The geometry of continental displacement and its application to Arctic geology: Eugen Wegmann's early approaches published in the Geologische Rundschau in 1943

Plate tectonics developed around 1965 as a powerful tool to describe the tectonic movements of the Earth's crust. The article demonstrates that basically four already existing theoretical concepts—subduction, seafloor spreading, the application of Euler's theorem and transform faults—had to be combined to arrive at the modern theory. Alfred Wegener, father of the theory of continental displacement, is often credited as the most direct forerunner of plate tectonics. However, none of the aforementioned concepts had been developed by him. The present article deals with the hitherto not duly credited contributions of the Swiss geologist Eugen Wegmann (1896-1982). He developed in a series of highly original papers published between 1943 and 1948 (one of them in the Geologische Rundschau), a critical test of the theory of continental displacement based on the regional geology of the Arctic. Furthermore, he gave a very concise account on the geometrical principles of drift movements. As a result, he developed for the first time—25years before McKenzie and Parker's Nature 216:1276-1280, landmark paper on the Pacific (1967)—the geometrical basis to graphically test plate motion directions. However, his work has not yet received the credit it deserves, neither by scientist nor by historians of scienc

Territorial Stigmatisation: Urban Renewal and Displacement in a Central Istanbul Neighbourhood

In Tarlabasi, an Istanbul neighbourhood facing massive redevelopment and displacement, marginalised residents speak about belonging, stigma, and what their community means to them. Based on a long-term ethnographic study that includes interviews, photographs, and archival research, Constanze Letsch examines how territorial stigmatisation is weaponised by the state and how differently stigmatised groups try to fight against the vilification of their neighbourhood. The contested plans of urban renewal threaten not only their homes and workplaces but a rapidly vanishing Istanbul: socio-demographic interdependencies and networks that have developed over decades

Challenges and Future Perspectives of Immunotherapy in Pancreatic Cancer

To date, extensive efforts to harness immunotherapeutic strategies for the treatment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) have yielded disappointing results in clinical trials. These strategies mainly focused on cancer vaccines and immune checkpoint inhibitors alone or in combination with chemotherapeutic or targeted agents. However, the growing preclinical and clinical data sets from these efforts have established valuable insights into the immunological characteristics of PDAC biology. Most notable are the immunosuppressive role of the tumour microenvironment (TME) and PDAC's characteristically poor immunogenicity resulting from tumour intrinsic features. Moreover, PDAC tumour heterogeneity has been increasingly well characterized and may additionally limit a "one-fits-all" immunotherapeutic strategy. In this review, we first outline mechanisms of immunosuppression and immune evasion in PDAC. Secondly, we summarize recently published data on preclinical and clinical efforts to establish immunotherapeutic strategies for the treatment of PDAC including diverse combinatorial treatment approaches aiming at overcoming this resistance towards immunotherapeutic strategies. Particularly, these combinatorial treatment approaches seek to concomitantly increase PDAC antigenicity, boost PDAC directed T-cell responses, and impair the immunosuppressive character of the TME in order to allow immunotherapeutic agents to unleash their full potential. Eventually, the thorough understanding of the currently available data on immunotherapeutic treatment strategies of PDAC will enable researchers and clinicians to develop improved treatment regimens and to design innovative clinical trials to overcome the pronounced immunosuppression of PDAC

Countering Violent Extremism in Tunisia – Between Dependency and Self-Reliance

In current counter-terrorism efforts, the potential of civil society organizations is recognized by international actors for countering radical narratives and implementing prevention activities in non-Western countries. Civil society-led interventions, it is assumed, constitute a more sustainable as well as locally acceptable approach to reduce the threat of radicalization. In line with this, international actors including EU, UN and EU key-member states have lately incorporated this strategy in Tunisia, which since the fall of the Ben Ali regime in 2011 has experienced an increase in jihadist activities challenging the democratic consolidation of the country. In response to growing donor interest, the bulk of civil society organizations in Tunisia have recently started to develop policies and programs to counter violent extremism and radicalization. However, the lack of comprehensive empirical research on civil society engagement in counter- as well as de-radicalization complicates the assessment of scope and impact of these initiatives on local communities in Tunisia. To encounter this lacuna, this paper focuses on the experiences, subjective perception and practices of activists working on the ground in an arising Tunisian Countering Violent Extremism (CVE) landscape. (Critical) peacebuilding and development literature on civil society is introduced to investigate the interplay of international and local actors in the context of CVE interventions. 25 in-depth narrative interviews with local activists and international experts involved in developing CVE initiatives in Tunisia root this paper in rich empirical data that was analyzed by applying a Grounded Theory methodology. Due to the high dependency of civil society actors on external funding, international actors exert a strong influence on how preventative activities are designed and implemented and which local actors are involved. This paper further shows that this dependency does not just result in agenda adaptation, but rather that local actors, to some extent, can resist to the imposed donor agenda or strategically use the increased donor attention for their own purpose

Representation of non-bibliographic library data as linked data: data types, vocabularies and applications

Diese Thesis stellt einen Entwurf für ein Linked-Data-konformes Vokabular zur Be- schreibung von Bibliotheksdienstleistungen vor, da sich hierfür bisher in der Biblio- thekswelt noch kein entsprechender Standard etabliert hat. Dafür wird untersucht, welche Informationen in Bezug auf die Dienstleistungen wichtig sind und wie sich diese in RDF abbilden lassen können. Die Publikation von Daten aus Bibliotheken als Linked Data hat in den letzten Jahren beachtlich zugenommen. Während sich der Großteil entsprechender Aktivitäten auf bibliographische Daten konzentriert, ist die Menge der Projekte, die sich mit Informationen zu den Bibliotheken an sich befassen, noch sehr überschaubar. Diese Arbeit liefert daher einen Beitrag zur Publikation nicht-bibliographischer Bibliotheksda- ten als Linked Data.This thesis presents a design for a Linked Data compliant vocabulary for the description of library services, as to date, no corresponding standard has been established in librari- anship. For this, it is investigated which information on the services are important and how these can be mapped to RDF. The publication of data from libraries in linked data has increased considerably in recent years. While the majority of corresponding activities concentrate on bibliographic data, there are still few projects that deal with information about the libraries in itself. Therefore, this work contributes to the publication of non- bibliographic library data in Linked Data

Wavelength and energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis with EMA and SEM-EDXRA on thin sections of soils.

Organic matter, minerals and iron-manganese nodules were studied in thin sections of soils with an electron microprobe analyzer (EMA) and a combination of a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and an energy-dispersive X-ray analyzer (EDXRA). Both instruments were used to estimate the presence and nature of chemical elements in two selected areas, one containing a combination of organic and mineral material and another inside an iron-manganese nodule. The detection of organic matter proved problematic. Of the light elements, N could not be detected with EMA and O was detected but was not specific to organic matter. EMA could not be used for C because of the C coating of the thin section. SEM-EDXRA only detected heavier elements. EMA produced somewhat better X-ray images of heavier elements, especially from an iron-manganese nodule. However, with organic material, SEM-EDXRA X-ray images were similar to or slightly better than EMA. An advantage of SEM-EDXRA over EMA is that the soil material can be analysed at various magnifications with a much higher limit, and point analysis can be made of loose material. For soil material, SEM-EDXRA was better as a routine instrument which solved most problems. EMA can be used as a complementary instrument. Other microanalytical techniques such as the ion microprobe mass analyzer (IMMA) were necessary to analyse light elements in organic material of soils. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission

Estudo do impacto da estabilidade atmosférica no perfil vertical do vento e na variação da velocidade do vento, usando séries de referência de reanálise, em local costeiro

No Brasil, é crescente o interesse na exploração de áreas costeiras para a produção de energia eólica, nos chamados parques eólicos offshore. Neste contexto, torna-se importante quantificar o impacto de diferentes fenômenos climáticos, e como influenciam a velocidade do vento. Neste trabalho, buscou-se quantificar o fenômeno da estabilidade atmosférica, em uma região de aproximadamente 546 km², na costa do Rio de Janeiro, investigando o impacto da sua consideração nas variações de velocidade e da produção de energia. Cinco anos de dados climáticos, de duas fontes públicas, a série de reanálise ERA5 e o mapa de temperaturas "GHRSST Level 4 G1SST Global Foundation Sea Surface Temperature". A teoria de similaridade de Monin-Obukov(MOST) é usada para quantificar a estabilidade atmosférica. Os resultados do trabalho apontam a existência de regiões de estabilidade atmosférica positiva próximas à costa de Cabo Frio-RJ, nos meses de verão, que pode ser explicada pela ressurgência de águas profundas e frias, em direção à superfície do mar costeiro, resfriando-o. Os resultados também apontam limitações na teoria de similaridade para casos de estabilidade forte. Por fim, a desconsideração dos efeitos de estabildade atmosférica tende a subestimar a velocidade e a produção de energia, em casos de atmosfera estável.In Brazil, there is a growing interest in exploring coastal areas for the production of wind energy, in the so-called offshore wind farms. In this context, it becomes important to quantify the impact of different weather phenomena, and how they influence wind speed. In this work, the phenomenon of atmospheric stability is studied, in a region of approximately 546 km², off the coast of Rio de Janeiro, investigating the impact of its consideration on variations in speed and energy production. Five years of climate data from two public sources, the ERA5 reanalysis series and the "GHRSST Level 4 G1SST Global Foundation Sea Surface Temperature" temperature map is used. The Monin-Obukov (MOST) similarity theory is used to quantify atmospheric stability. The results of the work point to the existence of regions of positive atmospheric stability near the coast of Cabo Frio-RJ, in the summer months, which can be explained by the upwelling of deep and cold waters, towards the surface of the coastal sea, cooling it. The results also indicate limitations in the similarity theory, for cases of strong stability. Finally, the disregard of atmospheric stability effects tends to underestimate the velocity and energy production, in cases of stable atmosphere

Transparência em compras públicas: proposta de um índice da transparência na gestão de compras públicas aplicado aos websites de municípios brasileiros com mais de 100 mil habitantes

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Sócio-Econômico, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Contabilidade, Florianópolis, 2013.O estudo se insere no contexto da utilização dos meios eletrônicos para divulgação de atos de gestão de governo, específicos sobre a gestão de compras públicas. A ausência de prestação de contas tem acobertado reiterados casos de mau uso de recursos públicos. Busca-se responder qual a transparência conferida pelas administrações de municípios, com mais de 100 mil habitantes, na gestão de compras de bens e serviços em seus websites institucionais. O objetivo geral da pesquisa é aferir o nível de transparência na divulgação de compras públicas nos websites institucionais dos municípios brasileiros com mais de 100 mil habitantes. A metodologia adotada é descritiva ao retratar a situação da divulgação das compras públicas com o uso de ferramentas de tecnologia de informação e comunicação. É uma pesquisa documental, com coleta de variáveis qualitativas em bases de dados secundários mantidas pelos municípios na internet. O trabalho apresenta uma escala para classificar a transparência conferida pela administração municipal na divulgação das suas compras. Ele oferece contribuições para a academia, para os gestores públicos e para a sociedade, pois auxilia no controle social. O Índice da Transparência na Gestão de Compras Públicas ? ITGCP foi aplicado a uma amostra de 91 municípios, com mais de 100 mil habitantes, de todos os estados do país. Os resultados encontrados com o ITGCP permitem verificar quais as variáveis estão favorecendo ou prejudicando o desempenho dos municípios quanto ao disclousure das informações de sua gestão. O ITGCP também permite a classificação e o enquadramento dos municípios em quatro categorias de transparência e apresentar um ranking entre os municípios quanto à divulgação de informações sobre a gestão compras em seus websites institucionais. As variáveis que mais contribuíram para o alcance da transparência foram a Adoção de TIC para divulgação de informações da gestão de compras e a manutenção das informações por pelo menos três exercícios. Os resultados da aplicação da escala de classificação dos municípios indicam que apenas 03 municípios alcançaram a categoria de ?muito transparente? e 52,75% dos municípios pesquisados permaneceram nas categorias de menor transparência. Nenhum município alcançou a pontuação máxima "totalmente transparente" e nenhum município ficou na posição "não transparente". Abstract : The study is in the context of the use of electronic media to publicize acts of government management, specifically on the management of public procurement. The lack of accountability has covered up repeated cases of misuse of public funds. The study seeks to answer which is the transparency afforded by administrations of municipalities with over 100 thousand inhabitants, in the management of purchases of goods and services in their institutional websites. The overall goal of the research is to assess the level of transparency in the disclosure of public procurement in the institutional websites of municipalities with over 100 thousand inhabitants. The methodology adopted is descriptive and tried to portray the situation disclosure of procurement using tools of information technology and communication. It is a documentary research, with qualitative variables in secondary databases maintained by municipalities on the internet. The paper presents a scale for rating the transparency afforded by the municipal administration in publicizing their purchases. It offers contributions to the academy, for policy makers and for society, as it helps in social control. The index Transparency in Public Procurement Management - ITGCP was applied to a sample of 91 municipalities with over 100 thousand inhabitants, from all states. The results with ITGCP ascertaining which variables are favoring or harming the performance of municipalities regarding disclousure of information management. The ITGCP also allows the classification of municipalities into four categories transparency and provide a ranking among municipalities regarding the disclosure of information about managing institutional purchases on their websites. The variables that contributed most to the achievement of transparency were the Adoption of ICT for disclosure of procurement management and maintenance of information for at least three years. The results of applying the rating scale of municipalities indicate that only 03 counties have reached the category of "very transparent" and 52.75% of the municipalities surveyed remained in the categories of less transparency. No municipality has achieved the maximum score "fully transparent" and no municipality was in the "not transparent."

Stress, Coping, Occupational Attitudes, and Burnout Among Mental Health Practitioners

While the concept of stress has intrigued researchers for centuries, occupational stress is a relatively new area and found to be critical in the understanding of physical and psychological health as well as occupational attitudes and performance (Abbott, 1990; Cox, 1993; Lambert & Hogan, 2009; Lazarus & Folkman, 1984; Lloyd, King, & Chenoweth, 2002; Snow, Swan, Raghavan, Connell, & Klein, 2003; Väänänena, Anttilab, Turtiainena, & Varje, 2012). Due to the nature of their work, mental health practitioners are particularly susceptible to work stress and ensuing burnout and turnover. Previous research, guided by the transactional theory of stress and coping (Lazarus & Folkman, 1984), suggests that coping style mediates the impact of stress on the individual. As such, the paper starts with a review of stress and coping via the transactional theory, and then explores the impact on employee functioning. Subsequently, 150 mental health practitioners were sampled to examine stress, coping, and occupational attitudes. Results suggest that stress, coping, burnout, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment are significantly related, and that levels of stress, burnout, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment vary based on coping style, years of practice, work setting, and presenting client concerns. Furthermore, stress has direct effects on coping style, emotional exhaustion, and job satisfaction, while job satisfaction directly affects emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and affective commitment