Hüppeliigese vigastusi ennetavad meetodid

http://www.ester.ee/record=b476977

Urban freight distribution: Assessing time efficiency of daily activities for future development of medium-duty electric vehicles

The increasing amount of goods required by the intense urbanization has triggered a considerable growth of urban distribution. To meet the increased demand, this Master’s thesis seeks to map and quantify the duration of activities that take place in a typical urban distribution tour for medium-duty trucks, and identify potential actions to enhance the time efficiency of these activities. Thereafter, the aforementioned findings are combined with a research in the advancements of all-electric vehicles to see if their characteristics fit with the existing demands in urban freight distribution. The methods used for data collection involved both field and desk research. Primary data was collected through a time study with Company X’s truck drivers. The time study was supplemented by distribution route tracking and interviews with 17 different participants. The interviewees consisted of operational and managerial level participants from Company X, and experts in the electric driveline technology. Additionally, secondary data was gathered through a revision of Volvo Group Truck Technology’s internal documents. 31 work related activities for truck drivers were identified and classified into six categories. The categorization was based on the location where the activity took place. Observations envisage that there are notable time differences among the activities. Driving and breaks accounted for the vast majority of the truck driver’s time consumption (44.5 percent). 15 improvement initiatives were proposed to enhance truck drivers’ safety and increase time efficiency in urban distribution. In addition, the average driving distance was 63.9 km. The research revealed that existing electric powertrain technology is able to address the transport operators’ distribution demands in the Gothenburg area. As of today, no major infrastructural changes are necessary to utilize all-electric fleets

Toiduriskide tõlgendused allergikute hulgas

The aim of the Bachelor’s thesis titled “Interpretations of food related risks among allergenic people“ was to study how people interpret risks in there everyday eating choices when heath issues already have occurred. The aim was to answer questions like, based on what people with food allergies make there choices regarding food, where do they get the necessary information and how do they process it, how they deal with the risks given with food, what shapes their knowledge, beliefs and attitudes related to dietary risks? The theoretical part describes the progress of modern hazard society based on researches of U.Beck and other sociologists’ interpretations of decision making progresses. With the development of society people have more choices in there everyday life because there is more information and with every choice there is a risk. Theoretical part also contains information about food allergies, how they appear, how they changes lives and how people can cope with them. The empirical research includes 10 interviews, their analysis and summaries. The aim of the data analysis was to find out the answer to the questions set up in the beginning. People in the risk group do not debate over risks and in the market situation hedonism and brand promises thrive. Discussion and references are written in the last part of graduation thesis. There is a debate about lack of interest in information regarding food risks, healthy diets and coping with allergies and new questions on how to change communication programs so that people would be more aware of allergies and food related risks.http://tartu.ester.ee/record=b2510627~S1*es

Covering Chemical Diversity of Genetically-Modified Tomatoes Using Metabolomics for Objective Substantial Equivalence Assessment

As metabolomics can provide a biochemical snapshot of an organism's phenotype it is a promising approach for charting the unintended effects of genetic modification. A critical obstacle for this application is the inherently limited metabolomic coverage of any single analytical platform. We propose using multiple analytical platforms for the direct acquisition of an interpretable data set of estimable chemical diversity. As an example, we report an application of our multi-platform approach that assesses the substantial equivalence of tomatoes over-expressing the taste-modifying protein miraculin. In combination, the chosen platforms detected compounds that represent 86% of the estimated chemical diversity of the metabolites listed in the LycoCyc database. Following a proof-of-safety approach, we show that % had an acceptable range of variation while simultaneously indicating a reproducible transformation-related metabolic signature. We conclude that multi-platform metabolomics is an approach that is both sensitive and robust and that it constitutes a good starting point for characterizing genetically modified organisms

Viron puolustusvoimien ampumaohjesäännön tarkoituksenmukaisuus

Tämän työn tarkoitus oli löytää Viron Puolustusvoimien ampumaohjesäännön yhtäläisyyksiä Kanadan, Suomen ja USA:n ampumaohjesääntöjen kanssa ja löytää ne alueet, joita ei ole huomioitu ja joita jalostamalla pystytään kehittämään Viron Puolustusvoimien ampumaohjesääntöjä ja ampumakoulutusta. Vertailu toisten maiden ampumaohjesääntöjen kanssa avasi paitsi uusia kysymyksiä myös mahdollisuuksia yleistyksiin; sen tutkimiseen, mikä on kansallista ja mikä puolestaan yleisemmillä tekijöillä selittyvää. Katseen siirtäminen pois omasta maasta tai muuten tutusta kohteesta sekä asioiden peilaaminen vertailukelpoisia tapauksia vasten saattaa myös avata silmät uusille kysymyksille. Tässä työssä keskitytetään rynnäkkökivääriin perusampumakoulutukseen ja yritetään selvittää, mitkä ovat ne osa-alueet, joita kehittämällä pystytään nostamaan perusammuntakoulutuksen tasoa. Perusammuntakoulutuksen tason nostaminen antaa sotilaille paremmat edellytykset jatkaa ammunnan jatkokoulutuksessa ja taisteluammunnoissa. Samalla perusampumakoulutuksen tason nosto vähentää jatkokoulutuksen ja lisäresurssien tarvetta. Tutkimuksen pääongelmaksi muodostui: – Mitkä ovat poikkeavaisuudet/samankaltaisuudet eri maiden ampumaohjesääntöissä, ja miten näitä todettuja poikkeavaisuuksia/samankaltaisuuksia pystytään hyödyntämään Viron Puolustusvoimien ampumaohjesäännön kehittämisessä? Tutkimuksen alaongelmiksi muotoutuivat lopulta seuraavat: – Millaista oppimisympäristöä ammunta edustaa, miten ammuntaa on koulutettava, ja miten sotilas parhaiten oppii ampumaan? – Miksi ja miten ampumakoulutus on rakennettu muissa asevoimissa? Tutkimus on kvalitatiivinen tutkimus jossa käytetään aineistolähtöistä sisältöanalyysiä. Tutkielman tutkimusaineistoa ovat olleet eri maiden ampumaohjesäännöt ja koulutusohjeet, sekä ase- ja ampumakoulutuksesta suunnitteluun kertova kirjallisuus. Tutkimuksessa selvisi, että Viron Puolustusvoimien ampumaohjesääntö on rynnäkönkiväärin peruskoulutuksen osalta vertailukelpoinen ja tarkoituksenmukainen, jos sitä verrataan muihin maihin ja pienillä muutoksilla ampumaohjesääntöä pystytään kehittämään edellekin vastamaan tulevia haasteita

Vallaslaps

https://www.ester.ee/record=b3651492*es

Management of Pediatric Traumatic Cataract With An Open Globe Injury

&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; Introduction: Traumatic cataract is one of the leading causes of monocular blindness in children. The management of pediatric traumatic cataract is challenging; the growing size of the affected eyes and the risk of amblyopia further complicate things. The timing of cataract removal and IOL implantation remain controversial until today.&#x0D; Case Report: A thirteen-years-old boy came with his left eye punctured by a pencil tip. He came in with a visual acuity of 1/300, a full-thickness 5 mm paracentral corneal laceration and traumatic cataract. The patient went through a two-step surgery. Cataract surgery and IOL implantation was conducted one week following corneal laceration suture.&#x0D; Discussion: Two-step surgery was performed on this patient with consideration being cataract removal performed when the inflammation of the eye was subside and also a more accurate IOL calculation. One study stated, even with 43.4% of patient’s anterior capsule ruptures, it would postponed cataract surgery for 2 days up to 6 months. In this case, a week after first surgery, it revealed anterior capsule rupture and the lens material was touching corneal endothelium. Therefore, lensectomy was performed because it touches the corneal endothelium causing further damage&#x0D; Conclusion: The two-step procedure performed was a preferable surgery for a traumatic cataract in a quiet eye, because it has better potential for visual improvement and IOL calculation. However, since the anterior lens capsule ruptured and the lens material prolapsed into the anterior chamber, it would have been even better to perform lensectomy as an early procedure to prevent inflammation.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; </jats:p