Molecular characterization of clover and dill infecting cryptic viruses : detection, protein interactions and evolutionary relationships

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Deskriptive Fehleranalyse im internistischen Ultraschall der Stufe DEGUM III im Zeitraum 03/2006-03/2013

Deskriptive Fehleranalyse im internistischen Ultraschall der Stufe DEGUM III im Zeitraum von 3/2006-3/2013 Helena Lesker, Prof. Dr. med. C. Görg Hintergrund: Die Rate von diagnostischen Fehlern wird mit ca. 10 % angegeben (1). Ein transparenter Umgang mit Fehlern ist im Hinblick auf Patientensicherung notwendig. Im oben genannten Zeitraum waren 224 diagnostische Fehler bei einem Untersucher der DEGUM Stufe III evident. Ziel: Fehler im internistischen Ultraschall zu analysieren und zu beschreiben, sowie anhand grundlegender Einflussfaktoren zu untersuchen. Methoden: n= 154 diagnostische Fehler erfüllten die Einschlusskriterien und wurden retrospektiv analysiert. Es wurde unterschieden zwischen major / minor Fehlern (mit / ohne Konsequenz für Patienten) und vermeidbaren/ nicht vermeidbaren Fehlern. Einflussfaktoren wie 1.gerätebedingte Faktoren, 2. patientenbedingte Faktoren, 3. äußere klinische Faktoren und 4.untersucherbedingte Faktoren wurden differenziert. Ergebnisse: Bei n=43 Patienten (27,9%) lagen Majorfehler und in n= 111 lagen Minorfehler (72,1%) vor. Die Fehler wurden in n= 40 Fällen (26%) als vermeidbar und in n= 114 Fällen (74%) als nicht vermeidbar eingestuft. Folgende Faktoren hatten Einfluss auf Fehlerrate: CEUS, Patientenalter, Schallbedingungen, Organregion, Tageszeit, inkorrekte Ultraschallanforderung. Schlussfolgerung: Die retrospektive Fehleranalyse zeigt hilfreiche Ansätze zur Fehlervermeidung. Es ist zu fordern, dass eine prospektive transparente Fehlerdetektion, Dokumentation und Analyse standardisiert in jedem Ultraschallzentrum durchgeführt wird

Sociocultural Impact of Reservoirs on Local Government Institutions

This study of the probable sociocultural impact of a proposed reservoir in central Kentucky on the institutions of local governments of a community adjacent to the reservoir utilizes anthropological concepts of social values and cultural and social change as well as anthropological research techniques. Data on observed impact on the same institutions in communities adjacent to two recently completed Kentucky reservoirs permit inferences as to probable directions and extent of reservoir-related change. Specific aspects of impact considered include: effects of reduction of the county tax base due to Federal acquisition of lands, including necessity for increased severity of taxes and changes in assessments, problems related to effective planning and zoning, potential benefits from development or expansion of city and county potable water supply, effects of reservoir caused highway relocation on county roads and county road maintenance, and effects of reservoir-created tourism patterns on local law enforcement. The overall purpose of the study is to recommend to the agency (Corps of Engineers) that is causing massive environmental change through creation of a manmade lake, improvements in policies and procedures that will increase sociocultural benefits and decrease sociocultural costs

Poetik der Implikation: Referentialität und Kombinatorik im Werk Walter Kempowskis

Grundlegend für die Analyse sind die Termini Referentialität und Kombinatorik. Kommentar und Desavouierung der bürgerlichen Lebenssphäre werden bei Kempowski nicht explizit von den Erzählinstanzen vorgenommen, sondern durch Bezugnahmen sowie deren gezielte Distribution und durch ihre Kombination mit anderen Topoi implizit verhandelt. Die Dissertation analysiert die Verfahrensweise der impliziten Wertung und Kommentierung und macht sie für die literaturwissenschaftliche Interpretation am Beispiel Kempowski nutzbar

CAMISIM: Simulating metagenomes and microbial communities

© 2019 The Author(s). Background: Shotgun metagenome data sets of microbial communities are highly diverse, not only due to the natural variation of the underlying biological systems, but also due to differences in laboratory protocols, replicate numbers, and sequencing technologies. Accordingly, to effectively assess the performance of metagenomic analysis software, a wide range of benchmark data sets are required. Results: We describe the CAMISIM microbial community and metagenome simulator. The software can model different microbial abundance profiles, multi-sample time series, and differential abundance studies, includes real and simulated strain-level diversity, and generates second- and third-generation sequencing data from taxonomic profiles or de novo. Gold standards are created for sequence assembly, genome binning, taxonomic binning, and taxonomic profiling. CAMSIM generated the benchmark data sets of the first CAMI challenge. For two simulated multi-sample data sets of the human and mouse gut microbiomes, we observed high functional congruence to the real data. As further applications, we investigated the effect of varying evolutionary genome divergence, sequencing depth, and read error profiles on two popular metagenome assemblers, MEGAHIT, and metaSPAdes, on several thousand small data sets generated with CAMISIM. Conclusions: CAMISIM can simulate a wide variety of microbial communities and metagenome data sets together with standards of truth for method evaluation

The gut microbiota and genetic risk for rheumatoid arthritis in the absence of disease:a TwinsUK association study

BackgroundRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease associated with reduced life expectancy. It is heritable and an extensive repertoire of genetic variants have been identified. The gut microbiota may represent an environmental risk factor for RA. Indeed, Prevotella copri is a candidate keystone species, but whether it lies on the causal pathway for disease or is simply a bystander reflecting host-genetic predisposition to RA, remains to be determined. The study of disease-microbiota associations may be confounded by the presence of the disease of interest or by its treatment. To circumvent this issue, we assessed whether known RA risk alleles were associated with the gut microbiota, in a large population who do not have RA.MethodsBlood and stool acquired from volunteers from TwinsUK were used for genotyping and assessment of the gut microbiota, respectively. A weighted polygenic risk score (PRS) for RA was calculated in 1650 unaffected twins from the TwinsUK cohort, based on 233 GWAS-identified published RA associated single nucleotide polymorphisms. Amplicon sequence variants were generated from 16S rRNA sequencing of stool samples and assessed for association with RA PRS. Confirmation of findings was performed using an independent sample comprised of first-degree relatives of RA patients from the SCREEN-RA cohort (n=133).FindingsWe found that Prevotella spp was positively associated with RA PRS in TwinsUK participants (q <1e-7). This finding was validated in SCREEN-RA participants carrying the shared epitope risk alleles (q = 1·12e-3). An association of Prevotella spp with pre-clinical RA phases was also demonstrated (q = 0·021).InterpretationPrevotella in the gut microbiota is associated with RA genotype in the absence of RA, as well as in subjects at high risk of developing RA. This work suggests that host genotype is associated with microbiota profile prior to disease onset

Extension of the Segatella copri complex to 13 species with distinct large extrachromosomal elements and associations with host conditions

The Segatella copri (formerly Prevotella copri) complex (ScC) comprises taxa that are key members of the human gut microbiome. It was previously described to contain four distinct phylogenetic clades. Combining targeted isolation with large-scale metagenomic analysis, we defined 13 distinct Segatella copri-related species, expanding the ScC complex beyond four clades. Complete genome reconstruction of thirteen strains from seven species unveiled the presence of genetically diverse large circular extrachromosomal elements. These elements are consistently present in most ScC species, contributing to intra- and inter-species diversities. The nine species-level clades present in humans display striking differences in prevalence and intraspecies genetic makeup across human populations. Based on a meta-analysis, we found reproducible associations between members of ScC and the male sex and positive correlations with lower visceral fat and favorable markers of cardiometabolic health. Our work uncovers genomic diversity within ScC, facilitating a better characterization of the human microbiome