Performance Overhead of Haxe Programming Language for Cross-Platform Game Development

Video game industry has become the largest entertainment based industry, surpassing both the film and the music industry in terms of revenue. Costs of game development are rising with a number of platforms one has to support. In today’s competitive industry, it is necessary to support as many platforms as possible to remain profitable. One way to cut down on time spent on porting the game to other platforms, is to use cross-platform programming languages and development frameworks. Even though such frameworks allow drastic reduction of development time spent on making sure games work on all intended platforms, they are not without cost. The cost in this case is mainly in reduced performance, compared to games developed in their native development environments. This paper evaluates performance overhead of a relatively new programming language (less than a decade old) called Haxe, which is built especially for cross-platform development. We have implemented the same game in both its native environment and in the Haxe programming language, from which the game is cross-compiled to run in the native environment. The authors tested developed games on three different hardware configurations, with three different complexity settings, and the results show that even though performance overhead of cross-compilation is not insignificant, the overall reduction in development time attained by developing in Haxe presents a viable option for cross-platform game development, with positive aspects outweighing the negatives

Significance of sentinel - node biopsy in early - stage malignant melanoma of the head and neck

Maligni melanom je zloćudni tumor pigmentnih stanica kože i sluznica. Jedan je od najagresivnijih tumora u čovjeka. Iako melanom čini tek 4 % svih zloćudnih bolesti kože na njega otpada gotovo 80 % umrlih od kožnih tumora. Incidencija melanoma je u stalnom porastu posljednjih desetljeća stoga je melanom postao bolest javnozdravstvenog značaja. Zahvaljujući dobro razvijenoj limfnoj mreži, posebice u području glave i vrata, melanom može lako i brzo limfogeno i hematogeno metastazirati. U bolesnika u kojih su regionalni limfni čvorovi pozitivni preživljenje je 40 % do 50 % lošije nego u onih koji ih nemaju. Donald Morton je u ranim 90-im popularizirao biopsiju limfnog čvora stražara (SLNB) koja je danas zlatni standard u prognozi i daljnjem planiranju liječenja bolesnika s melanomom. Limfni čvor stražar (sentinel) je prvi limfni čvor u koji se drenira područje tumora. SLNB je indicirana u ranim stadijima melanoma kod kojih nema klinički, radiološki ili patohistološki dokazanih metastaza. Standardne tehnike koje se primjenjuju za SLNB su: preoperativna limfoscintigrafija, primjena limfotropne boje 'blue dye', te detekcija sentinela primjenom ručne gama kamere. U području glave i vrata SLNB se izvodi u općoj endotrahealnoj anesteziji. Kod pacijenata s pozitivnim sentinelom potrebno je napraviti disekciju vrata kako bi se spriječio daljnji rasap bolesti. Pacijente s negativnim sentinelom treba klinički pratiti.Malignant melanoma is a malignant tumor of pigment cells of the skin and mucosa. It is one of the most aggressive tumors in humans. Although melanoma makes up to 4 % of all malignant skin diseases, almost 80 % of the deaths of skin tumors are caused by it. Melanoma incidence has been steadily increasing over the last decades, so melanoma has become a public health issue. Thanks to a well developed lymphatic network, especially in the area of the head and neck, melanoma can easily and quickly limphogenously and hematogenically metastasize. In patients with positive regional lymph nodes survival is 40 % to 50 % worse than in those without them. In the early 1990s, Donald Morton popularized the sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB), which is today the gold standard for prognosis and further planning of treating patients with melanoma. The lymph node guard (sentinel) is the first lymph node to drain the tumor area. SLNB is indicated in early stages of melanoma with no clinical, radiological or pathohistologically proven metastases. The standard techniques used for SLNB include: preoperative lymphoscintigraphy, lymphotropic blue dye application, and sentinel detection by hand gamma camera. In the area of the head and neck, SLNB is performed in endotracheal anesthesia. In patients with a positive sentinel, neck dissection is required to prevent further disease spread. Patients with a negative sentinel should be monitored clinically

Significance of sentinel - node biopsy in early - stage malignant melanoma of the head and neck

Maligni melanom je zloćudni tumor pigmentnih stanica kože i sluznica. Jedan je od najagresivnijih tumora u čovjeka. Iako melanom čini tek 4 % svih zloćudnih bolesti kože na njega otpada gotovo 80 % umrlih od kožnih tumora. Incidencija melanoma je u stalnom porastu posljednjih desetljeća stoga je melanom postao bolest javnozdravstvenog značaja. Zahvaljujući dobro razvijenoj limfnoj mreži, posebice u području glave i vrata, melanom može lako i brzo limfogeno i hematogeno metastazirati. U bolesnika u kojih su regionalni limfni čvorovi pozitivni preživljenje je 40 % do 50 % lošije nego u onih koji ih nemaju. Donald Morton je u ranim 90-im popularizirao biopsiju limfnog čvora stražara (SLNB) koja je danas zlatni standard u prognozi i daljnjem planiranju liječenja bolesnika s melanomom. Limfni čvor stražar (sentinel) je prvi limfni čvor u koji se drenira područje tumora. SLNB je indicirana u ranim stadijima melanoma kod kojih nema klinički, radiološki ili patohistološki dokazanih metastaza. Standardne tehnike koje se primjenjuju za SLNB su: preoperativna limfoscintigrafija, primjena limfotropne boje 'blue dye', te detekcija sentinela primjenom ručne gama kamere. U području glave i vrata SLNB se izvodi u općoj endotrahealnoj anesteziji. Kod pacijenata s pozitivnim sentinelom potrebno je napraviti disekciju vrata kako bi se spriječio daljnji rasap bolesti. Pacijente s negativnim sentinelom treba klinički pratiti.Malignant melanoma is a malignant tumor of pigment cells of the skin and mucosa. It is one of the most aggressive tumors in humans. Although melanoma makes up to 4 % of all malignant skin diseases, almost 80 % of the deaths of skin tumors are caused by it. Melanoma incidence has been steadily increasing over the last decades, so melanoma has become a public health issue. Thanks to a well developed lymphatic network, especially in the area of the head and neck, melanoma can easily and quickly limphogenously and hematogenically metastasize. In patients with positive regional lymph nodes survival is 40 % to 50 % worse than in those without them. In the early 1990s, Donald Morton popularized the sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB), which is today the gold standard for prognosis and further planning of treating patients with melanoma. The lymph node guard (sentinel) is the first lymph node to drain the tumor area. SLNB is indicated in early stages of melanoma with no clinical, radiological or pathohistologically proven metastases. The standard techniques used for SLNB include: preoperative lymphoscintigraphy, lymphotropic blue dye application, and sentinel detection by hand gamma camera. In the area of the head and neck, SLNB is performed in endotracheal anesthesia. In patients with a positive sentinel, neck dissection is required to prevent further disease spread. Patients with a negative sentinel should be monitored clinically

Church in Croatia during Communism

Katolička je crkva u povijesti Hrvatske Države imala veliku i važnu ulogu, čuvala je kulturnu baštinu i njegovala duh i vjeru hrvatskoga puka od 9. stoljeća pa do danas. Ukorijenjenost katolicizma u Hrvata postiglo je razinu nacionalnog identiteta što razlikuje Hrvate od susjednih zemalja koje su povijesno vezane za istočni kulturni krug i pravoslavnu vjeru. Upravo ta vjerska razlika činila je kamen spoticanja u razdoblju prve Jugoslavije, ali i u „Titovoj“ Jugoslaviji. Dolaskom partizana na vlast u Hrvatskoj i uspostavom Federativne Hrvatske, počeli su se nadzirati problemi s kojima će se susretati Katolička crkva. Naime, još za trajanja Drugoga svjetskoga rata, puno je svećenika odvedeno u logore i pobijeno, a stanje u Crkvi nije se posebno promijenilo niti u raznoblju „mira“. Odmah je započeta „borba“ Crkve s vlastima, oduzimanje imovine, prava glasa (ugušen vjerski tisak), suđenje svećenicima, izbacivanje vjeronauka iz škole, medijsko blaćenje Katoličke crkve. Biskupi vlastima odgovaraju Pastirskim pismom, a odgovor vlasti donosi još jače postroženje te sramotno suđenje Alojziju Stepincu i ostalim svećenicima. Titova vlast ne miruje, cilj im je odijeliti Katoličku crkvu od Vatikana, smatraju da je Vatikan na strani neprijateljskoga Rima, te potiču svećenike na osnivanje staleških udruženja katoličkih svećenika. Cilj im je stvoriti Narodnu crkvu sličnu Pravoslavnoj crkvi. Vladin gnjev na svećeničko odbijanje pristupa udruženjima, dopis Svete Stolice da nije dopušten pristup udruženjima, kao i nerazjašnjeni pritvor Alojzija Stepinca bili su uzroci prekida diplomatskih odnosa između Jugoslavije i Svete Stolice, 1952. godine. Od 1953. do 1960. Država i dalje vodi svoju politiku nesnosnih odnosa sa Crkvom. Međutim, u međuvremenu je proglašen je novi nadbiskup, Franjo Šeper, a trn u oku Jugoslavenske vlade, kardinal Stepinac, je umro 1960. Dah novih zanosa i suvremeniji pogledi omogućili su otvaranje jugoslavenske diplomacije ka Svetoj Stolici, sudjelovanje hrvatskih biskupa na II. vatikanskom saboru i konačno potpisivanje glasovitog Protokola koji je budio različite konotacije. Tito 1971. godine posjećuje papu, donesen je novi Ustav, kroji se nova politika otvaranja prema suvremenome svijetu. Događaj koji je uzbunio političku scenu Jugoslavije svakako jest smrt Josipa Broza Tita i uvod u rascijepljenje Hrvatske od Jugoslavije što je dovelo do Domovinskoga rata

Performance Evaluation of Virtualization Tools in Multi-Threaded Applications

In the last decade, virtualization technologies have become very popular. Virtualization enables a user to run multiple operating systems on the same computer concurrently, while providing a degree of isolation between OS instances. Even though virtualization is mostly used on servers, its popularity on desktop also rises, where it is mostly used in cross-platform development and execution of software available to other platforms. Since both of these use cases are performance intensive, the goal of this paper is to evaluate the performance of a couple of the most popular desktop virtualization tools on the market, i.e., VMWare Player and Oracle VirtualBox. Benchmarks used in this paper evaluate the performance of the tools in both CPU intensive and GPU intensive applications, with special emphasis placed on the performance of multi-threaded applications

Myoepithelial Carcinoma of the Parotid Gland

Rare malignant tumor of the salivary gland, a myoepithelial carcinoma, arose de novo in the right parotid gland. The initial tumor was composed predominantly of myoepithelial cells. Subsequently the tumor recurred three times, with infiltration of the bones of the cranial base. Histological examination showed sarcomatoid neoplasm composed of malignant spindle cells with high mitotic rate and perineural invasion. There was no involvement of cervical lymph nodes. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated myoepithelial differentiation: tumor cells were positively stained with vimentin, alpha smooth muscle actin and S-100 protein antibodies, and focal positively was noticed with cytokeratin (AE1/AE3) antibody. Large number of tumor cells nuclei was reactive with the monoclonal anti-p63 antibody, clone 4A4. Myoepithelial carcinomas exhibit a wide spectrum of morphological heterogeneity and for that reason could be confused with many tumors. Cytoarchitectural patterns and immunohistochemical profile are crucial for identification. These tumors are malignant neoplasms with diverse clinical outcomes, sometimes very aggressive