A screening assay in the search of an alpha-synuclein PET radioligand

International audienc

A screening assay in the search of an alpha-synuclein PET radioligand

International audienc

A screening assay in the search of an alpha-synuclein PET radioligand

International audienc

A multi-atlas based method for automated anatomical rat brain MRI segmentation and extraction of PET kinetics

International audienc

Evaluating the Impact of Central Venous Catheter Materials and Design on Thrombosis: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis

Background: Thrombosis is a common complication associated with central venous catheter (CVC) insertion. Several antithrombogenic materials and alterations to catheter design have been developed to lower thrombosis rates. Aim: To systematically evaluate the effectiveness and safety of antithrombogenic materials and alterations to CVC design on thrombosis rates. Methods: A systematic search was completed of main databases (CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE, and PubMed) as well as trial registries and gray literature. Randomized controlled trials conducted in any age group, published in English language since 2008 reporting impact of different CVC designs or materials on thrombosis were included, to capture studies that reflect contemporary products and practice. Cochrane systematic review methodology was followed, including independent study selection and data extraction. Quality appraisal was conducted using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. A narrative synthesis and meta-analysis in RevMan were conducted. Results: From a possible 232 studies, nine studies met the inclusion criteria. Four studies (n = 1,320) assessed different catheter materials; four studies (n = 591) compared different CVC designs, and one study (n = 150) evaluated impact of combined design and material on outcomes. Meta-analysis demonstrated that neither catheter material nor design alone or in combination had a significant impact on thrombosis (RR: 0.98 [95% CI 0.87, 1.11]). Different catheter materials and design also had no significant impact on occlusion or CRBSI. Studies were of mixed quality overall. Linking Evidence to Action: Different CVC materials and designs were not associated with a reduction in the risk of either catheter-related thrombosis or infection. Overall reporting and small sample sizes make it difficult to draw firm conclusions. Larger, quality randomized trials are required to provide evidence about the possible merits of innovative catheter design and materials on patient outcomes.</p

Quantitative longitudinal imaging of activated microglia as a marker of inflammation in the pilocarpine rat model of epilepsy using [ 11 C]-( R )-PK11195 PET and MRI

International audienceInflammation may play a role in the development of epilepsy after brain insults. [ 11 C]-(R)-PK11195 binds to TSPO, expressed by activated microglia. We quantified [ 11 C]-(R)-PK11195 binding during epileptogenesis after pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus (SE), a model of temporal lobe epilepsy. Nine male rats were studied thrice (D0-1, D0 þ 6, D0 þ 35, D0 ¼ SE induction). In the same session, 7T T2-weighted images and DTI for mean diffusivity (MD) and fractional anisotropy (FA) maps were acquired, followed by dynamic PET/ CT. On D0 þ 35, femoral arterial blood was sampled for rat-specific metabolite-corrected arterial plasma input functions (AIFs). In multiple MR-derived ROIs, we assessed four kinetic models (two with AIFs; two using a reference region), standard uptake values (SUVs), and a model with a mean AIF. All models showed large (up to twofold) and significant TSPO binding increases in regions expected to be affected, and comparatively little change in the brainstem, at D0 þ 6. Some individuals showed increases at D0 þ 35. AIF models yielded more consistent increases at D0 þ 6. FA values were decreased at D0 þ 6 and had recovered by D0 þ 35. MD was increased at D0 þ 6 and more so at D0 þ 35. [ 11 C]-(R)-PK11195 PET binding and MR biomarker changes could be detected with only nine rats, highlighting the potential of longitudinal imaging studies