Çay ağacı ve portakal yağlarının antibakteriyel ve antifungal etkinliğinin araştırılması

06.03.2018 tarihli ve 30352 sayılı Resmi Gazetede yayımlanan “Yükseköğretim Kanunu İle Bazı Kanun Ve Kanun Hükmünde Kararnamelerde Değişiklik Yapılması Hakkında Kanun” ile 18.06.2018 tarihli “Lisansüstü Tezlerin Elektronik Ortamda Toplanması, Düzenlenmesi ve Erişime Açılmasına İlişkin Yönerge” gereğince tam metin erişime açılmıştır.GİRİŞ VE AMAÇ: Bu çalışmada çay ağacı ve portakal esansiyel yağlarının hem ayrı ayrı hem de bu iki yağ kombinasyonunun %10-100 aralığında 10 farklı dilisyon hazırlanarak bazı mikroorganizmalar üzerindeki antimikrobiyal etkinliğinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM: Çalışmada mikroorganizmalardan bakteri grubunda Escherichia coli ATCC 8739, Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14048, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633; patojen mantar grubundan ise Candida albicans ATCC 10231, Aspergillus brasiliensis ATCC 16404 kullanılmıştır. Bu çalışma için bakterilerde disk difüzyon yöntemi ve sıvı besiyeri makrodilisyon testi, mantarlarda ise yayma plak yöntemi kullanılmıştır. BULGULAR: Disk difüzyon testinde çay ağacı yağının tüm bakteriler üzerinde çalışılan dilisyonların neredeyse tamamında inhibisyon zonu oluşmuştur. Portakal yağı ve çay ağacı-portakal yağı kombinasyonunda zon oluşumu daha azdır. Yayma plak çalışmasında, çay ağacı esansiyel yağının %70 ve üstü konsantrasyonlarda daha iyi antifungal etki göstermiştir. Portakal yağında antifungal etki gözlenmemiştir. Portakal- çay ağacı yağı kombinasyonunun %60'lık konsantrasyonundan itibaren antifungal etki gözlenmiştir. Yapılan makrodilisyon testinde ise çay ağacı yağının MİK bulguları çalışılan tüm bakteriler %0,78 olarak, Portakal yağının ise E.coli'de % 25, S. aureus'da % 1,562'dir. Portakal-çay ağacı kombinasyonunun E. coli, S. typhimurium ve S. aureus üzerindeki MİK değeri % 0,78, P. aeruginosa'da ise %12,5'tir. SONUÇ: Bu sonuçlar çay ağacı ve portakal yağının çeşitli enfeksiyon hastalıklarına neden olan bazı mikroorganizmalar üzerinde inhibe edici etkisi olduğu göstermiştir.INTRODUCTION AND AIM: In this study, it was aimed to observe the antimicrobial activity of tea tree and orange essential oils both separately and in combination of these two oils on different microorganisms in 10-100 % the range of 10 different dilutions intervals. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the group of microorganisms, Escherichia coli ATCC 8739, Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14048, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633; Candida albicans ATCC 10231, Aspergillus brasiliensis ATCC 16404 was used in our study. In this study, disc diffusion method and liquid medium makrodilution test in bacteria and smear plate method in fungi were used. RESULTS: As a result of the disc diffusion test, zone formation was observed in almost all the dilutions of the tea tree oil on all the bacteria in the dilutions between 10% and 100%. No significant results were found in orange oil and tea tree-orange oil combination. C. albicans and A. brasiliensis were found to have a better antifungal effect at a concentration of 70% and higher in with tea tree essential oils. No antifungall effect in orange oil. The antifungal effect of orange oil and tea tree oil combination has been observed from 60% concentration. In the macrodilion test, MICs of tea tree oil were determined as 0,78% of all studied bacteria. The value of orange oil was found to be 25% in E. coli and 1,562% in S. aureus. Orange and tea tree oli combinations were found to be 0,78% on E. coli, S. typhimurium and S. aureus and MIC on P. aeruginosa was 12,5%. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that tea tree and orange oil have inhibition affect at some microorganizms may cause infection diseses

Leprosy Reactions

Sudden changes in immune-mediated response to Mycobacterium leprae antigen are referred to as leprosy reactions. The reactions manifest as acute inflammatory episodes rather than chronic infectious course. There are mainly two types of leprosy reactions. Type 1 reaction is associated with cellular immunity and particularly with the reaction of T helper 1 (Th1) cells to mycobacterial antigens. This reaction involves exacerbation of old lesions leading to the erythematous appearance. Type 2 reaction or erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL) is associated with humoral immunity. It is characterized by systemic symptoms along with new erythematous subcutaneous nodules

Türkiye’nin batısındaki dermatoloji hastaların alternatif ve tamamlayıcı tedavileri kullanımı

Aim:The aims of this study were to determine the use of CAM  therapies by  dermatology patients, reasons behind this use, satisfaction and information about CAM, and any side effects.Methods: This definitive research study was undertaken at the Dermatology Clinic of a training hospital in Western Turkey. A total of 297 patients, who applied to the dermatology polyclinic or who were admitted to the clinic, constitute the sample of the study. Chi-square tests were used to compare the demographic characteristics of those who did and did not use CAM. Findings: The findings indicated that 21% of the individuals, all of whom had dermatological ailments, used the CAM method. The CAM was most commonly applied by individuals with dermatological ailments such as pruritis (35.5%), acne (17.7%) and alopecia (14.5%). Almost all patients herbs were used intensively. After the use of herbs, the most used method was prayer (16.2%). More than the half of the patients using alternative therapies (75.8%) reportedly did not discuss the use of CAM with their healthcare professionals. Conclusions: Physicians and nurses could play a role in informing patients about the benefits and risks of using the CAM. Further studies and detailed examination of the beneficial and harmful effects of each method are necessary to provide more extensive and useful information on CAM methods.Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amaçları; dermatoloji hastaları tarafından TAT tedavilerinin kullanımı, bunları kullanma nedenleri, memnuniyetleri ve hastaların TAT tedavileri hakkındaki bilgi düzeyi ile diğer yan etkilerini tanımlamaktır.Yöntem: Bu tanımlayıcı araştırma, Türkiye'nin batısındaki bir eğitim hastanesindeki dermatoloji kliniğinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmanın örneklemini, dermatoloji polikliniğine başvuran veya klinikte yatmakta olan toplam 297 hasta oluşturmuştur. TAT tedavilerini kullanan ve kullanmayan hastaların demografik verilerini karşılaştırmak için ki-kare testleri kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Bulgular, dermatoloji hastalarının %21'inin TAT tedavilerini kullandığını göstermektedir. TAT tedavilerini büyük çoğunlukla kaşıntı (%35.5), akne (%17.7) ve alopesi (%14.5) gibi dermatoloji hastalığı olan bireyler kullanmaktadır. Bu yöntemi kullanan hemen hemen bütün hastalar yoğun olarak bitkisel kaynaklı terapileri kullanmaktadır. Bitkilerin kullanımından sonra en çok kullanılan yöntemin "dua etme" (%16.2) yöntemi olduğu saptanmıştır. TAT tedavilerini kullanan hastaların yarısından fazlasının bu yöntemleri kullandığını sağlık profesyonelleri ile paylaşmadıkları belirlenmiştir.Sonuç: Hekimler ve hemşireler TAT tedavilerinin kullanımı konusundaki riskler ve yararları hakkında önemli bir rol oynamaktadırlar. TAT tedavileri hakkındaki kullanışlı ve daha yaygın verilerin sağlanması için, her metodun yararlı ve zararlı etkilerinin ayrıntılı incelenmesi ve bu konuya ilişkin daha çok çalışmanın yapılması gereklidir

KORONER ARTER HASTALIĞININ BELİRLEYİCISI OLARAK PENIL DOPPLER ULTRASONOGRAFİ İLE SAPTANAN KAVERNOZ ARTER STENOZU: OLGU SUNUMU

An association between Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) and Erectile Dysfunction (ED) has been described. We aimed to show that cavernous artery stenosis may be an important predictor of a silent but serious CAD. A 56-year-old man who had moderate ED was evaluated for risk factors. He had several vascular risk factors for ED and CAD including age, smoking, hypertension, hyperhomocysteinemia and hyperlipidemia. His penile colour Doppler ultrasonography revealed multiple stenotic area in the right cavernous artery. His treadmill exercise test showed significant changes. Then, coronary angiography was performed and it showed the patient had doublevessel CAD. Findings of atherosclerotic plaques in cavernosal arteries with penile Doppler ultrasonography may be address subclinical coronary artery stenosis in patients with ED. Koroner arter hastalığı ile erektil disfonksiyon arasındaki ilişki belirgindir. Bu yazıda kavernozal arter darlığının sessiz fakat ciddi koroner arter hastalığını gösterebileceğinin ortaya konulması amaçlandı. Orta şiddette erektil disfonksiyon yakınması olan 56 yaşındaki hasta risk faktörleri açısından değerlendirildi. Hastanın yaş, sigara, hipertansiyon, hiperhomosisteinemi ve hiperlipidemi olmak üzere çok sayıda vasküler risk faktörü vardı. Penil Doppler ultrasonografide sağ kavernozal arterde çok sayıda darlık saptandı. Treadmill egzersiz testinde belirgin değişiklikleri olan hastanın yapılan koroner anjiografisinde iki damarda stenoz saptandı. Erektil disfonksiyonlu hastalarda penil Doppler ultrasonografi ile kavernozal arterlerde saptanan aterosklerotik plaklar subklinik koroner arter hastalığı habercisi olabilir

Clinical biochemistry laboratory rejection rates due to various types of preanalytical errors

Introduction: Preanalytical errors, along the process from the beginning of test requests to the admissions of the specimens to the laboratory, cause the rejection of samples. The aim of this study was to better explain the reasons of rejected samples, regarding to their rates in certain test groups in our laboratory. Materials and methods: This preliminary study was designed on the rejected samples in one-year period, based on the rates and types of inappropriateness. Test requests and blood samples of clinical chemistry, immunoassay, hematology, glycated hemoglobin, coagulation and erythrocyte sedimentation rate test units were evaluated. Types of inappropriateness were evaluated as follows: improperly labelled samples, hemolysed, clotted specimen, insufficient volume of specimen and total request errors. Results: A total of 5,183,582 test requests from 1,035,743 blood collection tubes were considered. The total rejection rate was 0.65 %. The rejection rate of coagulation group was significantly higher (2.28%) than the other test groups (P < 0.001) including insufficient volume of specimen error rate as 1.38%. Rejection rates of hemolysis, clotted specimen and insufficient volume of sample error were found to be 8%, 24% and 34%, respectively. Total request errors, particularly, for unintelligible requests were 32% of the total for inpatients. Conclusions: The errors were especially attributable to unintelligible requests of inappropriate test requests, improperly labelled samples for inpatients and blood drawing errors especially due to insufficient volume of specimens in a coagulation test group. Further studies should be performed after corrective and preventive actions to detect a possible decrease in rejecting sample

Does Male Factor Infertility Affect Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection Pregnancy Results?

Objective: Male infertility has conflicting results in assisted reproductive technology (ART). In this study we aimed to investigate whether male factor infertility affect intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) outcomes and pregnancy results in ICSI cycles. Materials and Methods: A total of 1118 ICSI cycles from January 2007 through November 2014 were analyzed retrospectively:596 patients that were treated for male factor infertility, and 522 patients for tubal or unexplained infertility were included in the study. It was investigated whether sperm count has any effect on fertilization and implantation rates. Also the results of embryo quality and pregnancy were compared with the groups. Results: In both groups there was no difference between the numbers of collected oocytes and mature oocytes. Although there was a higher fertilization rate in the control group, no significant difference was spotted between fertilization failure and embryo developmental arrest in groups (P = 0.07 vs P = 0.4, respectively). Between groups, there were no statistically significant differences according to the clinical pregnancy rate per transfer and live birth rates (P = 0.3 vs P = 0.5, respectively). The risk of preterm birth in the infertile male group was significantly higher (P < 0.007). When the patients whom sperm was obtained with surgery were compared with oligozoospermic patients with ejaculated sperm, no significant difference between the implantation rates and clinical pregnancy rates was found (P = 0.1 vs P = 0.3, respectively). Conclusion: The patients who underwent ICSI due to male factor and tubal-unexplained infertility showed no difference according to fertilization, implantation and clinical pregnancy rates. The good quality of sperm retrieved from surgery indicated positive effects on the clinical results

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SERUM PROTEIN S-100B, NSE AND NITRIC OXIDE LEVELS AND COGNITIVE FUNCTIONS OF PATIENTS FOLLOWING CARDIOVASCULAR SURGERY

Amaç: Her yıl dünyada birçok insan kardiyovasküler cerrahi geçirmektedir. Koroner arterby-pass grafting ameliyatında cerrahi tekniklerdeki ilerleme sonucunda yüksek risk grubundakihastalar da (hipertansiyon ve diyabet gibi) ameliyata alınabilmektedir. Yüksek riskgrubundaki ve ileri yaştaki hastalara CABG uygulanması beraberinde nörolojikkomplikasyonları da getirmiştir. Ortaya çıkan nörolojik sorunlar inme, ameliyat sonrasıdeliryum, bilişsel bozukluklar ve depresyondur. Bu nedenle ilgi son yıllarda kalbin ameliyatsonrası durumu yerine CABG'nin beyin üzerine de olan etkilerine kaymıştır.Gereç ve yöntem: Çalışmamıza CABG ve valf replasmanı geçiren 24 olgu alındı. Buolgularda serebral hasarı göstermek amacı ile gliadan salınan S-100B protein, nöronlardansalınan nöron spesifik enolaz ve iskemi patofizyolojisinde birçok fonksiyonu olan nitrik oksiddüzeyleri ölçüldü. Ayrıca hastaların bilişsel fonksiyonlarını ölçen nöropsikolojik testleruygulandı. Bu amaçla CABG ve VR ameliyatı geçiren 24 olgudan ameliyat öncesi veameliyattan sonra 1., 6. ve 24. saatler ve 3. ve 7. günlerde venöz kan alınarak S-100Bprotein, NSE ve NO düzeyleri ölçüldü. Nöropsikolojik testler ameliyattan önce ve ameliyatsonrası 3. ve 7. günlerde uygulandı.Bulgular: Nöropsikolojik testler sonucunda 8 olguda bilişsel fonksiyon kaybı saptandı. Buolgularda ameliyat sonrası 1. ve 6. saatteki S-100B protein düzeyleri, perfüzyon zamanı veolguların yaş ortalaması bilişsel kayıp saptanmayan grupla karşılaştırıldığında anlamlıyüksek bulundu. NSE, VR grubunda ameliyattan sonra 7.gün ameliyat öncesi değerleregöre anlamlı yüksek bulundu ancak bunun bilişsel fonksiyon kaybıyla bir bağlantısı saptanmadı.Ameliyat öncesi ve ameliyat sonrası NO düzeylerinde ise anlamlı fark bulunmadı.Sonuç: CABG hastaları içinde yaş ortalaması yüksek ve perfüzyon zamanı uzun olanlardabilişsel fonksiyon kaybı daha fazla görülmektedir. Artan serum S-100B protein düzeyleriserebral etkilenme ve buna bağlı bilişsel fonksiyon kaybı ile koreledir.Objective: Every year, many people undergo cardiovasculary surgery in the world. Due toimprovements in coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) tecniques, patients in high risk group such as patients withhypertension or diabetes mellitus areadmitted to operation frequently. But itshould be kept in mind remember thatin the high risk group of patients andalso in advanced age groups, CABG cause many neurological complications like stroke,postoperative delirium, depression, cognitive decline etc. Because of these problems, theeffect of CABG on the brain functions gain more importance with respect to effects onpostoperative heart status last years.Material and method: In our study, 24 cases undergoing CABG and valve replacementwere invastigated. Neuron-specific enolase released from neurons, protein S-100B releasedfrom glial cells and nitric oxide that known to have many functions in ischemia were studiedin these cases to show cerebral effects of these operations. Also neuropsychological testusing for assesment of cognitive functions were performed. We analysed protein S-100B,NSE, NO concentrations in serial venous blood samples taken preoperatively and 1, 6, 24 hand 3, 7 days postoperatively in 24 patients undergoing VR or CABG surgery.Neuropsychological tests were performed preoperatively, and 3. and 7 days after surgery.Results: After performing of neuropsychological tests, cognitive decline was seen in 8cases. Protein S-100B levels at postoperative 1. and 6. hours and also the mean levels ofage and perfusion times were significantly higher in these cases. NSE levels weresignificantly higher in VR group at postoperative7. days with respect to preoperative levelsalso. However there was no significant differance between preoperative and postoperativeNO levels.Conclusions: Cognitive decline is seen in CABG patients with advanced age and withlong perfusion time frequently. Increased protein S-100B levels in these patients arecorrelated with cerebral influence which cause distrubtion in cognitive functions

Radiation Safety Procedures For Non-Radiation Workers in Case of Application Radionuclide Therapy in the Dialysis Patients

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Outcome of COVID-19 in Patients With Autoimmune Hepatitis: An International Multicenter Study

Background and Aims: Data regarding outcome of COVID-19 in patients with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) are lacking. Approach and Results: We performed a retrospective study on patients with AIH and COVID-19 from 34 centers in Europe and the Americas. We analyzed factors associated with severe COVID-19 outcomes, defined as the need for mechanical ventilation, intensive care admission, and/or death. The outcomes of patients with AIH were compared to a propensity score?matched cohort of patients without AIH but with chronic liver diseases (CLD) and COVID-19. The frequency and clinical significance of new-onset liver injury (alanine aminotransferase > 2 × the upper limit of normal) during COVID-19 was also evaluated. We included 110 patients with AIH (80% female) with a median age of 49 (range, 18-85) years at COVID-19 diagnosis. New-onset liver injury was observed in 37.1% (33/89) of the patients. Use of antivirals was associated with liver injury (P = 0.041; OR, 3.36; 95% CI, 1.05-10.78), while continued immunosuppression during COVID-19 was associated with a lower rate of liver injury (P = 0.009; OR, 0.26; 95% CI, 0.09-0.71). The rates of severe COVID-19 (15.5% versus 20.2%, P = 0.231) and all-cause mortality (10% versus 11.5%, P = 0.852) were not different between AIH and non-AIH CLD. Cirrhosis was an independent predictor of severe COVID-19 in patients with AIH (P < 0.001; OR, 17.46; 95% CI, 4.22-72.13). Continuation of immunosuppression or presence of liver injury during COVID-19 was not associated with severe COVID-19. Conclusions: This international, multicenter study reveals that patients with AIH were not at risk for worse outcomes with COVID-19 than other causes of CLD. Cirrhosis was the strongest predictor for severe COVID-19 in patients with AIH. Maintenance of immunosuppression during COVID-19 was not associated with increased risk for severe COVID-19 but did lower the risk for new-onset liver injury during COVID-19.Fil: Efe, Cumali. Harran University Hospital; TurquíaFil: Dhanasekaran, Renumathy. University of Stanford; Estados UnidosFil: Lammert, Craig. University School of Medicine; Estados UnidosFil: Ebik, Berat. Gazi Yaşargil Education and Research Hospital; TurquíaFil: Higuera de la Tijera, Fatima. Hospital General de México; MéxicoFil: Aloman, Costica. Rush University Medical Center; Estados UnidosFil: Rıza Calışkan, Ali. Adıyaman University; TurquíaFil: Peralta, Mirta. Latin American Liver Research Educational And Awareness Network; Argentina. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital de Infecciosas "Dr. Francisco Javier Muñiz"; ArgentinaFil: Gerussi, Alessio. University of Milano Bicocca; Italia. San Gerardo Hospital; ItaliaFil: Massoumi, Hatef. Montefiore Medical Center; Estados UnidosFil: Catana, Andreea M.. Harvard Medical School; Estados UnidosFil: Torgutalp, Murat. Universitätsmedizin Berlin; AlemaniaFil: Purnak, Tugrul. McGovern Medical School; Estados UnidosFil: Rigamonti, Cristina. Azienda Ospedaliera Maggiore Della Carita Di Novara; Italia. Università del Piemonte Orientale; ItaliaFil: Gomez Aldana, Andres Jose. Universidad de los Andes; ColombiaFil: Khakoo, Nidah. University of Miami; Estados UnidosFil: Kacmaz, Hüseyin. Adıyaman University; TurquíaFil: Nazal, Leyla. Clínica Las Condes; ChileFil: Frager, Shalom. Montefiore Medical Center; Estados UnidosFil: Demir, Nurhan. Haseki Training and Research Hospita; TurquíaFil: Irak, Kader. SBU Kanuni Sultan Süleyman Training and Research Hospital; TurquíaFil: Ellik, Zeynep Melekoğlu. Ankara University Medical Faculty; TurquíaFil: Balaban, Yasemin. Hacettepe University; TurquíaFil: Atay, Kadri. Mardin State Hospital; TurquíaFil: Eren, Fatih. Ordu State Hospital; TurquíaFil: Cristoferi, Laura. University of Milano Bicocca; Italia. San Gerardo Hospital; ItaliaFil: Batibay, Ersin. Harran University Hospital; TurquíaFil: Urzua, Álvaro. Universidad de Chile. Facultad de Medicina.; ChileFil: Snijders, Romee. Radboud University Medical Center; Países BajosFil: Ridruejo, Ezequiel. Latin American Liver Research Educational and Awareness Network; Argentina. Cerrahpaşa School of Medicine; Turquía. Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas "Norberto Quirno"; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Volume CXIV, Number 4, November 7, 1996

Objective: Turner syndrome (TS) is a chromosomal disorder caused by complete or partial X chromosome monosomy that manifests various clinical features depending on the karyotype and on the genetic background of affected girls. This study aimed to systematically investigate the key clinical features of TS in relationship to karyotype in a large pediatric Turkish patient population.Methods: Our retrospective study included 842 karyotype-proven TS patients aged 0-18 years who were evaluated in 35 different centers in Turkey in the years 2013-2014.Results: The most common karyotype was 45,X (50.7%), followed by 45,X/46,XX (10.8%), 46,X,i(Xq) (10.1%) and 45,X/46,X,i(Xq) (9.5%). Mean age at diagnosis was 10.2±4.4 years. The most common presenting complaints were short stature and delayed puberty. Among patients diagnosed before age one year, the ratio of karyotype 45,X was significantly higher than that of other karyotype groups. Cardiac defects (bicuspid aortic valve, coarctation of the aorta and aortic stenosis) were the most common congenital anomalies, occurring in 25% of the TS cases. This was followed by urinary system anomalies (horseshoe kidney, double collector duct system and renal rotation) detected in 16.3%. Hashimoto's thyroiditis was found in 11.1% of patients, gastrointestinal abnormalities in 8.9%, ear nose and throat problems in 22.6%, dermatologic problems in 21.8% and osteoporosis in 15.3%. Learning difficulties and/or psychosocial problems were encountered in 39.1%. Insulin resistance and impaired fasting glucose were detected in 3.4% and 2.2%, respectively. Dyslipidemia prevalence was 11.4%.Conclusion: This comprehensive study systematically evaluated the largest group of karyotype-proven TS girls to date. The karyotype distribution, congenital anomaly and comorbidity profile closely parallel that from other countries and support the need for close medical surveillance of these complex patients throughout their lifespa