2,595 research outputs found
'Unlicensed' natural killer cells dominate the response to cytomegalovirus infection.
Natural killer (NK) cells expressing inhibitory receptors that bind to self major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I are 'licensed', or rendered functionally more responsive to stimulation, whereas 'unlicensed' NK cells lacking receptors for self MHC class I are hyporesponsive. Here we show that contrary to the licensing hypothesis, unlicensed NK cells were the main mediators of NK cell-mediated control of mouse cytomegalovirus infection in vivo. Depletion of unlicensed NK cells impaired control of viral titers, but depletion of licensed NK cells did not. The transfer of unlicensed NK cells was more protective than was the transfer of licensed NK cells. Signaling by the tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1 limited the proliferation of licensed NK cells but not that of unlicensed NK cells during infection. Thus, unlicensed NK cells are critical for protection against viral infection
Communications Biophysics
Contains reports on two research projects.National Institutes of Health (Grant 5 P01 GM14940-05
Synthesis and Characterisation of Lanthanide N-Trimethylsilyl and -Mesityl Functionalised Bis(iminophosphorano)methanides and -Methanediides
We report the extension of the series of {BIPMTMSH}ā (BIPMR = C{PPh2NR}2, TMS = trimethylsilyl) derived rare earth methanides by the preparation of [Ln(BIPMTMSH)(I)2(THF)] (Ln = Nd, Gd, Tb), 1aāc, in 34ā50% crystalline yields via the reaction of [Ln(I)3(THF)3.5] with [Cs(BIPMTMSH)]. Similarly, we have extended the range of {BIPMMesH}ā (Mes = 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl) derived rare earth methanides with the preparation of [Gd(BIPMMesH)(I)2(THF)2], 3, (49%) and [Yb(BIPMMesH)(I)2(THF)], 4, (26%), via the reaction of [Ln(I)3(THF)3.5] with [{K(BIPMMesH)}2]. Attempts to prepare dysprosium and erbium analogues of 3 or 4 were not successful, with the ion pair species [Ln(BIPMMesH)2][BIPMMesH] (Ln Ā = Dy, Er), 5aāb, isolated in 31ā39% yield. The TMEDA (N',N',N",N"-tetramethylethylenediamine) adducts [Ln(BIPMMesH)(I)2(TMEDA)] (Ln = La, Gd), 6aāb, were prepared in quantitative yield via the dissolution of [La(BIPMMesH)(I)2(THF)] or 3 in a TMEDA/THF solution. The reactions of [Ln(BIPMMesH)(I)2(THF)] [LnĀ = La, Ce, Pr, and Gd (3)] or 6aāb with a selection of bases did not afford [La(BIPMMes)(I)(S)n] (S = solvent) as predicted, but instead led to the isolation of the heteroleptic complexes [Ln(BIPMMes)(BIPMMesH)] (Ln = La, Ce, Pr and Gd), 7aād, in low yields due to ligand scrambling
Exploring Mechanisms for ModelāDependency of the Stratospheric Response to Arctic Warming
The Arctic is estimated to have warmed up to four times faster than the rest of the globe since the 1980s. There is significant interest in understanding the mechanisms by which such warming may impact weather and climate at lower latitudes. One such mechanism is the āstratospheric pathwayā; Arctic warming is proposed to induce a waveādriven weakening of the stratospheric polar vortex, which may subsequently impact largeāscale tropospheric circulation. However, recent comprehensive model studies have found systematic differences in both the magnitude and sign of the stratospheric response to Arctic warming. Using a series of idealized model simulations, we show that this response is sensitive to characteristics of the warming and mean polar vortex strength. In all simulations, imposed polar warming amplifies upward wave propagation from the troposphere, consistent with comprehensive models. However, as polar warming strength and depth increases, the region through which waves can propagate is narrowed, inducing wave breaking and deceleration of the flow in the lower stratosphere. Thus, the midāstratosphere is less affected, with reduced sudden stratospheric warming frequency for stronger and deeper warming compared to weaker and shallower warming. We also find that the sign of the stratospheric response depends on the mean strength of the vortex, and that the stratospheric response in turn plays a role in the magnitude of the tropospheric jet response. Our results help explain the spread across multimodel ensembles of comprehensive climate models
An inverted-sandwich diuranium Ī¼-Ī·5:Ī·5-cyclo-P5 complex supported by U-P5 Ī“-bonding
Reaction of [U(TrenTIPS)] [1, TrenTIPS=N(CH2CH2NSiiPr3)3] with 0.25ā
equivalents of P4 reproducibly affords the unprecedented actinide inverted sandwich cyclo-P5 complex [{U(TrenTIPS)}2(Ī¼-Ī·5:Ī·5-cyclo-P5)] (2). All prior examples of cyclo-P5 are stabilized by d-block metals, so 2 shows that cyclo-P5 does not require d-block ions to be prepared. Although cyclo-P5 is isolobal to cyclopentadienyl, which usually bonds to metals via Ļ- and Ļ-interactions with minimal Ī“-bonding, theoretical calculations suggest the principal bonding in the U(P5)U unit is polarized Ī“-bonding. Surprisingly, the characterization data are overall consistent with charge transfer from uranium to the cyclo-P5 unit to give a cyclo-P5 charge state that approximates to a dianionic formulation. This is ascribed to the larger size and superior acceptor character of cyclo-P5 compared to cyclopentadienyl, the strongly reducing nature of uranium(III), and the availability of uranium Ī“-symmetry 5f orbitals
Exploring Mechanisms for ModelāDependency of the Stratospheric Response to Arctic Warming
The Arctic is estimated to have warmed up to four times faster than the rest of the globe since the 1980s. There is significant interest in understanding the mechanisms by which such warming may impact weather and climate at lower latitudes. One such mechanism is the āstratospheric pathwayā; Arctic warming is proposed to induce a waveādriven weakening of the stratospheric polar vortex, which may subsequently impact largeāscale tropospheric circulation. However, recent comprehensive model studies have found systematic differences in both the magnitude and sign of the stratospheric response to Arctic warming. Using a series of idealized model simulations, we show that this response is sensitive to characteristics of the warming and mean polar vortex strength. In all simulations, imposed polar warming amplifies upward wave propagation from the troposphere, consistent with comprehensive models. However, as polar warming strength and depth increases, the region through which waves can propagate is narrowed, inducing wave breaking and deceleration of the flow in the lower stratosphere. Thus, the midāstratosphere is less affected, with reduced sudden stratospheric warming frequency for stronger and deeper warming compared to weaker and shallower warming. We also find that the sign of the stratospheric response depends on the mean strength of the vortex, and that the stratospheric response in turn plays a role in the magnitude of the tropospheric jet response. Our results help explain the spread across multimodel ensembles of comprehensive climate models
Synthesis and characterization of an fāblock terminal parent imido [U=NH] complex: a masked uranium(IV) nitride
Deprotonation of [U(TrenTIPS)(NH2)] (1) [TrenTIPS = N(CH2CH2NSiPri3)3] with organoalkali metal reagents MR (M = Li, R = But; M = NaāCs, R = CH2C6H5) afforded the imido-bridged dimers [{U-(TrenTIPS)(Ī¼-N[H]M)}2] [M = L āCs (2aāe)]. Treatmentof 2c (M = K) with 2 equiv of 15 crown-5 ether (15C5) afforded the uranium terminal parent imido complex [U(TrenTIPS)(NH)][K(15C5)2] (3c), which can also be viewed as a masked uranium(IV) nitride. The uraniumāimido linkage was found to be essentially linear, and theoretical calculations suggested Ļ2Ļ4 polarized UāN multiple bonding. Attempts to oxidize 3c to afford the neutral uranium terminal parent imido complex [U(TrenTIPS)(NH)] (4) resulted in spontaneous disproportionation to give 1 and the uraniumānitride complex [U(TrenTIPS)(N)] (5); this reaction is a new way to prepare the terminal uraniumānitride linkage and was calculated to be exothermic by ā3.25 kcal molā1
The Otterbein Miscellany - December 1976
https://digitalcommons.otterbein.edu/miscellany/1020/thumbnail.jp
Isolation of elusive HAsAsH in a crystalline diuranium(IV) complex
The HAsAsH molecule has hitherto only been proposed tentatively as a short-lived species generated in electrochemical or microwave-plasma experiments. After two centuries of inconclusive or disproven claims of HAsAsH formation in the condensed phase, we report the isolation and structural authentication of HAsAsH in the diuranium(IV) complex [{U(TrenTIPS)}2(Ī¼-Ī·2:Ī·2-As2H2)] (3, TrenTIPS=N(CH2CH2NSiPri3)3; Pri=CH(CH3)2). Complex 3 was prepared by deprotonation and oxidative homocoupling of an arsenide precursor. Characterization and computational data are consistent with back-bonding-type interactions from uranium to the HAsAsH Ļ*-orbital. This experimentally confirms the theoretically predicted excellent Ļ-acceptor character of HAsAsH, and is tantamount to full reduction to the diarsane-1,2-diide form
- ā¦