The Role of Communication in Military Leadership

The aim of the paper is to discuss the role of communication in military leadership. First of all, basic terms related to communication, command and military leadership are explained. In the following parts of the paper it is intended to answer the question contained in the title: what is the role of communication in the military leadership? To precise the issue: is the role of communication in military organisations similar to civilian leadership and management or does it significantly differ?  

Radioiodine remnant ablation of differentiated thyroid cancer does not further increase oxidative damage to membrane lipids - early effect

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Radioiodine (¹³¹I) therapy is widely accepted as an essential part of therapeutic regimens in many cases of differentiated thyroid cancer. Radiation-induced oxidative damage to macromolecules is a well known phenomenon. Frequently examined process to evaluate oxidative damage to macromolecules is lipid peroxidation (LPO), resulting from oxidative damage to membrane lipids. The aim of the study was to examine serum LPO level in hypothyroid (after total thyroidectomy) cancer patients subjected to ablative activities of ¹³¹I.</p> <p>Materials and methods</p> <p>The study was carried out in 21 patients (18 females and 3 males, average age 52.4 ± 16.5 years) after total thyroidectomy for papillary (17 patients) or follicular (4 patients) thyroid carcinoma. Hypothyroidism was confirmed by increased TSH blood concentration (BRAHMS, Germany), measured before ¹³¹I therapy. Activity of 2.8 - 6.9 GBq of ¹³¹I was administered to the patients orally as sodium iodide (OBRI, Poland). Concentrations of malondialdehyde + 4-hydroxyalkenals (MDA + 4-HDA), as an index of LPO (LPO-586 kit, Calbiochem, USA), were measured in blood serum just before ¹³¹I administration (day "0") and on the days 1-4 after ¹³¹I therapy. Sera from 23 euthyroid patients served as controls. Correlations between LPO and TSH or ¹³¹I activity were calculated.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Expectedly, serum LPO level, when measured before ¹³¹I therapy, was several times higher (p < 0.00001) in cancer patients than in healthy subjects, which is probably due to hypothyroidism caused by total thyroidectomy. However, we did not observe any differences between LPO levels after and before ¹³¹I therapy. LPO did not correlate with TSH concentration. In turn, negative correlation was found between ¹³¹I activity and LPO level on the day "2" after radioiodine treatment.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Radioiodine remnant ablation of differentiated thyroid cancer does not further increase oxidative damage to membrane lipids, at least early, after therapy.</p

The study of arterial anastomoses in the region of the alveolar process and the anterior maxilla wall in foetuses

The anterior maxilla wall and alveolar process are covered by the arterial network. Procedures in this region can cause heavy bleeding. Knowledge of the anatomical course of a particular artery is essential for performing surgery in this area. The aim of this study was to search for and then analyse anastomoses between the infraorbital and posterior superior alveolar artery. In the study, 19 maxillas of foetuses were analysed. The arteries were injected with coloured latex. The dissection was carried out using a surgical microscope and microsurgical equipment. The lower eyelid with cheek skin was separated and the facial muscles were cut to expose the maxilla and arteries of the alveolar process. The study revealed that in 10 out of 19 of the specimens there was an arterial connection between the infraorbital and posterior superior alveolar artery. The course of the analysed anastomosis was diverse. In all cases we observed an anterior superior alveolar artery. In all specimens the alveolar process was vascularised by many arteries originating from the analysed anastomosis. The location of the analysed anastomosis can be stated before operation, on the line between the medial eye angle and the sixth tooth of the same side. The anastomosis described in the study means that caudally running arteries are important in choosing incisions in procedures performed at the alveolar process

The general model of group therapy

W niniejszym artykule przedstawiono ogólny model terapii grupowej, który jest efektem wieloletnich doświadczeń klinicznych i może być wykorzystany jako baza prawie w każdym rodzaju terapii grupowej, bez względu na nurt psychoterapeutyczny. Celem pracy jest zapoznanie czytelnika z taką formą leczenia i przekonanie o jej skuteczności zarówno w leczeniu zaburzeń psychicznych czy różnego rodzaju trudności interpersonalnych, jak również intrapsychicznych. Podkreślono rolę procesu grupowego w osiąganiu zmiany. W artykule zacytowano wyniki badań dotyczących efektywności psychoterapii grupowej, a wynikające z nich wnioski ukazują możliwe kierunki przyszłych badań. Psychiatria 2010; 7, 3: 104-116This article presents the general model of group therapy, which is the effect longitudinal clinical experiences and may be as a base in every kind of group therapy. The aim of this review is to show the readers that this form of treatment is effective in treating psychiatric disorders and various interpersonal and intrapsychical problems. The author stresses the role of group process in achieving changes. The group dynamics may be described by eleven factors. This article cites research, which measure effectiveness of group therapy and all so presents future courses. Psychiatry 2010; 7, 3: 104-11

evaluation of compositing windows for Landsat and Sentinel-2 time series

The article processing charge was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) – 491192747 and the Open Access Publication Fund of Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin.Landsat and Sentinel-2 data archives provide ever-increasing amounts of satellite data. However, the availability of usable observations greatly varies spatially and temporally. Pixel-based compositing that generates temporally equidistant cloud-free synthetic images can mitigate temporal variability, by constructing uninterrupted time series using different compositing windows. Here, we evaluated the feasibility of using compositing windows ranging from five days to one year for 1984–2021 Landsat and 2015–2021 Sentinel 2 time series to derive uninterrupted time series across Europe. We considered separate and joint use of both data archives and analyzed the spatio-temporal availability of composites during each calendar year and pixel-specific growing season across a variety of time windows and hypothesizing data interpolation. Our results demonstrated opportunities and limitations in the available data records to support medium- and long-term analyses requiring uninterrupted time series of composites with sub-annual temporal resolution. Spatial disparities across different compositing windows provide guidance on the feasibility of workflows relying on different data densities and on the challenges in wall-to-wall analyses. The feasibility of consistent time series based on composites with sub-monthly aggregation periods was mostly limited to the combined Landsat and Sentinel-2 archives after 2015, yet in some geographies requires interpolation of up to 50% of data.Peer Reviewe

Luke K. Fryer, H. Nicholas Bovee, Supporting Students’ Motivation for E-learning: Teachers Matter On and Offine (Wspieranie motywacji studentów dla e-learningu: rola nauczycieli), "The Internet and Higher Education" 2016, vol 30

31522322512Studia Prawa Publiczneg

Michael Dobbins, Susanna Khachatryan, Europeanization in the „Wild East”? Analyzing higher education governance reform in Georgia and Armenia (Europeizacja na „Dzikim Wschodzie”? Analiza reform zarządzania szkolnictwem wyższym w Gruzji i Armenii), „Higher Education” 2015, vol. 69, iss. 2

1923723917Studia Prawa Publiczneg

Przegląd piśmiennictwa - R. Richard Geddes, Benjamin L. Wagner, Why do U.S. States Adopt Public-private Partnership Enabling Legislation? (Dlaczego poszczególne stany USA wprowadzają legislacje umożliwiające realizację inwestycji w formule PPP?), „Journal of Urban Economics” 2013, vol. 78, November, s. 30–41.

1520420512Studia Prawa Publiczneg

Multidecadal grassland fractional cover time series retrieval for Germany from the Landsat and Sentinel-2 archives

Time series data provided by the Sentinel-2 and Landsat satellite missions offer manifold opportunities for grassland monitoring. The high intra-annual observation density of Sentinel-2 combined with the continuous long-term data record of Landsat enable analyses at seasonal, annual, and decadal scales. Fractional cover estimates of photosynthetic vegetation (PV), non-photosynthetic vegetation (NPV), and soil provide essential information to describe grassland conditions and processes. Yet, retrieving consistent grassland fractional cover time series from Landsat and Sentinel-2 imagery represents a major challenge. In this study, we implemented a multisensor spectral unmixing approach for retrieving multidecadal (i.e., 1984 to 2021) fractional cover time series of PV, NPV, and soil for Germany's permanent grasslands from the Landsat and Sentinel-2 archives. The spectral consistency of Landsat 5/7/8 and Sentinel-2A/B imagery as well as the coherency of a Sentinel-2-based spectral library to be used across Landsat and Sentinel-2 sensors served as the foundation for implementing the unmixing approach. We then employed regression-based unmixing using synthetic training data from spectral libraries for developing spatially and temporally generalized models. Applying these models to the Landsat and Sentinel-2 data facilitated multidecadal fractional cover mapping at a national-scale. We evaluated the quality of our multidecadal grassland fractional cover time series using statistical validation and linear correspondence analysis. The statistical validation was based on a multitemporal reference dataset spanning 2017 to 2021, derived from very high-resolution (VHR) imagery. Landsat 7/8- and Sentinel-2A/B-derived fractions showed similar Mean Absolute Errors (MAEs), i.e., 0.067 and 0.08 for PV, 0.149 and 0.15 for NPV, and 0.135 and 0.129 for soil. Linear correspondence analysis confirmed consistent PV and NPV fractional cover estimates among Landsat and Sentinel-2 sensors, suggesting similar errors beyond the statistical validation period. However, higher errors and weaker linear correspondence pointed to remaining uncertainties in soil fractional cover estimates. We further showed that the differences in spatial and spectral resolutions, i.e., the pixel size and the number of spectral bands, between Landsat and Sentinel-2 had a minor effect and were well mitigated by the spectral unmixing approach. We finally illustrated the value of the dense time series available for more recent years for describing seasonal trajectories of grassland conditions and land use intensities, as well as the use of the entire time series for analyzing long-term grassland dynamics based on annual fraction anomalies. Our study emphasizes the efficacy of generalized multisensor spectral unmixing approaches for retrieving consistent PV, NPV, and soil cover fractions across space, time, and sensors, providing a valuable means for grassland monitoring.Peer Reviewe