Identification of single nucleotide polymorphisms in bovine CARD15 and their associations with health and production traits in Canadian Holsteins

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Toll-like receptor-2 (TLR2) and Caspase Recruitment Domain 15 (CARD15) are important pattern recognition receptors that play a role in the initiation of the inflammatory and subsequent immune response. They have been previously identified as susceptibility loci for inflammatory bowel diseases in humans and are, therefore, suitable candidate genes for inflammatory disease resistance in cattle. The objective of this study was to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the bovine <it>TLR2 </it>and <it>CARD15 </it>and evaluate the association of these SNPs with health and production traits in a population of Canadian Holstein bulls.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>A selective DNA pool was constructed based on the estimated breeding values (EBVs) for SCS. Gene segments were amplified from this pool in PCR reactions and the amplicons sequenced to reveal polymorphisms. A total of four SNPs, including one in intron 10 (c.2886-14A>G) and three in the exon 12 (c.3020A>T, c.4500A>C and c.4950C>T) were identified in <it>CARD15</it>; none were identified in <it>TLR2</it>. Canadian Holstein bulls (n = 338) were genotyped and haplotypes were reconstructed. Two SNPs, c.3020A>T and c.4500A>C, were associated with EBVs for health and production traits. The SNP, c.3020A>T, for example, was associated with SCS EBVs (p = 0.0097) with an allele substitution effect of 0.07 score. When compared to the most frequent haplotype Hap12(AC), Hap22(TC) was associated with increased milk (p < 0.0001) and protein (p = 0.0007) yield EBVs, and hap21(TA) was significantly associated with increased SCS EBV(p = 0.0120). All significant comparison-wise associations retained significance at 8% experimental-wise level by permutation test.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>This study indicates that SNP c.3020A>T might play a role in the host response against mastitis and further detailed studies are needed to understand its functional mechanisms.</p

Nivel de conocimiento y autocuidado del adulto que recibe quimioterapia ambulatoria. Hospital de Alta complejidad Virgen de la Puerta. La Libertad, 2015.

El presente estudio de investigación es de tipo descriptivo - correlacional, se realizó durante los meses de Marzo – Agosto del 2015 en el Hospital de Alta Complejidad Virgen de la Puerta. La Libertad, en el servicio de quimioterapia ambulatoria, con el propósito de determinar el nivel de conocimiento y su relación con el autocuidado del adulto que recibe quimioterapia ambulatoria. Participaron 50 pacientes adultos con diagnóstico de cáncer que reciben quimioterapia ambulatoria, se aplicaron 2 instrumentos: El primer cuestionario orientado hacia el nivel de conocimiento y el segundo hacia el autocuidado del adulto que recibe quimioterapia ambulatoria. Los resultados evidencian que: el 92 % tiene un nivel de conocimiento medio, mientras que el 4 % alto y así mismo el 4% bajo; un 98% tienen práctica de autocuidado adecuado, el 2% inadecuado; el 92% de los adultos que reciben quimioterapia ambulatoria obtienen nivel de conocimiento medio y un autocuidado adecuado, en tanto que el 4% obtienen un nivel de conocimiento alto y un autocuidado adecuado. Concluyendo que existe relación altamente significativa (p= 0.000) entre el nivel de conocimiento y autocuidado del adulto que recibe quimioterapia ambulatoria.This research study is descriptive - correlational, was conducted during the months of March to August 2015 in the High Complexity Hospital Virgen de la Puerta. The Libertad, in the service of ambulatory chemotherapy, for determining the level of knowledge and its relation to the self-care in adults that receives ambulatory chemotherapy. They participated 50 adults patients diagnosed with cancer receiving ambulatory chemotherapy, two instruments were applied: The first facing the level of knowledge and the second to the self in adults receiving outpatient chemotherapy questionnaire oriented knowledge level and the second questionnaire to the self in adults receiving ambulatory chemotherapy. The results show that: 92% have a medium level of knowledge, while 4% higher and likewise under 4%; 98% have adequate self-care practice, inadequate 2% ; 92% of adults receiving outpatient chemotherapy obtained average level of knowledge and adequate self-care, while 4% obtain a higher level of knowledge and adequate self-care. Concluding that there is highly significant (p = 0.000) between the level of knowledge and self-care adult receiving outpatient chemotherapy

Enhanced Seismic Structural Reliability on Reinforced Concrete Buildings by Using Buckling Restrained Braces

The control of vibrations and damage in traditional reinforced concrete (RC) buildings under earthquakes is a difficult task. It requires the use of innovative devices to enhance the seismic behavior of concrete buildings. In this paper, we design RC buildings with buckling restrained braces (BRBs) to achieve this objective. For this aim, three traditional RC framed structures with 3, 6, and 9 story levels are designed by using the well-known technique nondominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) in order to reduce the cost and maximize the seismic performance. Then, equivalent RC buildings are designed but including buckling restrained braces. Both structural systems are subjected to several narrow-band ground motions recorded at soft soil sites of Mexico City scaled at different levels of intensities in terms of the spectral acceleration at first mode of vibration of the structure Sa(T1). Then, incremental dynamic analysis, seismic fragility, and structural reliability in terms of the maximum interstory drift are computed for all the buildings. For the three selected structures and the equivalent models with BRBs, it is concluded that the annual rate of exceedance is considerably reduced when BRBs are incorporated. For this reason, the structural reliability of the RC buildings with BRBs has a better behavior in comparison with the traditional reinforced concrete buildings. The use of BRBs is a good option to improve strength and seismic behavior and hence the structural reliability of RC buildings subjected to strong earthquake ground motions

Nutrición de Vanilla planifolia A. post estrés abiótico

La vainilla (Vanilla planifolia Andrews) es una orquídea que produce frutos aromáticos comestibles, lo que la posiciona como uno de los legados agro biológicos más trascendentales de las culturas de Mesoamérica. (Fernández, 2014). El objetivo de la investigación fue estimular la recuperación de una plantación de Vanilla planifolia Andrews en el Municipio de Tihuatlán, Ver. México, después de estas sometida a estés por sequía. Se seleccionando esquejes estresados que estaban sanos con yemas viables con al menos un cm de diámetro y 80 cm de largo; se desinfectaron antes de la siembra, se reguló la luz y se establecieron los tutores. Para motivar la recuperación se emplearon dos sistemas de nutrición, una convencional y otra orgánica. Las variables de respuesta evaluadas fueron: longitud de planta, número de hojas, grosor de tallo, raíces aéreas, entrenudos, concentración de clorofila y Número de brotes por esqueje. El resultado final fue que no se encontró una diferencia estadísticamente significativas entre los dos sistemas de nutrición por lo que se concluye que la recuperación del cultivo de vainilla puede ser provocara por ambos, sin embargo es mejor mantener un manejo completamente orgánico por diversos beneficios a la salud, ambientales, sociales y económicos

Evaluación económica de la Campaña Nacional contra moscas de la fruta en los estados de Baja California, Guerrero, Nuevo León, Sinaloa, Sonora y Tamaulipas (1994-2008)

Este documento es parte de un programa de evaluación de políticas públicas generadas por la Campaña Nacional contra Moscas de la Fruta (CNMF), que tiene como objeto entregar información que ayude a la toma de decisiones, indicando el real impacto de las acciones desarrolladas con relación al control de la mosca de la fruta en algunos estados de la república mexicana.Contiene: 1. Introducción. 2 Antecedentes a la instrumentación de la Campaña Nacional contra moscas de la fruta. 3 Metodología para la evaluación de la CNMF. 4 Estrategias de control de la Campaña Nacional contra Moscas de la fruta. 5 Producción y comercialización de hospedantes de las moscas de la fruta nativa. 6 Estructura de beneficios generados por la Camapaña Nacional contra moscas de la fruta. 7 Estructura de costos de la Campaña Nacional contra moscas de la fruta. 8 Análisis de resultados. 9 Conclusiones y recomendaciones

Database of cattle candidate genes and genetic markers for milk production and mastitis

A cattle database of candidate genes and genetic markers for milk production and mastitis has been developed to provide an integrated research tool incorporating different types of information supporting a genomic approach to study lactation, udder development and health. The database contains 943 genes and genetic markers involved in mammary gland development and function, representing candidates for further functional studies. The candidate loci were drawn on a genetic map to reveal positional overlaps. For identification of candidate loci, data from seven different research approaches were exploited: (i) gene knockouts or transgenes in mice that result in specific phenotypes associated with mammary gland (143 loci); (ii) cattle QTL for milk production (344) and mastitis related traits (71); (iii) loci with sequence variations that show specific allele-phenotype interactions associated with milk production (24) or mastitis (10) in cattle; (iv) genes with expression profiles associated with milk production (207) or mastitis (107) in cattle or mouse; (v) cattle milk protein genes that exist in different genetic variants (9); (vi) miRNAs expressed in bovine mammary gland (32) and (vii) epigenetically regulated cattle genes associated with mammary gland function (1). Fourty-four genes found by multiple independent analyses were suggested as the most promising candidates and were further in silico analysed for expression levels in lactating mammary gland, genetic variability and top biological functions in functional networks. A miRNA target search for mammary gland expressed miRNAs identified 359 putative binding sites in 3′UTRs of candidate genes