20,153 research outputs found
The Anticorrelated Nature of the Primary and Secondary Eclipse Timing Variations for the Kepler Contact Binaries
We report on a study of eclipse timing variations in contact binary systems,
using long-cadence lightcurves in the Kepler archive. As a first step,
'observed minus calculated' (O-C) curves were produced for both the primary and
secondary eclipses of some 2000 Kepler binaries. We find ~390 short-period
binaries with O-C curves that exhibit (i) random-walk like variations or
quasi-periodicities, with typical amplitudes of +/- 200-300 seconds, and (ii)
anticorrelations between the primary and secondary eclipse timing variations.
We present a detailed analysis and results for 32 of these binaries with
orbital periods in the range of 0.35 +/- 0.05 days. The anticorrelations
observed in their O-C curves cannot be explained by a model involving mass
transfer, which among other things requires implausibly high rates of ~0.01
M_sun per year. We show that the anticorrelated behavior, the amplitude of the
O-C delays, and the overall random-walk like behavior can be explained by the
presence of a starspot that is continuously visible around the orbit and slowly
changes its longitude on timescales of weeks to months. The quasi-periods of
~50-200 days observed in the O-C curves suggest values for k, the coefficient
of the latitude dependence of the stellar differential rotation, of
~0.003-0.013.Comment: Published in The Astrophysical Journal, 2013, Vol. 774, p.81; 14
pages, 12 figures, and 2 table
Exact renormalization-group analysis of first order phase transitions in clock models
We analyze the exact behavior of the renormalization group flow in
one-dimensional clock-models which undergo first order phase transitions by the
presence of complex interactions. The flow, defined by decimation, is shown to
be single-valued and continuous throughout its domain of definition, which
contains the transition points. This fact is in disagreement with a recently
proposed scenario for first order phase transitions claiming the existence of
discontinuities of the renormalization group. The results are in partial
agreement with the standard scenario. However in the vicinity of some fixed
points of the critical surface the renormalized measure does not correspond to
a renormalized Hamiltonian for some choices of renormalization blocks. These
pathologies although similar to Griffiths-Pearce pathologies have a different
physical origin: the complex character of the interactions. We elucidate the
dynamical reason for such a pathological behavior: entire regions of coupling
constants blow up under the renormalization group transformation. The flows
provide non-perturbative patterns for the renormalization group behavior of
electric conductivities in the quantum Hall effect.Comment: 13 pages + 3 ps figures not included, TeX, DFTUZ 91.3
A preliminary optical visibility model
A model is being created to describe the effect of weather on optical communications links between space and ground sites. This article describes the process by which the model is developed and gives preliminary results for two sites. The results indicate nighttime attenuation of optical transmission at five wavelengths. It is representative of a sampling of nights at Table Mountain Observatory from January to June and Mount Lemmon Observatory from May and June. The results are designed to predict attenuation probabilities for optical communications links
Dynamic instabilities of fracture under biaxial strain using a phase field model
We present a phase field model of the propagation of fracture under plane
strain. This model, based on simple physical considerations, is able to
accurately reproduce the different behavior of cracks (the principle of local
symmetry, the Griffith and Irwin criteria, and mode-I branching). In addition,
we test our model against recent experimental findings showing the presence of
oscillating cracks under bi-axial load. Our model again reproduces well
observed supercritical Hopf bifurcation, and is therefore the first simulation
which does so
Less-Skilled Workers, Welfare Reform, and the Unemployment Insurance System
The declining economic position over the past two decades of those workers with less skill increases the importance of the unemployment insurance (UI) system in providing a safety net during periods of unemployment. Recent welfare reform legislation, designed to encourage labor market entry of typically very low-skilled workers who are likely to have unstable work patterns at best, potentially makes the UI system an even more critical component of the safety net. This paper seeks to determine how less-skilled workers typically fare in the UI system, estimating their likelihood of becoming eligible for and collecting benefits. We find that many workers who separate from a job, and particularly those with lower levels of skill, will not be compensated by the UI system. Although minimum earnings requirements keep some less-skilled job losers from receiving UI, it is the provision mandating that separations be involuntary that prevents most workers from gaining UI eligibility. These findings suggest that the UI system will provide little additional support to the safety net following welfare reform
Triple-Star Candidates Among the Kepler Binaries
We present the results of a search through the photometric database of
eclipsing Kepler binaries (Prsa et al. 2011; Slawson et al. 2011) looking for
evidence of hierarchical triple star systems. The presence of a third star
orbiting the binary can be inferred from eclipse timing variations. We apply a
simple algorithm in an automated determination of the eclipse times for all
2157 binaries. The "calculated" eclipse times, based on a constant period
model, are subtracted from those observed. The resulting O-C (observed minus
calculated times) curves are then visually inspected for periodicities in order
to find triple-star candidates. After eliminating false positives due to the
beat frequency between the ~1/2-hour Kepler cadence and the binary period, 39
candidate triple systems were identified. The periodic O-C curves for these
candidates were then fit for contributions from both the classical Roemer delay
and so-called "physical" delay, in an attempt to extract a number of the system
parameters of the triple. We discuss the limitations of the information that
can be inferred from these O-C curves without further supplemental input, e.g.,
ground-based spectroscopy. Based on the limited range of orbital periods for
the triple star systems to which this search is sensitive, we can extrapolate
to estimate that at least 20% of all close binaries have tertiary companions.Comment: 19 pages, 13 figures, 3 tables; ApJ, 2013, 768, 33; corrected Fig. 7,
updated references, minor fixes to tex
Information about the Integer Quantum Hall Transition Extracted from the Autocorrelation Function of Spectral Determinants
The Autocorrelation function of spectral determinants (ASD) is used to probe
the sensitivity of a two-dimensional disordered electron gas to the system's
size L.
For weak magnetic fields ASD is shown to depend only trivially on L, which is
a strong indication that all states are localized.
From nontrivial dependence of ASD on L for infinite L at a Hall conductance
of 1/2 e^2/h we deduce the existence of critical wave functions at this point,
as long as the disorder strength does not exceed a critical value.Comment: 4 pages, one citation correcte
Dynamic behavior of anisotropic non-equilibrium driving lattice gases
It is shown that intrinsically anisotropic non-equilibrium systems relaxing
by a dynamic process exhibit universal critical behavior during their evolution
toward non-equilibrium stationary states. An anisotropic scaling anzats for the
dynamics is proposed and tested numerically. Relevant critical exponents can be
evaluated self-consistently using both the short- and long-time dynamics
frameworks. The obtained results allow us to clarify a long-standing
controversy about the theoretical description, the universality and the origin
of the anisotropy of driven diffusive systems, showing that the standard field
theory does not hold and supporting a recently proposed alternative theory.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figure
A Nuclear Physics Program at the ATLAS Experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider
The ATLAS collaboration has significant interest in the physics of
ultra-relativistic heavy ion collisions. We submitted a Letter of Intent to the
United States Department of Energy in March 2002. The following document is a
slightly modified version of that LOI. More details are available at:
http://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/SM/ionsComment: Letter of Intent submitted to the United States Department of Energy
Nuclear Physics Division in March 2002 (revised version
An exactly solvable dissipative transport model
We introduce a class of one-dimensional lattice models in which a quantity,
that may be thought of as an energy, is either transported from one site to a
neighbouring one, or locally dissipated. Transport is controlled by a
continuous bias parameter q, which allows us to study symmetric as well as
asymmetric cases. We derive sufficient conditions for the factorization of the
N-body stationary distribution and give an explicit solution for the latter,
before briefly discussing physically relevant situations.Comment: 7 pages, 1 figure, submitted to J. Phys.
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