Targeted Therapies for Pancreatic Cancer: Overview of Current Treatments and New Opportunities for Personalized Oncology.

Cytotoxic chemotherapy remains the only treatment option for most pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patients. Currently, the median overall survival of patients with advanced disease rarely exceeds 1 year. The complex network of pancreatic cancer composed of immune cells, endothelial cells, and cancer-associated fibroblasts confers intratumoral and intertumoral heterogeneity with distinct proliferative and metastatic propensity. This heterogeneity can explain why tumors do not behave uniformly and are able to escape therapy. The advance in technology of whole-genome sequencing has now provided the possibility of identifying every somatic mutation, copy-number change, and structural variant in a given cancer, giving rise to personalized targeted therapies. In this review, we provide an overview of the current and emerging treatment strategies in pancreatic cancer. By highlighting new paradigms in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma treatment, we hope to stimulate new thoughts for clinical trials aimed at improving patient outcomes

Intuitive human interactive with an arm robot for severely handicapped people - A one click approach.

International audienceAssistance to disabled people is still a domain in which a lot of progress needs to be done. The more severe the handicap is, more complex are the devices, implying increased efforts to simplify the interactions between man and these devices. In this document we propose a solution to reduce the interaction between a user and a robotic arm. The system is equipped with two cameras. One is fixed on the top of the wheelchair (eye-to-hand) and the other one is mounted on the end effector of the robotic arm (eye-in-hand). The two cameras cooperate to reduce the grasping task to one click. The method is generic, it does not require marks on the object, geometrical model or the database. It thus provides a tool applicable to any kind of graspable object. The paper first gives an overview of the existing grasping tools for disabled people and proposes a novel approach toward an intuitive human machine interaction

Active rough shape estimation of unknown objects

International audienceThis paper presents a method to determine the rough shape of an object. This is a step in the development of a One Click Grasping Tool, a grasping tool of everyday-life objects for an assistant robot dedicated to elderly or disabled. The goal is to determine the quadric that approximates at best the shape of an unknown object using multi-view measurements. Non-linear optimization techniques are considered to achieve this goal. Since multiple views are necessary, an active vision process is considered in order to minimize the uncertainty on the estimated parameters and determine the next best view. Finally, results that show the validity of the approach are presented

Vision-based grasping of unknown objects to improve disabled people autonomy.

International audienceThis paper presents our contribution to vision based robotic assistance for people with disabilities. The rehabilitative robotic arms currently available on the market are directly controlled by adaptive devices, which lead to increasing strain on the user's disability. To reduce the need for user's actions, we propose here several vision-based solutions to automatize the grasping of unknown objects. Neither appearance data bases nor object models are considered. All the needed information is computed on line. This paper focuses on the positioning of the camera and the gripper approach. For each of those two steps, two alternative solutions are provided. All the methods have been tested and validated on robotics cells. Some have already been integrated into our mobile robot SAM

A highly parallel Turbo Product Code decoder without interleaving resource

International audienceThis article presents an innovative turbo product code (TPC) decoder architecture without any interleaving resource. This architecture includes a full-parallel SISO decoder able to process n symbols in one clock period. Syntheses show the better efficiency of such an architecture compared with existing previous solutions. Considering a 6-iteration turbo decoder of a (32,26)2 BCH product code, synthetized in a 90 nm CMOS technology, the resulting information throughput is 2.5 Gb/s with an area of 233 Kgates. Finally a second architecture enhancing parallelism rate is described. The information throughput is 33.7 Gb/s while an area estimation gives A=10 mum2

One Click Focus with Eye-in-hand/Eye-to-hand Cooperation

A critical assumption of many multi-view control systems is the initial visibility of the regions of interest from all the views. An initialization step is proposed for a hybrid eye-in-hand/eye-to-hand grasping system to overcome this requirement. In this paper, the object of interest is assumed to be within the eye-to-hand field of view, whereas it may not be within the eye-in-hand one. The object model is unknown and no database is used. The object lies in a complex scene with a cluttered background. A method to automatically focus the object of interest is presented, tested and validated on a multi view robotic system

Vaccine breakthrough hypoxemic COVID-19 pneumonia in patients with auto-Abs neutralizing type I IFNs

Life-threatening `breakthrough' cases of critical COVID-19 are attributed to poor or waning antibody response to the SARS- CoV-2 vaccine in individuals already at risk. Pre-existing autoantibodies (auto-Abs) neutralizing type I IFNs underlie at least 15% of critical COVID-19 pneumonia cases in unvaccinated individuals; however, their contribution to hypoxemic breakthrough cases in vaccinated people remains unknown. Here, we studied a cohort of 48 individuals ( age 20-86 years) who received 2 doses of an mRNA vaccine and developed a breakthrough infection with hypoxemic COVID-19 pneumonia 2 weeks to 4 months later. Antibody levels to the vaccine, neutralization of the virus, and auto- Abs to type I IFNs were measured in the plasma. Forty-two individuals had no known deficiency of B cell immunity and a normal antibody response to the vaccine. Among them, ten (24%) had auto-Abs neutralizing type I IFNs (aged 43-86 years). Eight of these ten patients had auto-Abs neutralizing both IFN-a2 and IFN-., while two neutralized IFN-omega only. No patient neutralized IFN-ss. Seven neutralized 10 ng/mL of type I IFNs, and three 100 pg/mL only. Seven patients neutralized SARS-CoV-2 D614G and the Delta variant (B.1.617.2) efficiently, while one patient neutralized Delta slightly less efficiently. Two of the three patients neutralizing only 100 pg/mL of type I IFNs neutralized both D61G and Delta less efficiently. Despite two mRNA vaccine inoculations and the presence of circulating antibodies capable of neutralizing SARS-CoV-2, auto-Abs neutralizing type I IFNs may underlie a significant proportion of hypoxemic COVID-19 pneumonia cases, highlighting the importance of this particularly vulnerable population

A methodology to evaluate pavement noise performances for characterisation, checking and monitoring purposes

Over the past decade, road industry developed efficient low noise pavements, providing rolling noise reductions up to 8 dB(A) compared to traditional dense asphalt pavements. With such a progress, road authorities are willing to introduce noise requirements in the tenders for road surface renewal. This implies that a general framework is accepted by both parties, defining the noise performance and describing the procedures to characterise or check it on site. Consequently, the National Working Group for Road Surface Characteristics (GNCDS) was tasked to develop a methodology to evaluate pavement noise performances for characterisation, checking and monitoring purposes. The members of GNCDS belong to public road authorities or institutes and private road companies. In this way, the methodology to be developed should integrate the concerns and possibilities of all stakeholders. In particular, special attention was paid to the difficulties that road contractors often face to reproduce noise performances of a given pavement product from one work site to another, due to unavoidable variations in the properties of aggregates or binder, in the laying process or in local practices. The methodology proposed is based on the method developed within the “SILVIA” EU project, but introduces several adaptations and simplifications to improve the practicability. Noise performance is defined by an absolute pass-by noise level at a reference speed (90 km/h in France). Therefore, the noise characterisation of a pavement is performed by a SPB measurement. At least two different sections on different sites with less than 1.5 dB(A) difference in noise levels, are necessary to define an average noise performance of the pavement product. A CPX measurement is also performed in parallel, to be used as a reference for the checking procedure of other sections of the same type of pavement. The paper will present the methodology developed, the experimental tests performed to check its applicability. Then some successful examples of application of this methodology will be presented

Modes d exercice particulier et diversification de l exercice en médecine générale (Enquête descriptive auprès d un échantillon représentatif de médecins généralistes en Meurthe-et-Moselle)

Dans les années 2000, plusieurs enquêtes d'opinion ont mis en évidence les aspirations croissantes des jeunes générations à une activité libérale variée. L'objectif de notre étude a été de répertorier l'intégralité des pratiques complémentaires des généralistes, à savoir les MEP, les activités médicales exercées en dehors du cabinet et les activités paraprofessionnelles, et d'en connaitre la fréquence d'exercice. 224 généralistes tirés au sort ont été contactés par téléphone et 89% d'entre eux ont répondu à notre questionnaire. 68% des généralistes de Meurthe-et-Moselle présentaient au moins une activité diversifiée. 42% des généralistes ont déclaré la pratique de MEP de médecine alternative. 28,5% ont fait part de la pratique d'autres MEP. Le taux d'exercice d'activité médicale hors cabinet, dont salariée a atteint 29% et le taux d activité paraprofessionnelle s'est porté à 20%. La diversification a concerné toutes les catégories de généralistes quels que soient leur âge, leur sexe et leur zone d'exercice. Le besoin de varier l'activité, la complémentarité des médecines alternatives, et l'attrait intellectuel de certaines disciplines ont été évoqués par une majorité de généralistes pour expliquer les raisons de leur diversification. Cette étude a révélé la grande variété et la fréquence de pratique des activités diversifiées. Pour la plupart des généralistes, la diversification de l'exercice médical ne les a pas détournés de leur mission de soins de premier recours ; ne constitue-t-elle pas au contraire un remède au syndrome d'épuisement professionnel des médecins généralistes?NANCY1-Bib. numérique (543959902) / SudocSudocFranceF