Vital NETosis vs. suicidal NETosis during normal pregnancy and preeclampsia

Background: NETosis occurs in the context of infection or inflammation and results in the expulsion of decondensed DNA filaments called NETs (Neutrophil Extracellular Traps) into the extracellular environment. NETosis activates coagulation and contributes to the thrombotic risk of inflammatory diseases. To date, two mechanisms of NETosis have been identified: suicidal NETosis, in which neutrophils die after expelling the filaments; and vital NETosis, in which expulsion appears without altering the membrane. Human pregnancy is associated with a mild pro-inflammatory state, which is increased in the event of complications such as preeclampsia (PE). NETosis has been observed in these situations, but the mechanism of its production has not yet been studied. The aim of our study was to evaluate the balance of vital vs. suicidal NETosis in normal pregnancy and in PE.Patients/Methods: Neutrophils from healthy volunteers were stimulated with plasma from normal pregnancies (n = 13) and from women developing preeclampsia (n = 13). Immunofluorescent labelling was performed to determine the percentages and origin of NETs in both groups. Inhibition with suicidal or vital NETosis inhibitors was also performed to validate our results.Results: We found a significant increase in NETs in women with PE compared to women with normal pregnancies. We showed that vital and non-vital NETosis are present in normal and preeclamptic pregnancies. We demonstrated that the higher proportion of NETs observed in PE was due to non-vital NETosis whose main component is represented by suicidal NETosis.Discussion: These results suggest the important part of non-vital NETosis in the pathophysiology of PE

Development of reinforcement parietal meshes for pelvic organ prolapse

Les interventions chirurgicales avec prothèses pour défauts de soutènement ont déjà nécessité l'implantation de plus d'un million de prothèses dans le monde. L'indication des prothèses de soutènement synthétiques non résorbables a permis de diminuer les récidives à court terme mais présente une incidence non négligeable de complications postopératoires. Le taux de réinterventions reste encore trop élevé. Cette thèse a pour objectif d'apporter de nouvelles propriétés à ces prothèses de polypropylène, pour à la fois améliorer leur résistance à l'infection et permettre leur visualisation en IRM clinique. Des treillis libérant des antibiotiques de façon contrôlée sont développés par enduction de polymère dégradable et biocompatible contenant des antibiotiques. Cette enduction présente une activité antibactérienne in vivo significative. Une autre enduction de polymères dégradables ou non dégradables, par une technique de pulvérisation par aérographie, permet une visualisation en IRM des treillis in vitro et après implantation. La stabilité du polymère greffé avec l'agent de contraste autorise une visualisation des treillis pendant au moins douze mois.Surgical procedures with synthetic meshes have yet allowed more than one million operations. Non absorbable synthetic mesh used has permitted to decrease clinical recurrence at short term, but post operative complications still exist. Re operation rate is still too high. This study aims to develop new properties for those polypropylene meshes, such as infection resistance and MRI visualization. Meshes with controlled release of antibiotics were obtained after polymer coating and showed a significant in vivo antibacterial effect. Another mesh coating, with an aerograph procedure, has allowed MRI mesh visualization. To visualize by MRI, meshes after implantation, two new MRI visible polymer (degradable and non degradable) were coated onto meshes using an airbrush system. This coating allows the visualization of meshes in vitro and in vivo with experimental and clinical MR equipments. The stability of the MRI visible polymers permits to in vitro to visualize meshes during at least one year

Development of reinforcement parietal meshes for pelvic organ prolapse

Les interventions chirurgicales avec prothèses pour défauts de soutènement ont déjà nécessité l'implantation de plus d'un million de prothèses dans le monde. L'indication des prothèses de soutènement synthétiques non résorbables a permis de diminuer les récidives à court terme mais présente une incidence non négligeable de complications postopératoires. Le taux de réinterventions reste encore trop élevé. Cette thèse a pour objectif d'apporter de nouvelles propriétés à ces prothèses de polypropylène, pour à la fois améliorer leur résistance à l'infection et permettre leur visualisation en IRM clinique. Des treillis libérant des antibiotiques de façon contrôlée sont développés par enduction de polymère dégradable et biocompatible contenant des antibiotiques. Cette enduction présente une activité antibactérienne in vivo significative. Une autre enduction de polymères dégradables ou non dégradables, par une technique de pulvérisation par aérographie, permet une visualisation en IRM des treillis in vitro et après implantation. La stabilité du polymère greffé avec l'agent de contraste autorise une visualisation des treillis pendant au moins douze mois.Surgical procedures with synthetic meshes have yet allowed more than one million operations. Non absorbable synthetic mesh used has permitted to decrease clinical recurrence at short term, but post operative complications still exist. Re operation rate is still too high. This study aims to develop new properties for those polypropylene meshes, such as infection resistance and MRI visualization. Meshes with controlled release of antibiotics were obtained after polymer coating and showed a significant in vivo antibacterial effect. Another mesh coating, with an aerograph procedure, has allowed MRI mesh visualization. To visualize by MRI, meshes after implantation, two new MRI visible polymer (degradable and non degradable) were coated onto meshes using an airbrush system. This coating allows the visualization of meshes in vitro and in vivo with experimental and clinical MR equipments. The stability of the MRI visible polymers permits to in vitro to visualize meshes during at least one year

Evaluation de l'utilisation du ballonet de tamponnement intra-utérin (Bakri) dans l'hémorragie du post-partum (étude rétrospective et multicentrique)

MONTPELLIER-BU Médecine UPM (341722108) / SudocMONTPELLIER-BU Médecine (341722104) / SudocSudocFranceF

Optimisation des prothèses de renfort pariétal dans la cure de prolapsus des organes pelviens

Les interventions chirurgicales avec prothèses pour défauts de soutènement ont déjà nécessité l'implantation de plus d'un million de prothèses dans le monde. L'indication des prothèses de soutènement synthétiques non résorbables a permis de diminuer les récidives à court terme mais présente une incidence non négligeable de complications postopératoires. Le taux de réinterventions reste encore trop élevé. Cette thèse a pour objectif d'apporter de nouvelles propriétés à ces prothèses de polypropylène, pour à la fois améliorer leur résistance à l'infection et permettre leur visualisation en IRM clinique. Des treillis libérant des antibiotiques de façon contrôlée sont développés par enduction de polymère dégradable et biocompatible contenant des antibiotiques. Cette enduction présente une activité antibactérienne in vivo significative. Une autre enduction de polymères dégradables ou non dégradables, par une technique de pulvérisation par aérographie, permet une visualisation en IRM des treillis in vitro et après implantation. La stabilité du polymère greffé avec l'agent de contraste autorise une visualisation des treillis pendant au moins douze mois.Surgical procedures with synthetic meshes have yet allowed more than one million operations. Non absorbable synthetic mesh used has permitted to decrease clinical recurrence at short term, but post operative complications still exist. Re operation rate is still too high. This study aims to develop new properties for those polypropylene meshes, such as infection resistance and MRI visualization. Meshes with controlled release of antibiotics were obtained after polymer coating and showed a significant in vivo antibacterial effect. Another mesh coating, with an aerograph procedure, has allowed MRI mesh visualization. To visualize by MRI, meshes after implantation, two new MRI visible polymer (degradable and non degradable) were coated onto meshes using an airbrush system. This coating allows the visualization of meshes in vitro and in vivo with experimental and clinical MR equipments. The stability of the MRI visible polymers permits to in vitro to visualize meshes during at least one year.MONTPELLIER-BU Médecine UPM (341722108) / SudocSudocFranceF

Are we performing episiotomies correctly? A study to evaluate French technique in a high-risk maternity unit

International audienceINTRODUCTION:The aim of this study was to evaluate episiotomy technique, in particular suture angles, and any correlation between suture angle and severe perineal tears.MATERIAL AND METHODS:An observational questionnaire-based study was conducted between 01 August 2015 and 30 April 2016 among accoucheurs performing episiotomies in a French maternity unit with facilities for high-risk pregnancies. For each patient included, accoucheurs were asked to measure the episiotomy suture angle, and to record the angle at which they thought they had cut, the length of the episiotomy, its distance from the anus, and whether the woman sustained a sphincter injury.RESULTS:The centre's episiotomy rate during the study period was 15%. We analyzed the characteristics of episiotomies performed on 89 women (68 by doctors and 21 by midwives). Only 43% of suture angles were between 45° and 60° (45.6% of those performed by doctors vs 38.1% by midwives, p=0.8623), whereas 91% of accoucheurs thought they had cut within the correct range. Doctors made longer incisions than midwives (4 [4.2-5.0] vs 3 [2.5-3.5] cm, p=0.0006). Only 40.5% of accoucheurs correctly estimated the incision angle. Twelve (13.64%) of the 88 women sustained a third-degree perineal tear. The risk of sphincter injury was higher with suture angles <45° (odds ratio 5.46 [1.11-26.75], p=0.037). After multivariate analysis, this result was no longer significant (p=0.079).CONCLUSION:It appears that many accoucheurs have difficulty estimating episiotomy incision angles correctly and that education and training in this domain requires improvement

Highlights of the 40th IUGA meeting in Nice, June 2015

International audienc

Utero-vaginal suspension using bilateral vaginal anterior sacrospinous fixation with mesh: intermediate results of a cohort study

International audienceINTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS:Pelvic organ prolapse is a major burden for the public health system, affecting up to 30 % of all women. One mesh kit has been introduced for pelvic organ prolapse surgery that can be inserted via a single anterior incision with the mesh arms driven through the sacrospinous ligament in a tension-free manner. The aim of this study was to describe the medium-term results of this vaginal mesh kit procedure for the combined treatment of the anterior vaginal wall and vault prolapse.METHODS:This is a longitudinal case series of patients undergoing an anterior mesh operation between 2009 and 2013. All patients presenting with symptomatic stage II prolapse or higher were included when a minimum follow-up of 12 months was achieved. A structured interview and clinical examination were performed pre- and postoperatively.RESULTS:One hundred and eighteen consecutive patients were operated with the Uphold® system during the study period. Three patients did not complete the 12-month follow-up and were excluded from the analysis, leaving 115 patients. Anatomical success at a mean follow-up of 23 months was 93 %, with a patient satisfaction rate of 95 %. Four patients (8 %) experienced de novo dyspareunia related to the mesh. The reoperation rate for mesh-related complications was 3.4 %; no patients were re-operated for POP recurrence.CONCLUSIONS:The subjective and objective cure rates were high and the mesh-related re-operation rate was 3 % in the medium term, suggesting that this surgical technique may be an option for women requiring anterior and apical prolapse repair

Treatment of neovaginal prolapse: case report and systematic review of the literature

International audienceINTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS:Neovaginal prolapse (NP) is a rare event as few cases have been reported in the literature. Its management is complex and depends on the initial pathology, the vaginoplasty technique and the patient's history. We present a review the literature on this rare event.METHODS:We describe the case of a 72-year-old woman who presented with NP 1 year after pelvic exenteration and radiotherapy for recurrent cervical carcinoma associated with vaginal reconstruction by shaped-tube omentoplasty. She had undergone two previous surgical procedures (posterior sacrospinous ligament suspension and partial colpocleisis), but NP recurred each time within a few months. We performed an anterior approach to the sacrospinous ligament and inserted a mesh under the anterior wall of the neovagina, with the two mesh arms driven through the sacrospinous ligament in a tension-free manner (Uphold Lite® system). The MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials and OpenGrey databases were systematically searched for literature on the management of NP following bowel vaginoplasty, mechanical dilatation, graciloplasty, omentoplasty, rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap and the Davydov procedure.RESULTS:The postoperative course in the patient whose case is described was uneventful and after 1 year of follow-up, the anatomical results and patient satisfaction were good. The systematic search of the databases revealed several studies on the treatment of NP using abdominal and vaginal approaches, and these are reviewed.CONCLUSIONS:Overall, sacrocolpopexy would appear to be a good option for the treatment of prolapse after bowel vaginoplasty, but too few cases have been reported to establish this technique as the standard management of NP