwarzschild timescale matches the wave period. Waves in the
ground-based frequency band --Hz are sensitive to clumps with
masses -- enclosed within the impact parameter.
These can be the central parts of low mass --
dark matter halos, which are predicted in Cold Dark Matter scenarios but are
challenging to observe. Neglecting finely-tuned impact parameters, we focus on
lenses aligned generally on the Einstein scale for which multiple lensed images
may not form in the case of an extended lens. In this case, diffraction induces
amplitude and phase modulations whose sizes -- are small
enough so that standard matched filtering with unlensed waveforms do not
degrade, but are still detectable for events with high signal-to-noise ratio.
We develop and test an agnostic detection method based on dynamic programming,
which does not require a detailed model of the lensed waveforms. For
pseudo-Jaffe lenses aligned up to the Einstein radius, we demonstrate that a
pair of fully upgraded aLIGO/Virgo detectors can extract diffraction imprints
from binary black hole mergers out to --. The prospect will
improve dramatically for a third-generation detector for which binary black
hole mergers out to -- will all become valuable sources.Comment: 14 pages including references; 8 figures; comments are welcom
Gravitational lensing of gravitational waves: A statistical perspective
In this paper, we study the strong gravitational lensing of gravitational
waves (GWs) from a statistical perspective, with particular focus on the high
frequency GWs from stellar binary black hole coalescences. These are most
promising targets for ground-based detectors such as Advanced Laser
Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory (aLIGO) and the proposed Einstein
Telescope (ET) and can be safely treated under the geometrical optics limit for
GW propagation. We perform a thorough calculation of the lensing rate, by
taking account of effects caused by the ellipticity of lensing galaxies, lens
environments, and magnification bias. We find that in certain GW source rate
scenarios, we should be able to observe strongly lensed GW events once per year
() in the aLIGO survey at its design sensitivity; for the
proposed ET survey, the rate could be as high as . These
results depend on the estimate of GW source abundance, and hence can be
correspondingly modified with an improvement in our understanding of the merger
rate of stellar binary black holes. We also compute the fraction of four-image
lens systems in each survey, predicting it to be per cent for the
aLIGO survey and per cent for the ET survey. Finally, we evaluate the
possibility of missing some images due to the finite survey duration, by
presenting the probability distribution of lensing time delays. We predict that
this selection bias will be insignificant in future GW surveys, as most of the
lens systems ( per cent) will have time delays less than month,
which will be far shorter than survey durations.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures, 1 table. Revised to match version published in
MNRA
KiDS+VIKING-450: An internal-consistency test for cosmic shear tomography with a colour-based split of source galaxies
We performed an internal-consistency test of the KiDS+VIKING-450 (KV450)
cosmic shear analysis with a colour-based split of source galaxies. Utilising
the same measurements and calibrations for both sub-samples, we inspected the
characteristics of the shear measurements and the performance of the
calibration pipelines. On the modelling side, we examined the observational
nuisance parameters, specifically those for the redshift calibration and
intrinsic alignments, using a Bayesian analysis with dedicated test parameters.
We verified that the current nuisance parameters are sufficient for the KV450
data to capture residual systematics, with slight deviations seen in the second
and the third redshift tomographic bins. Our test also showcases the degeneracy
between the inferred amplitude of intrinsic alignments and the redshift
uncertainties in low redshift tomographic bins. The test is rather insensitive
to the background cosmology and, therefore, can be implemented before any
cosmological inference is made.Comment: 12 pages, 8 figures, 3 tables. Revised to match version published in
A&
Multiscale Point Correspondence Using Feature Distribution and Frequency Domain Alignment
In this paper, a hybrid scheme is proposed to find the reliable point-correspondences between two images, which combines the distribution of invariant spatial feature description and frequency domain alignment based on two-stage coarse to fine refinement strategy. Firstly, the source and the target images are both down-sampled by the image pyramid algorithm in a hierarchical multi-scale way. The Fourier-Mellin transform is applied to obtain the transformation parameters at the coarse level between the image pairs; then, the parameters can serve as the initial coarse guess, to guide the following feature matching step at the original scale, where the correspondences are restricted in a search window determined by the deformation between the reference image and the current image; Finally, a novel matching strategy is developed to reject the false matches by validating geometrical relationships between candidate matching points. By doing so, the alignment parameters are refined, which is more accurate and more flexible than a robust fitting technique. This in return can provide a more accurate result for feature correspondence. Experiments on real and synthetic image-pairs show that our approach provides satisfactory feature matching performance
Genome-wide identification and characterization of ATP-binding cassette transporters in the silkworm, Bombyx mori
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter superfamily is the largest transporter gene family responsible for transporting specific molecules across lipid membranes in all living organisms. In insects, ABC transporters not only have important functions in molecule transport, but also play roles in insecticide resistance, metabolism and development.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>From the genome of the silkworm, <it>Bombyx mori</it>, we have identified 51 putative ABC genes which are classified into eight subfamilies (A-H) by phylogenetic analysis. Gene duplication is very evident in the ABCC and ABCG subfamilies, whereas gene numbers and structures are well conserved in the ABCD, ABCE, ABCF, and ABCH subfamilies. Microarray analysis revealed that expression of 32 silkworm ABC genes can be detected in at least one tissue during different developmental stages, and the expression patterns of some of them were confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR. A large number of ABC genes were highly expressed in the testis compared to other tissues. One of the ABCG genes, <it>BmABC002712</it>, was exclusively and abundantly expressed in the Malpighian tubule implying that <it>BmABC002712 </it>plays a tissue-specific role. At least 5 ABCG genes, including <it>BmABC005226</it>, <it>BmABC005203</it>, <it>BmABC005202</it>, <it>BmABC010555</it>, and <it>BmABC010557</it>, were preferentially expressed in the midgut, showing similar developmental expression profiles to those of 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E)-response genes. 20E treatment induced the expression of these ABCG genes in the midgut and RNA interference-mediated knockdown of <it>USP</it>, a component of the 20E receptor, decreased their expression, indicating that these midgut-specific ABCG genes are 20E-responsive.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>In this study, a genome-wide analysis of the silkworm ABC transporters has been conducted. A comparison of ABC transporters from 5 insect species provides an overview of this vital gene superfamily in insects. Moreover, tissue- and stage-specific expression data of the silkworm ABCG genes lay a foundation for future analysis of their physiological function and hormonal regulation.</p
Strong lensing selection effects
Context. Strong lenses are a biased subset of the general population of
galaxies.
Aims. The goal of this work is to quantify how lens galaxies and lensed
sources differ from their parent distribution, namely the strong lensing bias.
Methods. We first studied how the strong lensing cross-section varies as a
function of lens and source properties. Then, we simulated strong lensing
surveys with data similar to that expected for Euclid and measured the strong
lensing bias in different scenarios. We focused particularly on two quantities:
the stellar population synthesis mismatch parameter, , defined as
the ratio between the true stellar mass of a galaxy and the stellar mass
obtained from photometry, and the central dark matter mass at fixed stellar
mass and size.
Results. Strong lens galaxies are biased towards larger stellar masses,
smaller half-mass radii and larger dark matter masses. The amplitude of the
bias depends on the intrinsic scatter in the mass-related parameters of the
galaxy population and on the completeness in Einstein radius of the lens
sample. For values of the scatter that are consistent with observed scaling
relations and a minimum detectable Einstein radius of , the strong
lensing bias in is , while that in the central dark matter
mass is . The bias has little dependence on the properties of the source
population: samples of galaxy-galaxy lenses and galaxy-quasar lenses that probe
the same Einstein radius distribution are biased in a very similar way.
Conclusions. Given current uncertainties, strong lensing observations can be
used directly to improve our current knowledge of the inner structure of
galaxies, without the need to correct for selection effects. Time-delay
measurements of from lensed quasars can take advantage of prior
information obtained from galaxy-galaxy lenses with similar Einstein radii.Comment: Published on Astronomy & Astrophysics. A two-minute summary video of
this paper is available at https://youtu.be/UmS9jRHTmZ
Hepatitis B virus infections and risk factors among the general population in Anhui Province, China: an epidemiological study
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Hepatitis B is one of the most common infectious diseases in China. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) among the general population and the risk factors associated with HBV infection in Anhui province, China.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A provincial serosurvey was conducted in four cities, and selected through stratified clustering sampling. Data on demographics, immunization history, medical history, family medical history, and life history were collected, along with serum tested for HBsAg. Completed surveys were analysed from 8,875 participants.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Overall prevalence of HBsAg was 7.44%. Using multivariate analysis, older age was a risk factor for HBsAg infection among children younger than 15 years. Among adults 15-59 years old, the risk factors were male gender, a history of surgical operations, at least one HBsAg-positive family member, and non-vaccination. For adults older than 59 years, the risk factor was a blood transfusion history.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Though Anhui province has already reached the national goal of reducing HBsAg prevalence to less than 1% among children younger than 5 years, there are still several risk factors for HBsAg infection among the older population. Immunization programs should continue to focus on adults, and interventions should be taken to reduce risk factors associated with being infected with Hepatitis B.</p
Probing onset of strong localization and electron-electron interactions with the presence of direct insulator-quantum Hall transition
We have performed low-temperature transport measurements on a disordered
two-dimensional electron system (2DES). Features of the strong localization
leading to the quantum Hall effect are observed after the 2DES undergoes a
direct insulator-quantum Hall transition with increasing the perpendicular
magnetic field. However, such a transition does not correspond to the onset of
strong localization. The temperature dependences of the Hall resistivity and
Hall conductivity reveal the importance of the electron-electron interaction
effects to the observed transition in our study.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figure
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