34 research outputs found
Nostalgia in Organizations
Scholars have proposed that nostalgia plays various important roles in organizations. At present, there is no comprehensive overview of the role of nostalgia in this context. To help develop such an overview, we review research on personal nostalgia, insofar as it includes outcomes that are organizationally relevant, and research on organizational nostalgia. We propose a model that summarizes the processes through which nostalgia operates in organizations. In this model, we propose that threatening circumstances such as injustice or organizational change evoke organizational (and possibly personal) nostalgia, this evoked nostalgia subsequently counteracts the negative effects of threat on outcomes such as organizational identification and experienced work meaningfulness. We end by discussing implications and future research directions
Self-Protection Predicts Lower Willingness to Apologize
Although apologies are effective at promoting reconciliation, perpetrators often choose not to apologize because doing so can be threatening to the self. We hypothesized that dispositional self-protection would be negatively associated with willingness to apologize, but only when the transgression pertained to the self rather than another person. Only in that case would self-positivity be threatened, thereby activating the self-protection motive. In addition, we hypothesized that the negative association between self-protection and willingness to apologize for self-referent offenses would be serially mediated by responsibility-taking and guilt. This would be so because perpetrators can self-protect by lowering their felt responsibility and, in turn, reduce guilt for the transgression. The results were consistent with the hypotheses. We discuss implications of this motivational account for unwillingness to apologize
The Hedonic Character of Nostalgia: An Integrative Data Analysis
We conducted an integrative data analysis to examine the hedonic character of nostalgia. We combined positive and negative affect measures from 41 experiments manipulating nostalgia (N = 4,659). Overall, nostalgia inductions increased positive and ambivalent affect, but did not significantly alter negative affect. The magnitude of nostalgiaâs effects varied markedly across different experimental inductions of the emotion. The hedonic character of nostalgia, then, depends on how the emotion is elicited and the benchmark (i.e., control condition) to which it is compared. We discuss implications for theory and research on nostalgia and emotions in general
Quality of Life and Body Dissatisfaction in Cisgender Men Reporting Sexual Attraction Toward Men or Women
Rethinking Apology in Tort Litigation
Apologies are assumed to be an effective pathway to the restoration of victims of torts. Accordingly, initiatives to facilitate their provision in legal contexts are currently being advocated. A crucial question, however, is whether the apologies that perpetrators provide in these contexts may live up to such expectations. Do
perpetratorsâ apologies in response to torts convey the content that victims desire,
and howmay this affect their remedial effectiveness? The present research examined
what content victims desire, and perpetrators provide in apology in response to
personal injury incidents. In two studies, we demonstrate that (a) perpetrators
provide less comprehensive apologies than victims desire, and (b) their apologies
thereby are less effective at restoring them. These differenceswere explained by their
differing perception of torts, such that perpetrators regard their transgressions as less
severe and intentional, and themselves as less blameworthy than victims do, and
consequently offer less comprehensive apologies than victims desire. Therefore,
subjectiveness in victimsâ and perpetratorsâ perception of torts may undermine the
remedial effectiveness of legal apology
How many pennies for your pain? Willingness to compensate as a function of expected future interaction and intentionality feedback
Despite increased research efforts in the area of reconciliation and trust repair in economic relations, most studies depart from a victimâs perspective. Specifically, these studies evaluate the process of trust repair by looking at the impact of restoration tactics on victimsâ reactions. We focused on the transgressorâs perspective and present findings from two studies that investigated how the amount of compensation that a transgressor is willing to pay depends on victimsâ reactions to the transgression (i.e. whether they claim the transgression happened intentionally or unintentionally) and the time horizon of the relationship between the transgressor and the victim (future vs. no future interaction). We hypothesized and found that transgressors are willing to pay less compensation to a victim who believes the transgression happened intentionally (as opposed to unintentionally), but only so when they share no future interaction perspective together. When transgressors have a future interaction perspective with the victim, intentionality feedback does not affect compensation size
The apology mismatch: asymmetries between victim's need for apologies and perpetrator's willingness to apologize
Although previous research on apologies has shown that apologies can have many beneficial effects on victimsâ responses, the dyadic nature of the apology process has
largely been ignored. As a consequence, very little is known about the congruence between perpetratorsâ willingness to apologize and victimsâ willingness to receive an apology. In three experimental studies we showed that victims mainly want to receive an apology after an intentional transgression, whereas perpetrators want to offer an apology particularly after an unintentional transgression. As expected, these divergent apologetic needs among victims and perpetrators were mediated by unique emotions: guilt among perpetrators and anger among victims. These results suggest that an apology serves very different goals among victims and perpetrators, thus pointing at an apology mismatch
An instrumental perspective on apologizing in bargaining: the importance of forgiveness to apologize
Although very little research in bargaining has addressed how perpetrators should deal with the aftermath of unfair allocations, it has been proposed that an apology may help the reconciliation process. Prior research, however, only focused on whether apologies can reveal positive effects on the reconciliation process but did not focus yet on whether perpetrators are actually willing to apologize. In this paper we investigate perpetratorâs willingness to apologize for a trust violation in a bargaining setting. We hypothesized that perpetrators willingness to apologize would be a function of the extent to which the victim of the trust violation is willing to forgive. This effect, however, was expected to emerge only among those perpetrators who are low in dispositional trust. The results from a laboratory study with actual transgressions and actual apologetic behavior supported our predictions and thus emphasize an instrumental view on apologizing in bargaining situations