Nonlocal First-Order Hamilton-Jacobi Equations Modelling Dislocations Dynamics

We study nonlocal first-order equations arising in the theory of dislocations. We prove the existence and uniqueness of the solutions of these equations in the case of positive and negative velocities, under suitable regularity assumptions on the initial data and the velocity. These results are based on new $L^1$-type estimates on the viscosity solutions of first-order Hamilton-Jacobi Equations appearing in the so-called ``level-sets approach''. Our work is inspired by and simplifies a recent work of Alvarez, Cardaliaguet and Monneau

Statistical Modelling of Fishing Activities in the North Atlantic

This paper deals with the issue of modeling daily catches of fishing boats in the Grand Bank fishing grounds. We have data on catches per species for a number of vessels collected by the European Union in the context of the North Atlantic Fisheries Organization. Many variables can be thought to influence the amount caught: a number of ship characteristics (such as the size of the ship, the fishing technique used, the mesh size of the nets, etc.), are obvious candidates, but one can also consider the season or the actual location of the catch. In all, our database leads to 23 possible regressors, resulting in a set of 8:4£106 possible linear regression models. Prediction of future catches and posterior inference will be based on Bayesian model averaging, using a Markov Chain Monte Carlo Model Composition (MC3) approach. Particular attention is paid to the elicitation of the prior and the prediction of catch for single and aggregated observations.

A Novel Internet-Based Reaction Monitoring, Control and Autonomous Self-Optimization Platform for Chemical Synthesis

We have developed a modular software system that enables researchers to monitor and control chemical reactions via the internet, using any device from any location in the world. It facilitates the automation of synthetic procedures and is able to autonomously self-optimize reaction parameters to find the best conditions meeting customizable, multi-component optimization functions. In this report, we demonstrate its utility as applied to reaction automation to maximize the output from a fixed volume of catalyst. We also showcase its ability to optimize a three dimension heterogeneous catalytic reaction and a five dimension Appel reaction against various target functions.We are grateful to the Woolf Fisher Trust (D.E.F), Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development (C.B.) and EPSRC (S.V.L., grant codes EP/K009494/1, EP/M004120/1 and EP/K039520/1) for financial assistance.This is the final version of the article. It was first available from American Chemical Society via http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.oprd.5b0031

Expression profiling of snoRNAs in normal hematopoiesis and AML

Key Points A subset of snoRNAs is expressed in a developmental- and lineage-specific manner during human hematopoiesis. Neither host gene expression nor alternative splicing accounted for the observed differential expression of snoRNAs in a subset of AML.</jats:p

Detecting the direction of a signal on high-dimensional spheres: Non-null and Le Cam optimality results

We consider one of the most important problems in directional statistics, namely the problem of testing the null hypothesis that the spike direction $\theta$ of a Fisher-von Mises-Langevin distribution on the $p$-dimensional unit hypersphere is equal to a given direction $\theta_0$. After a reduction through invariance arguments, we derive local asymptotic normality (LAN) results in a general high-dimensional framework where the dimension $p_n$ goes to infinity at an arbitrary rate with the sample size $n$, and where the concentration $\kappa_n$ behaves in a completely free way with $n$, which offers a spectrum of problems ranging from arbitrarily easy to arbitrarily challenging ones. We identify various asymptotic regimes, depending on the convergence/divergence properties of $(\kappa_n)$, that yield different contiguity rates and different limiting experiments. In each regime, we derive Le Cam optimal tests under specified $\kappa_n$ and we compute, from the Le Cam third lemma, asymptotic powers of the classical Watson test under contiguous alternatives. We further establish LAN results with respect to both spike direction and concentration, which allows us to discuss optimality also under unspecified $\kappa_n$. To investigate the non-null behavior of the Watson test outside the parametric framework above, we derive its local asymptotic powers through martingale CLTs in the broader, semiparametric, model of rotationally symmetric distributions. A Monte Carlo study shows that the finite-sample behaviors of the various tests remarkably agree with our asymptotic results.Comment: 47 pages, 4 figure

Total synthesis and biological evaluation of the tetramic acid based natural product harzianic acid and its stereoisomers

Financial support for this project was provided by Cancer Research UK (Grant No. C21383/A6950)The bioactive natural product harzianic acid was prepared for the first time in just six steps (longest linear sequence) with an overall yield of 22%. The identification of conditions to telescope amide bond formation and a Lacey-Dieckmann reaction into one pot proved important. The three stereoisomers of harzianic acid were also prepared, providing material for comparison of their biological activity. While all of the isomers promoted root growth, improved antifungal activity was unexpectedly associated with isomers in the enantiomeric series opposite that of harzianic acid.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

The reaction 2H(p,pp)n in three kinematical configurations at E_p = 16 MeV

We measured the cross sections of the $^2$H(p,pp)n breakup reaction at E$_p$=16 MeV in three kinematical configurations: the np final-state interaction (FSI), the co-planar star (CST), and an intermediate-star (IST) geometry. The cross sections are compared with theoretical predictions based on the CD Bonn potential alone and combined with the updated 2$\pi$-exchange Tucson-Melbourne three-nucleon force (TM99'), calculated without inclusion of the Coulomb interaction. The resulting excellent agreement between data and pure CD Bonn predictions in the FSI testifies to the smallness of three-nucleon force (3NF) effects as well as the insignificance of the Coulomb force for this particular configuration and energy. The CST also agrees well whereas the IST results show small deviations between measurements and theory seen before in the pd breakup space-star geometries which point to possible Coulomb effects. An additional comparison with EFT predictions (without 3NF) up to order N$^3$LO shows excellent agreement in the FSI case and a rather similar agreement as for CD Bonn in the CST and IST situations.Comment: 20 pages, 11 figure

Monocyte phenotypes: when local education counts

Monocytes are a heterogeneous population of phagocytic cells that are generated in the bone marrow and released into the bloodstream. There are two main monocyte subsets in mice: “inflammatory” monocytes that are Ly6Chi CCR2hi CX3 CR1low and “alternative” or “patrolling” monocytes that are Ly6Clow CCR2low CX3 CR1hi. The process of monocyte recruitment and differentiation is still a matter of controversy. In this issue, Dal-Secco et al. report in situ monocyte reprogramming in the liver, from proinflammatory CCR2hi CX3 CR1low cells into reparative CCR2low CX3 CR1hi cells and show, for the first time, that this occurs at the site of injury.Fil: Quintar, Amado Alfredo. la Jolla Institute For Allergy And Immunology; Estados Unidos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Hedrick, Catherine C. . la Jolla Institute For Allergy And Immunology; Estados UnidosFil: Ley, Klaus. la Jolla Institute For Allergy And Immunology; Estados Unido