Recommendations for wider adoption of clinical pharmacy in Central and Eastern Europe in order to optimise pharmacotherapy and improve patient outcomes

Clinical pharmacy as an area of practice, education and research started developing around the 1960s when pharmacists across the globe gradually identified the need to focus more on ensuring the appropriate use of medicines to improve patient outcomes rather than being engaged in manufacturing and supply. Since that time numerous studies have shown the positive impact of clinical pharmacy services (CPS). The need for wider adoption of CPS worldwide becomes urgent, as the global population ages, and the prevalence of polypharmacy as well as shortage of healthcare professionals is rising. At the same time, there is great pressure to provide both high-quality and cost-effective health services. All these challenges urgently require the adoption of a new paradigm of healthcare system architecture. One of the most appropriate answers to these challenges is to increase the utilization of the potential of highly educated and skilled professionals widely available in these countries, i.e., pharmacists, who are well positioned to prevent and manage drug-related problems together with ensuring safe and effective use of medications with further care relating to medication adherence. Unfortunately, CPS are still underdeveloped and underutilized in some parts of Europe, namely, in most of the Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries. This paper reviews current situation of CPS development in CEE countries and the prospects for the future of CPS in that region

An isometric virus of the potato tuber moth Tecia solanivora (Povolny) (Lepidoptera : Gelechiidae) has a tri-segmented RNA genome

A small isometric Vitus has been isolated from larvae of the Guatemala potato tuber moth, Tecia solanivora (Povolny), collected in Ecuador. it was designated the Anchilibi virus (AnchV). The non-enveloped viral particles have an estimated diameter of 32 +/- 2 nm. Three major proteins were found in virions, with estimated sizes of 102.0 +/- 2.1, 95.8 +/- 2.0 and 92.4 +/- 1.5 kDa for AnchV as determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. After denaturing agarose gel electrophoresis, the genome of AnchV appeared to be a tri-segmented single-stranded RNA with fragment sizes of 4.1 +/- 0.2, 2.8 +/- 0.2 and 1.65 +/- 0.2 kb. In addition to a high virulence towards its original host, AnchV also caused high mortality in larvae of two other potato tuber moth species, Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) and Symmetrischema (tangolias) plaesiosema (Turner). Electron microscopy confirmed that AnchV replication occurs in the cell cytoplasm, mainly in vesicles. Several important characteristics exhibited by this Virus differ from those reported for known families of insect viruses. Thus, AnchV might be member of a new taxonomic group

How to improve vaccine acceptability (evaluation, pharmacovigilance, communication, public health, mandatory vaccination, fears and beliefs)

International audienceA flagship recommendation of the citizen's steering committee on immunization, the mandatory immunization for infants extended to 11 vaccines, introduced in January 2018, is part of a set of recommendations that must be considered as a whole, each component being indispensable to the achievement of objectives: restore confidence in vaccination and increase immunization coverage. Roundtable # 6 participants identified a decade of concrete initiatives that could address, at least in part, the committee's recommendations, including: developing information systems and data generation; simplify the vaccination journey and increase vaccination opportunities; developing training of health professionals; learning vaccines at school; using motivational interviewing in educational intervention; undertaking local initiatives; improving supply and communicate on the value of vaccines. To carry out these actions, it has been proposed that a joint ministerial task-force bringing together the different stakeholders at the national level should be set up to promote their implementation and follow-up, and at regional level, the establishment of an Agences régionales de santé awareness plan making vaccination a priority