Хронический эндометрит и репродуктивные нарушения: версии и контраверсии

Among married couples of childbearing age, the frequency of infertility in different regions of Russia and the world ranges from 10 to 21%. The effectiveness of the results of in vitro fertilization (IVF) and embryo transfer is determined by two factors: the functional completeness of the embryo at the blastocyst stage and the absence of intrauterine pathology. One of the main causes of imperfect or unsuccessful implantation is an impaired function and damaged endometrial structure, which is often caused by a chronic inflammatory process in the endometrium. Chronic endometritis (CE) is a condition associated with a violation of the coexistence between microorganisms and the immune system of a macroorganism in the endometrium. A majority of CE cases produce no noticeable clinical signs or mild symptoms and the CE prevalence rate is approximately 10% based on the histological findings of an endometrial biopsy.The interconnection between СE and reproductive dysfunctions, such as implant damage and repeated miscarriage, has been studied by many researchers at the present stage. Chronic endometritis is common among patients with unexplained infertility. Diagnosis and treatment of chronic endometritis increase the frequency of spontaneous pregnancies and live births in such patients. The diagnosis of chronic endometritis is not simple, often contradictory, and, thus, requires close cooperation between the fertility specialist and the pathologist. In this study, we reviewed the literature on the pathophysiology of chronic endometritis and how it may be associated with infertility, as well as the literature regarding the diagnosis and treatment of CE, published at PubMed as on May 2019 in a version and contra-version format.Частота бесплодия в разных регионах России и в мире среди супружеских пар репродуктивного возраста колеблется от 10 до 21%. Существует два основных фактора, определяющих эффективность результатов экстракорпорального оплодотворения (ЭКО) и переноса эмбрионов: функциональная полноценность эмбриона на стадии бластоцисты и отсутствие внутриматочной патологии. Одной из главных причин неполноценной или неудачной имплантации являются нарушенная функция и поврежденная структура эндометрия, часто обусловленная хроническим воспалительным процессом в эндометрии. Хронический эндометрит (ХЭ) – это состояние, связанное с нарушением сосуществования между микроорганизмами и иммунной системой макроорганизма в эндометрии. В большинстве случаев ХЭ не имеет заметных клинических признаков, а его распространенность на основании гистологического заключения биопсии эндометрия составляет около 10%. Связь между ХЭ и репродуктивными нарушениями, такими как имплантационная недостаточность и повторный выкидыш, стала предметом пристального внимания многих современных исследований. Обращает на себя внимание распространенность хронического эндометрита у женщин с необъяснимым бесплодием, а диагностика и лечение хронического эндометрита повышают частоту спонтанных беременностей и живорождений у таких пациенток. Диагноз хронического эндометрита является не простым, а зачастую противоречивым и требует тесного сотрудничестваспециалистов – репродуктологов и патоморфологов.В этом обзоре мы рассмотрели литературу по вопросам патофизиологии ХЭ, возможных причин, ассоциированных с бесплодием, а также привели результаты научных исследований, касающихся диагностики и лечения ХЭ, которые были опубликованы в коллекции PubMed по состоянию на май 2019 г. в формате изложения версий и  контраверсий

DIETARY HABITS OF MODERN HIGH SCHOOL AND STUDENT GIRLS ACCORDING TO THE QUESTIONNAIRE DESIGN

As a result of questioning of high school and student girls of Irkutsk region we got data on the adequacy and. condition of their nutrition. The nutrition of most of high, school and. student girls is unsatisfactory according to the indices of structural and. biological value of food

Топология оптических сетей FTTH (Fiber-to-the-Home)

This article describes different architecture of access networks, access protocols; also, we analyzed the characteristics of optical networks FTTH (Fiber to the Home). The optical fiber with today is the main transport medium in the backbone and metro network. Using of fiber optic cable instead of copper cable has allowed to significantly increasing the quality of service. The greatest potential for broadband networks today have a fiber-optic technology under the general term FTTX (Fiber To The X - fiber to the X point), in which from the node connection to a specified location (point X) comes optics, and then to the subscriber - copper cable (and possible option, in which optics routed directly to a subscriber unit). Fiber optic access networks currently based on different architectures and technologies. Standards for these technologies and available of equipment make development of service-provider networks without risks. The success of their work stimulate to the dynamic development of the industry. Nowadays the PON architecture became very popular. The main factors of the most configurations of Ethernet FTTH it is the flexibility of the business model and the ability to support future services.В настоящее время архитектуры на базе PON получили большое распространение. Основными факторами большинства конфигураций Ethernet FTTH является гибкость бизнес-модели и способность поддерживать будущие сервисы. В этой статье описываются различные архитектуры сетей доступа, рассматриваются протоколы доступа, а также анализируются характеристики оптических сетей FTTH (Fiber to the Home). Успешность их деятельности является стимулом к динамичному развитию этой отрасли

EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS PREVENT VIOLATIONS OF REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH AND FORMATION REPRODUCTIVE AND SEXUAL CULTURE OF MODERN YOUTH (LITERATURE REVIEW)

The level of awareness on reproductive health, and safety of sexual relations of the modern teenagers is low and. not corresponding to the modern requirements and. to their lifestyle. The presented, facts of the literature review prove good, timing and. the need, for implementation, of youth, reproductive education programs aimed, at raising awareness on reproductive health, issues and. the skills to save it

ГЕНДЕРНІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ РЕСУРСНОСТІ ПОЛІЦЕЙСЬКИХ

The urgency of the chosen topic, which is related to the need to study the potential of police officers of both sexes, has been outlined. The latest research on the chosen issues of Ukrainian and foreign scholars has been analyzed, and the objective of the article was to present the results of an empirical study of gender characteristics of psychological potential of police officers. According to the results of the study, the authors have revealed a lack of gender differences in the level of psychological potential within studied persons: 68% of future patrol police officers have a high level of potential; 27% has the studied persons with the average level of psychological potential of sample group; and the smallest – about 5% – is the group with low level of psychological potential. The gender features of potential have been revealed: formed with psychological resources in the group of women are “work on themselves” and “love”, in the group of men – “success”. The most developed psychological resources in both groups of the studied persons were “self-realization in the profession”, “self-confidence”, “help to others” and “responsibility”, which can be considered as a factor of changes in both professional development and personal self-development. The relationships between the components of psychological potential and decision-making factors in the groups of studied persons have been established: the ability of women to update their own resources and the desire to creatively work on them increases their tendency to rationality, moderation and procrastination, and the presence of such gender-colored features as sensitivity, empathy and openness to people, predetermine the probability of implementing such decision-making factor as “avoidance”. Actualization of the ability to use own resources of men and the desire for self-realization strengthens their ability to take responsibility and diligence, allows to choose the most appropriate options for behavior and rational decisions, decreasing conformism; in a situation of decision-making they are prone to productive coping “vigilance”. The obtained data allow to study sources of potential of police officers (both men and women), to determine the ways to optimize their psychological potential and provide an opportunity to more effectively organize the psychological support of their professional activities.Актуальність теми пов’язана з потребою вивчення ресурсності працівників поліції обох статей. Представлено результати емпіричного вивчення гендерних особливостей психологічної ресурсності працівників поліції, серед яких виявлено такі: у групі жінок сформованими психологічними ресурсами є «робота над собою» та «любов», у групі чоловіків – «успіх». Установлено взаємозв’язки між компонентами психологічної ресурсності та факторами прийняття рішень у групах досліджуваних: чоловіки схильні до продуктивного копінгу «пильність», жінки частіше орієнтуються на копінг «уникнення»

Ensuring geometric accuracy when grinding non-rigid shafts

Low stiffness shafts are shafts with a length-to-diameter ratio of more than 10. Due to their low stiffness, when machining under the influence of radial cutting forces, the axis of the workpiece is distorted, forming a barrel-shaped profile with an increase in diameter from the edges to the middle of the cross-section. To achieve the required geometric accuracy it is necessary to make several passes, which reduces machining productivity. Developing techniques to ensure accuracy in machining such parts becomes important. The occurrence of barrel-shape in machining of low rigid shafts is due to deflection of the workpiece under the action of mainly radial cutting forces. The solution to the part accuracy problem has two aspects: 1) reducing cutting forces; 2) increasing the stiffness of the machining system to reduce workpiece deformation

Modified Criterion for Economic Efficiency Estimation of Heat Pumps

In this work the cost-effectiveness of coal mine waste water low potential heat utilization and integration in the enterprise local heating network by the bivalent parallel scheme is investigated. It is shown that the additive criterion of economic efficiency is not always sensitive to the target value because of the reason of non-linear coupling between the arguments of the target function. Several cases were considered from the viewpoint of cost-effectiveness criterion. Moreover, the arguments of the target function are also nonlinear, depending on technological parameters of the heat pump (HP) equipment. As a more effective criteria were proposed the modified canonical additive-multiplicative function and Kolmogorov-Gabor polynomial function to obtain the generalized multivariate estimation of alternatives in two stages procedure

Modern views about reproductive health and potential in women with HIV infection and viral blood-borne hepatitis

The article presents a review of literature devoted to the epidemiology of HIV infection in the world and Russia, as well as the investigation of reproductive disorders in women with HIV infection and viral blood-borne hepatitis. Actuality of the problem lies in the fact that grows the number of HIV infected and having blood-borne viral hepatitis with involvement in the epidemiological process people of reproductive age, and especially the increase in the number of HIV-infected women of childbearing age. Importantly, it is necessary to predict, diagnose and correct reproductive disorders in women, taking into account basic patterns and risk factors for the formation of such violations with a view to the restoration and preservation of reproductive capacity and ability to have healthy children

Polycystic ovary syndrome - 80 years of research and new directions in the study (literature review)

The article presents the current data of history of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) study. It contains studies of genetic susceptibility of PCOS, PCOS symptoms and connection with development of anxiety and depressive disorders. The article covers ethnic differences in the phenotypic manifestations of PCOS. The papers describes the study of endocrine causes of infertility in Russian and Buryat women. Several theories of PCOS, including the theory of PCOS connection with intestinal bacterial flora disorders ("dysbiotic intestinal microbiota") are being discussed. The article also provides an overview of various scientific research in this area and the data of the relationship of PCOS and the risk of cardiometabolic disorders, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, obesity and sleep apnea. It highlights modern aspects in the study of PCOS etiology - studies of adipose tissue as an endocrine organ. The article reflects study of PCOS relationship with the level of the gastrointestinal tract hormones: leptin, insulin, ghrelin, cholecystokinin, peptide YY. The effect of short-term low-dose hormonal contraceptives on appetite levels in PCOS is covered. The scientific articles on the severity of hypertension in menopausal women with PCOS history and the presence of overweight are reviewed. The scientific work determines molecular genetic markers of PCOS in the aspect of the influence of environmental factors on the expression of genes