28 research outputs found

    EXTRACCIÓN, IDENTIFICACIÓN Y CUANTIFICACIÓN DE SWAINSONINA A PARTIR DE ASTRAGALUS AREQUIPENSIS (GARBANCILLO) Y DE SUS HONGOS ENDÓFITOS POR FERMENTACIÓN EN CULTIVO SUMERGIDO DISCONTINUO

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    ASTRAGALUS SPP. COMO ESPECIE VEGETAL METABOLITOS SECUNDARIOS ALCALOIDES SWAINSONINA FUENTES VEGETALES Y FÚNGICAS DE SWAINSONINA MÉTODO EXTRACTIVO Y FERMENTATIVO MÉTODOS DE IDENTIFICACIÓN POR TLC Y HPLC PERSPECTIVAS FUTURA

    Antifungal microorganisms applicable as bioprotectivecultures in diary products : selection, pilot-scale evaluation and identification of the compounds supporting the activity

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    La contamination fongique des produits laitiers est Ă  l’origine de pertes Ă©conomiques consĂ©quentes et de gaspillage alimentaire. Dans un contexte de demande pour plus de « naturalitĂ© », les cultures de bioprotection et leurs mĂ©tabolites reprĂ©sentent une alternative d’intĂ©rĂȘt aux conservateurs chimiques pour lutter contre ces contaminants.Les objectifs de cette thĂšse Ă©taient i) de sĂ©lectionner des micro-organismes prĂ©sentant une activitĂ© antifongique, pour Ă©laborer des cultures de bioprotection applicables dans des produits laitiers, et ii) d’étudier les composĂ©s potentiellement supports de l’activitĂ© antifongique observĂ©e. Dans un premier temps, l’activitĂ© antifongique de 32 souches de bactĂ©ries lactiques et propioniques a Ă©tĂ© Ă©tudiĂ©e en modĂšles « fromage » et « yaourt ». L’étude de combinaisons de souches et de leur innocuitĂ© a conduit Ă  sĂ©lectionner 2 combinaisons binaires de lactobacilles (A1 et A3). Leur efficacitĂ© et applicabilitĂ© a Ă©tĂ© Ă©valuĂ©e Ă  l’échelle pilote en fabrication de crĂšme fraĂźche et de fromage.Les challenges tests et tests d’usages ont montrĂ© que selon le produit laitier, A1 et A3 ont une activitĂ© antifongique similaire ou supĂ©rieure que les cultures bioprotectrices commerciales. Selon l’inoculum ajoutĂ©, ces cultures n’impactent pas les caractĂ©ristiques technologiques et organoleptiques des produits laitiers. Des mĂ©thodes chromatographiques des composĂ©s antifongiques suivies d’analyses statistiques ont permis de mettre en Ă©vidence des « cocktails » de 2 Ă  17 composĂ©s, selon la matrice et la culture considĂ©rĂ©e, qui sont probablement supports de l’activitĂ© antifongique.Ces travaux contribuent Ă  une meilleure comprĂ©hension des mĂ©canismes d’action de l’activitĂ© antifongique et devraient conduire au dĂ©veloppement de cultures antifongique pour remplacer les conservateurs dans les produits laitiers.Fungal contamination of dairy products is responsible for economic losses and food waste. In a context of “preservative-free” product demand, bioprotective cultures and their metabolites represe,t an alternative of interest of chemical preservatives to control these spoilers.The objective of this study was i) to select microorganisms exhibiting an antifungal activity, in order to elaborate bioprotectivecultures applicable in dairy products, and ii) to study the compounds potentially supporting the observed activity. Firstly, the antifungal activity of 32 strains of lactic acid and propionic bacteria screened in cheese model and yogurt. Strain combinaison study and safety assessment led to the selection of 2 binary lactobacilli combinations (A1 and A3). Their efficiency and applicability were then evaluated in pilot-scale productions of sour cream and cheese.Challenge and shelf life tests showed that depending on the dairy product, A1 and A3 have a similar or higher antifungal activity than the commercial bioprotective cultures. In addition, depending of inoculum, A1 and A3 did not impact the technological and organoleptic characteristics. Chromatographic methods and statistical analyses allowed identifying cocktails of 2 to 17 compounds, according to the considered dairy product and culture that probably support the antifungal activity.The obtained results contribute to a better understanding of the antifungal activity action mechanisms and should lead to the development of antifungal cultures to replace preservatives in dairy products

    Cultures antifongiques applicables comme ferments de bioprotection dans les produits laitiers : sélection, évaluation à l'échelle pilote et identification de composés supports de l'activité

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    Prodinra 463822Fungal contamination of dairy products is responsible for economic losses and food waste. In a context of “preservative-free” product demand, bioprotective cultures and their metabolites represe,t an alternative of interest of chemical preservatives to control these spoilers.The objective of this study was i) to select microorganisms exhibiting an antifungal activity, in order to elaborate bioprotectivecultures applicable in dairy products, and ii) to study the compounds potentially supporting the observed activity. Firstly, the antifungal activity of 32 strains of lactic acid and propionic bacteria screened in cheese model and yogurt. Strain combinaison study and safety assessment led to the selection of 2 binary lactobacilli combinations (A1 and A3). Their efficiency and applicability were then evaluated in pilot-scale productions of sour cream and cheese.Challenge and shelf life tests showed that depending on the dairy product, A1 and A3 have a similar or higher antifungal activity than the commercial bioprotective cultures. In addition, depending of inoculum, A1 and A3 did not impact the technological and organoleptic characteristics. Chromatographic methods and statistical analyses allowed identifying cocktails of 2 to 17 compounds, according to the considered dairy product and culture that probably support the antifungal activity.The obtained results contribute to a better understanding of the antifungal activity action mechanisms and should lead to the development of antifungal cultures to replace preservatives in dairy products.La contamination fongique des produits laitiers est Ă  l’origine de pertes Ă©conomiques consĂ©quentes et de gaspillage alimentaire. Dans un contexte de demande pour plus de « naturalitĂ© », les cultures de bioprotection et leurs mĂ©tabolites reprĂ©sentent une alternative d’intĂ©rĂȘt aux conservateurs chimiques pour lutter contre ces contaminants.Les objectifs de cette thĂšse Ă©taient i) de sĂ©lectionner des micro-organismes prĂ©sentant une activitĂ© antifongique, pour Ă©laborer des cultures de bioprotection applicables dans des produits laitiers, et ii) d’étudier les composĂ©s potentiellement supports de l’activitĂ© antifongique observĂ©e. Dans un premier temps, l’activitĂ© antifongique de 32 souches de bactĂ©ries lactiques et propioniques a Ă©tĂ© Ă©tudiĂ©e en modĂšles « fromage » et « yaourt ». L’étude de combinaisons de souches et de leur innocuitĂ© a conduit Ă  sĂ©lectionner 2 combinaisons binaires de lactobacilles (A1 et A3). Leur efficacitĂ© et applicabilitĂ© a Ă©tĂ© Ă©valuĂ©e Ă  l’échelle pilote en fabrication de crĂšme fraĂźche et de fromage.Les challenges tests et tests d’usages ont montrĂ© que selon le produit laitier, A1 et A3 ont une activitĂ© antifongique similaire ou supĂ©rieure que les cultures bioprotectrices commerciales. Selon l’inoculum ajoutĂ©, ces cultures n’impactent pas les caractĂ©ristiques technologiques et organoleptiques des produits laitiers. Des mĂ©thodes chromatographiques des composĂ©s antifongiques suivies d’analyses statistiques ont permis de mettre en Ă©vidence des « cocktails » de 2 Ă  17 composĂ©s, selon la matrice et la culture considĂ©rĂ©e, qui sont probablement supports de l’activitĂ© antifongique.Ces travaux contribuent Ă  une meilleure comprĂ©hension des mĂ©canismes d’action de l’activitĂ© antifongique et devraient conduire au dĂ©veloppement de cultures antifongique pour remplacer les conservateurs dans les produits laitiers

    Antifungal Activity of Lactic Acid Bacteria Combinations in Dairy Mimicking Models and Their Potential as Bioprotective Cultures in Pilot Scale Applications

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    Consumer's demand for naturally preserved food products is growing and the use of bioprotective cultures is an alternative to chemical preservatives or a complementary tool to hurdle technologies to avoid or delay fungal spoilage of dairy products. To develop antifungal cultures for the dairy product biopreservation, experiments were conducted both in vitro and in situ. Firstly, the antifungal activity of 32 strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and propionibacteria was screened alone, and then on combinations based on 5 selected lactobacilli strains. This screening was performed in yogurt and cheese models against four major spoilage fungi previously isolated from contaminated dairy products (Penicillium commune, Mucor racemosus, Galactomyces geotrichum, and Yarrowia lipolytica). Selected combinations were then tested as adjunct cultures in sour cream and semi-hard cheeses produced at a pilot scale to evaluate their antifungal activity during challenge tests against selected fungal targets (P. commune, M. racemosus, and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa) and shelf life tests; and their impact on product organoleptic properties. The screening step allowed selecting two binary combinations, A1 and A3 composed of Lactobacillus plantarum L244 and either Lactobacillus harbinensis L172 or Lactobacillus rhamnosus CIRM-BIA1113, respectively. In situ assays showed that the A1 combination delayed the growth of P. commune, M. racemosus and R. mucilaginosa for 2–24 days on sour cream depending of the antifungal culture inoculum, without effect on organoleptic properties at low inoculum (106 colony-forming units (CFU)/mL). Moreover, the A1 and A3 combinations also delayed the growth of P. commune in semi-hard cheese for 1–6 days and 1 day, respectively. Antifungal cultures neither impacted the growth of starter cultures in both sour cream and cheese nor the products' pH, although post acidification was observed in sour cream supplemented with these combinations at the highest concentrations (2.107 CFU/mL). The combination of both in vitro and in situ screening assays allowed developing 2 antifungal combinations exhibiting significant antifungal activity and providing future prospects for use as bioprotective cultures in dairy products

    Production de molĂ©cules antifongiques par des bactĂ©ries levains dans les matrices laitiĂšres : Identification, mode d’action des molĂ©cules et interactions avec la matrice

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    Les protĂ©ines du lait constituent une vĂ©ritable malle au trĂ©sor. Les avancĂ©es scientifiques actuelles sur le lait mettent de plus en plus en exergue la plasticitĂ© des protĂ©ines laitiĂšres, souvent dĂ©crites comme l’or blanc du lait. La capacitĂ© de ces protĂ©ines Ă  former des assemblages aptes Ă  fonctionnaliser des interfaces, eau-huile et eau-air, pour obtenir des Ă©mulsions et des mousses ; Ă  texturer les produits ou encore Ă  vectoriser des molĂ©cules d’intĂ©rĂȘt offre un Ă©norme potentiel d’innovation. Ce potentiel s’inscrit dans la tendance du Clean Label et la crĂ©ation de nouveaux produits laitiers 100% lait.Le projet PROFIL (PROtĂ©ines FonctionnalisĂ©es pour l’Industrie LaitiĂšre) a Ă©tĂ© bĂąti sur ces extraordinaires dĂ©couvertes. Il rĂ©unit sept partenaires acadĂ©miques et un consortium de 10 industriels laitiers regroupĂ©s au sein du consortium BBA.L’objectif de la journĂ©e du 21 septembre est de partager avec les chercheurs, acadĂ©miques et industriels les rĂ©sultats marquants de PROFIL qui seront prĂ©sentĂ©s par six doctorants

    Bioprospecting for Exopolysaccharides from Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vent Bacteria: Relationship between Bacterial Diversity and Chemical Diversity

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    Many bacteria biosynthesize structurally diverse exopolysaccharides (EPS) and excrete them into their surrounding environment. The EPS functional features have found many applications in industries such as cosmetics and pharmaceutics. In particular, some EPS produced by marine bacteria are composed of uronic acids, neutral sugars, and N-acetylhexosamines, and may also bear some functional sulfate groups. This suggests that they can share common structural features with glycosaminoglycans (GAG) like the two EPS (HE800 and GY785) originating from the deep sea. In an attempt to discover new EPS that may be promising candidates as GAG-mimetics, fifty-one marine bacterial strains originating from deep-sea hydrothermal vents were screened. The analysis of the EPS chemical structure in relation to bacterial species showed that Vibrio, Alteromonas, and Pseudoalteromonas strains were the main producers. Moreover, they produced EPS with distinct structural features, which might be useful for targeting marine bacteria that could possibly produce structurally GAG-mimetic EPS

    Antifungal Microbial Agents for Food Biopreservation—A Review

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    Food spoilage is a major issue for the food industry, leading to food waste, substantialeconomic losses for manufacturers and consumers, and a negative impact on brand names.Among causes, fungal contamination can be encountered at various stages of the food chain(e.g., post-harvest, during processing or storage). Fungal development leads to food sensorydefects varying from visual deterioration to noticeable odor, flavor, or texture changes but canalso have negative health impacts via mycotoxin production by some molds. In order to avoidmicrobial spoilage and thus extend product shelf life, different treatments—including fungicidesand chemical preservatives—are used. In parallel, public authorities encourage the food industryto limit the use of these chemical compounds and develop natural methods for food preservation.This is accompanied by a strong societal demand for ‘clean label’ food products, as consumers arelooking for more natural, less severely processed and safer products. In this context, microbial agentscorresponding to bioprotective cultures, fermentates, culture-free supernatant or purified molecules,exhibiting antifungal activities represent a growing interest as an alternative to chemical preservation.This review presents the main fungal spoilers encountered in food products, the antifungalmicroorganisms tested for food bioprotection, and their mechanisms of action. A focus is madein particular on the recent in situ studies and the constraints associated with the use of antifungalmicrobial agents for food biopreservation
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