Novel cellulose particles by regeneration from homogeneous solution

The theme of the thesis has been the preparation of cellulose particles from homogeneous ionic liquid solutions. The work approaches this topic from the materials chemistry perspective and focuses on physical properties of the obtained materials and the methodological details of their preparation. Novel cellulose macro- and microparticles have been prepared from two cellulose solvents systems, [DBNH][OAc]/DMSO and [P4441][OAc]/GVL. The two types of particles and their preparation methods are very different and distinct. The large beads are prepared using remarkably simple hands-on method, while the small particles are prepared by exploiting a thermally triggered gelation of cellulose. Both particles are scientifically interesting and observations made during their preparation provide insight to the field of cellulose materials chemistry. Special attention has been given to exploring their potential applications outside the laboratory in the commercial and industrial sectors. The laboratory work examines the experimental parameters of the cellulose particle production methods in detail. The particle preparation methods are very simple in practice. Emphasis has been given to describing the observed novel phenomena and fine-tuning the processes for efficiency. The procured cellulose particles have been analysed using a variety of methods including optical microscopy, SEM, XRD, WAXS, CP-MAS, VSM and H-NMR

Alarm system for insect migration using weather radars

The pilot system for forecasting insect migrations to next two days will be operated during May and June 2008. Forecasts are concentrating on two major pests; namely diamond-back moth and bird cherry aphid. Five to ten pilot users will get automatic SMS warning messages and are able to study the situation more thoroughly via specific web pages. The pilot users report to the study team about their findings and the usefulness of the service. The validity of the service will be tested using field traps

A Climatology of Disdrometer Measurements of Rainfall in Finland over Five Years with Implications for Global Radar Observations

To improve the understanding of high-latitude rain microphysics and its implications for the remote sensing of rainfall by ground-based and spaceborne radars, raindrop size measurements have been analyzed that were collected over five years with a Joss–Waldvogel disdrometer located in Järvenpää, Finland. The analysis shows that the regional climate is characterized by light rain and small drop size with narrow size distributions and that the mutual relations of drop size distribution parameters differ from those reported at lower latitudes. Radar parameters computed from the distributions demonstrate that the high latitudes are a challenging target for weather radar observations, particularly those employing polarimetric and dual-frequency techniques. Nevertheless, the findings imply that polarimetric ground radars can produce reliable “ground truth” estimates for space observations and identify dual-frequency radars utilizing a W-band channel as promising tools for observing rainfall in the high-latitude climate.Peer reviewe

Anthropogenic Illumination as Guiding Light for Nocturnal Bird Migrants Identified by Remote Sensing

Migrant birds rely on environmental and celestial cues for navigation and orientation during their journeys. Adverse weather, such as heavy rain or fog, but also thick layers of low-level clouds, affect visibility and can challenge birds’ ability to orientate. Therefore, birds typically favour certain meteorological conditions for migration. Photopollution from artificial lights outdoors and radiated from buildings is known to negatively affect nocturnal migrants’ flight behaviour and trajectories, which may lead to collisions with human infrastructure. Positive effects of artificial light have been identified in some stationary birds, e.g., for extended foraging hours, though not during migration. In the present study, we show the effect of artificial light on the concentration and flight directions of migrating birds during overcast conditions in the peri-urban woodland in Southern Finland. Overcast conditions, by low-level clouds, prompted birds to migrate at low altitudes. Instead of spatially homogenous large-scale migration patterns, birds were observed to adapt their flight directions, in accordance with the artificial lights of the urbanized area. By using dual- and single-polarisation weather radar data we were able to study small-scale patterns of bird movements under the influence of low-level cloud layers. These cases show the remarkable capability of the existing weather radar networks to study bird migration

Anthropogenic Illumination as Guiding Light for Nocturnal Bird Migrants Identified by Remote Sensing

Migrant birds rely on environmental and celestial cues for navigation and orientation during their journeys. Adverse weather, such as heavy rain or fog, but also thick layers of low-level clouds, affect visibility and can challenge birds’ ability to orientate. Therefore, birds typically favour certain meteorological conditions for migration. Photopollution from artificial lights outdoors and radiated from buildings is known to negatively affect nocturnal migrants’ flight behaviour and trajectories, which may lead to collisions with human infrastructure. Positive effects of artificial light have been identified in some stationary birds, e.g., for extended foraging hours, though not during migration. In the present study, we show the effect of artificial light on the concentration and flight directions of migrating birds during overcast conditions in the peri-urban woodland in Southern Finland. Overcast conditions, by low-level clouds, prompted birds to migrate at low altitudes. Instead of spatially homogenous large-scale migration patterns, birds were observed to adapt their flight directions, in accordance with the artificial lights of the urbanized area. By using dual- and single-polarisation weather radar data we were able to study small-scale patterns of bird movements under the influence of low-level cloud layers. These cases show the remarkable capability of the existing weather radar networks to study bird migration

Lonkan ja polven tekonivelkirurgian järjestäminen sekä ehdotus hoidon yhtenäisistä perusteista. Selvityshenkilöiden raportti

Polven ja lonkan tekonivelleikkaukset ovat tavallisimpia vaativia leikkauksia Suomessa. Hoito on osoitettu vaikuttavaksi ja kustannustehokkaaksi. Vuonna 2016 ensivaiheen leikkauksia tehtiin 21 797. Leikkausmäärät ovat kasvaneet nopeasti kaikissa ikäryhmissä. OECD-maiden vertailussa Suomessa tehdään tekonivelkirurgiaa runsaasti. Maassamme on suurta sisäistä vaihtelua leikkausmäärissä. Sen syy lienee leikkausindikaatioiden erilaisuus. Terveydenhuoltolaki ja sen asetukset keskittävät keinonivelleikkauksia vuoden 2018 aikana harvempiin sairaaloihin nykyisestä 50 julkisesta sairaalasta. Selvityshenkilöt ovat laatineet ehdotuksen yhtenäisistä kansallisista perusteista lonkan ja polven tekonivelleikkauksille. Hoidon perusteet muodostuvat leikkaushoidon aiheesta (indikaatio) ja vasta-aiheesta (kontraindikaatio). Näiden molempien huomioiminen on keskeistä sekä potilasta terveyskeskuksista hoitoon ohjatessa, että hoitopäätöstä tehtäessä erikoissairaanhoidossa. Liitännäissairaudet huonontavat tekonivelleikkausten tuloksia. Tekonivelleikkaukseen tulevat potilaat tulee tunnistaa heidän liitännäissairauksiin liittyvän riskin suhteen. Riskiä tulee vähentää ennen leikkausta, ja niillä potilailla, joilla riski on erityksen korkea, leikkausta tulee siirtää todettujen sairauksien hoitamiseksi; tai kokonaan luopua leikkauksesta, mikäli riskiä pidetään korkeana suhteessa leikkauksella mahdollisesti saavutettavaan hyötyyn. Valtakunnallinen rekisteri on paras ja luotettavin keino osoittaa tekonivelkirurgian volyymit sairaaloittain ja suhteuttaa ne alueen väestöpohjaan. Tekonivelrekisteriä tulee ponnekkaasti jatkokehittää siihen suuntaan, että siitä saataisiin myös kirurgisen hoidon laatuun ja vaikuttavuuteen liittyviä tietoja kansallisella tasolla vertailukelpoisesti

The influence of synoptic scale flow on sea breeze induced surface winds and calm zones

Peer reviewe

Clinical and nutritional biomarkers - tools to verify effects of personal APOE gene risk status information and health guidance intervention

201

Early warning system for insect migration using weather radars

v2008oktat puj ta