A Project Study of the Brooding and Rearing of Four Hundred Barred Plymouth Rock Chicks

In the broad and scientific field of poultry production, there are certain phases that have proved to be problems to the average poultryman. The object, or purpose, of this treatise is to enlarge upon or bring to the attention of those who are interested in poultry, this phase of brooding and rearing so that they might be benefited by such information. It is quite impossible to cover everything on this phase; however, those things that are considered most important by the writer are treated through the careful conducting of this project in brooding and rearing. The four hundred Barred Plymouth Rock chicks used in this project were obtained at a day old from Waller, Texas Hatcheries at the price of $32.00. This cost factor should be considered, as the cost of chicks are important for the economical aspects of poultry brooding can never be left out completely. In order to furnish an adequate background for the reader, it is quite necessary that the two methods of brooding be mentioned. They are: natural and artificial brooding. Natural brooding is that brooding that is accomplished through the use of hens, and when only a few chickens are raised, the simplest method to brood is with hens. When the weather is cold, an average sized hen can brood from fifteen to eighteen chickens, but in warm weather the same hen can brood from twenty to twenty-five chickens. Artificial brooding is that brooding which is accomplished by means of some heat-supplying device other than that heat supplied by the hen. Artificial brooding is recommended for practically all poultry raisers, especially where considerable numbers of chicks are to be raised. The use of a brooder reduces the amount of labor required in brooding chicks and is more economical when a hundred or more chicks are raised annually. Also, when chicks are hatched in incubators, or when day-old chicks are bought from a commercial hatchery, the brooding of chicks with brooders is a practical necessity. Brooders may be classified as follows: lamp brooders, holding from 25 to 100 chicks; electric brooders of various sizes, accommodating from 50 to 500 chicks; stove brooders heated by coal, kerosene, or distillate oil with a capacity varying from 200 to 1,000 chicks; hot water pipe systems, the capacity of which is unlimited; battery brooders especially designed for brooding chicks in confinement1, and the gas brooder, the type which was used in this project. It is hoped that the information revealed and the conclusion reached will be remembered as one of the many contributing efforts to make the field of poultry more simple and easily accessible to those who are striving to be successful in poultry production. 1 Poultry Husbandry - Jul

Prognostic model to predict postoperative acute kidney injury in patients undergoing major gastrointestinal surgery based on a national prospective observational cohort study.

Background: Acute illness, existing co-morbidities and surgical stress response can all contribute to postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients undergoing major gastrointestinal surgery. The aim of this study was prospectively to develop a pragmatic prognostic model to stratify patients according to risk of developing AKI after major gastrointestinal surgery. Methods: This prospective multicentre cohort study included consecutive adults undergoing elective or emergency gastrointestinal resection, liver resection or stoma reversal in 2-week blocks over a continuous 3-month period. The primary outcome was the rate of AKI within 7 days of surgery. Bootstrap stability was used to select clinically plausible risk factors into the model. Internal model validation was carried out by bootstrap validation. Results: A total of 4544 patients were included across 173 centres in the UK and Ireland. The overall rate of AKI was 14·2 per cent (646 of 4544) and the 30-day mortality rate was 1·8 per cent (84 of 4544). Stage 1 AKI was significantly associated with 30-day mortality (unadjusted odds ratio 7·61, 95 per cent c.i. 4·49 to 12·90; P < 0·001), with increasing odds of death with each AKI stage. Six variables were selected for inclusion in the prognostic model: age, sex, ASA grade, preoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate, planned open surgery and preoperative use of either an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or an angiotensin receptor blocker. Internal validation demonstrated good model discrimination (c-statistic 0·65). Discussion: Following major gastrointestinal surgery, AKI occurred in one in seven patients. This preoperative prognostic model identified patients at high risk of postoperative AKI. Validation in an independent data set is required to ensure generalizability

ANTICANDIDA ANTIBODY-LEVELS IN PSORIASIS-VULGARIS

We present a design methodology for the construction of parallel programs that is deadlock free, Provided that the "components" of the program are constructed according to a set of locally applied rules. In our model, a parallel program is a set of processes and a set of events. Each event is shared by two processes only and each process progresses cyclically. Events are distinguished as input and output events with respect to their two participating processes. On each cycle a process must complete all output events that it offers to the environment, be prepared to accept any, and accept at least one, of its input events before completing any computations and starting a new cycle. We show that however the events are distributed among the processes, the program is deadlock free