2,093 research outputs found
Theory of elastic interaction between colloidal particles in the nematic cell in the presence of the external electric or magnetic field
The Green function method developed in Ref.[S. B. Chernyshuk and B. I. Lev,
Phys. Rev. E \textbf{81}, 041707 (2010)] is used to describe elastic
interactions between axially symmetric colloidal particles in the nematic cell
in the presence of the external electric or magnetic field. General formulas
for dipole-dipole, dipole-quadrupole and quadrupole-quadrupole interactions in
the homeotropic and planar nematic cells with parallel and perpendicular field
orientations are obtained. A set of new results has been predicted: 1)
\textit{Deconfinement effect} for dipole particles in the homeotropic nematic
cell with negative dielectric anisotropy and perpendicular
to the cell electric field, when electric field is approaching it's Frederiks
threshold value . This means cancellation of the
confinement effect found in Ref. [M.Vilfan et al. Phys.Rev.Lett. {\bf 101},
237801, (2008)] for dipole particles near the Frederiks transition while it
remains for quadrupole particles. 2) New effect of \textit{attraction and
stabilization} of the particles along the electric field parallel to the cell
planes in the homeotropic nematic cell with . The minimun
distance between two particles depends on the strength of the field and can be
ordinary for . 3) Attraction and repulsion zones for all elastic interactions
are changed dramatically under the action of the external field.Comment: 15 pages, 17 figure
Transportation Management in a Distributed Logistic Consumption System Under Uncertainty Conditions
The problem of supply management in the supplier-to-consumer logistics transport system has been formed and solved. The novelty of the formulation of the problem consists in the integrated accounting of costs in the logistic system, which takes into account at the same time the cost of transporting products from suppliers to consumers, as well as the costs for each of the consumers to store the unsold product and losses due to possible shortages. The resulting optimization problem is no longer a standard linear programming problem. In addition, the work assumes that the solution of the problem should be sought taking into account the fact that the initial data of the problem are not deterministic. The analysis of traditional methods of describing the uncertainty of the source data. It is concluded that, given the rapidly changing conditions for the implementation of the delivery process in a distributed supplier-to-consumer system, it is advisable to move from a theoretical probability representation of the source data to their description in terms of fuzzy mathematics. At the same time, in particular, the fuzzy values of the demand for the delivered product for each consumer are determined by their membership functions.Distribution of supplies in the system is described by solving a mathematical programming problem with a nonlinear objective function and a set of linear constraints of the transport type. In forming the criterion, a technology is used to transform the membership functions of fuzzy parameters of the problem to its theoretical probabilistic counterparts – density distribution of demand values. The task is reduced to finding for each consumer the value of the ordered product, minimizing the average total cost of storing the unrealized product and losses from the deficit. The initial problem is reduced to solving a set of integral equations solved, in general, numerically. It is shown that in particular, important for practice, particular cases, this solution is achieved analytically.The paper states the insufficient adequacy of the traditionally used mathematical models for describing fuzzy parameters of the problem, in particular, the demand. Statistical processing of real data on demand shows that the parameters of the membership functions of the corresponding fuzzy numbers are themselves fuzzy numbers. Acceptable mathematical models of the corresponding fuzzy numbers are formulated in terms of bifuzzy mathematics. The relations describing the membership functions of the bifuzzy numbers are given. A formula is obtained for calculating the total losses to storage and from the deficit, taking into account the bifuzzy of demand. In this case, the initial task is reduced to finding the distribution of supplies, at which the maximum value of the total losses does not exceed the permissible value
Poynting Vector Flow in a Circular Circuit
A circuit is considered in the shape of a ring, with a battery of negligible
size and a wire of uniform resistance. A linear charge distribution along the
wire maintains an electrostatic field and a steady current, which produces a
constant magnetic field. Earlier studies of the Poynting vector and the rate of
flow of energy considered only idealized geometries in which the Poynting
vector was confined to the space within the circuit. But in more realistic
cases the Poynting vector is nonzero outside as well as inside the circuit. An
expression is obtained for the Poynting vector in terms of products of
integrals, which are evaluated numerically to show the energy flow. Limiting
expressions are obtained analytically. It is shown that the total power
generated by the battery equals the energy flowing into the wire per unit time.Comment: 19 pages, 8 figure
Ordered droplet structures at the liquid crystal surface and elastic-capillary colloidal interactions
We demonstrate a variety of ordered patterns, including hexagonal structures
and chains, formed by colloidal particles (droplets) at the free surface of a
nematic liquid crystal (LC). The surface placement introduces a new type of
particle interaction as compared to particles entirely in the LC bulk. Namely,
director deformations caused by the particle lead to distortions of the
interface and thus to capillary attraction. The elastic-capillary coupling is
strong enough to remain relevant even at the micron scale when its
buoyancy-capillary counterpart becomes irrelevant.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures, to be published in Physical Review Letter
On the path homology of Cayley digraphs and covering digraphs
We develop a theory of covering digraphs, similar to the theory of covering
spaces. By applying this theory to Cayley digraphs, we build a "bridge" between
GLMY-theory and group homology theory, which helps to reduce path homology
calculations to group homology computations. We show some cases where this
approach allows us to fully express path homology in terms of group homology.
To illustrate this method, we provide a path homology computation for the
Cayley digraph of the additive group of rational numbers with a generating set
consisting of inverses to factorials
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