O treinamento mental gera efeito positivo na ansiedade competitiva de jovens nadadores?

The aim of this research was to analyze the effect of mental training on the competitive anxiety of young swimmers. The sample consisted of 35 swimmers aged 15-17 years (M = 15.93; SD = 0.98), randomly divided into two groups: experimental group (EG, n = 17) and control group (CG, n = 18). The study lasted eight weeks. Both groups performed the same physical/technical training planning. CG watched advertisement videos while EG performed mental training. The Competitive State Anxiety Inventory (CSAI-2R) was administered to all athletes before the start of the season and the last week of the “taper” mesocycle. The findings revealed that the “cognitive anxiety” and “somatic anxiety” subscale scores attenuated from pre-test to post-test in EG (p = 0.01) and remained stable in CG (p = 0.15). The results showed that the “self-confidence” subscale score increased from pre-test to post-test in EG (p = 0.01) and remained stable in CG (p = 0.26). Significant difference was found in “cognitive anxiety” (p = 0.01), “somatic anxiety” (p = 0.01) and “self-confidence” (p = 0.01) subscales across EG and CG after 8 weeks. It was concluded that mental training was effective in reducing anxiety (cognitive and somatic) and increasing the self-confidence of young swimmers.O objetivo da pesquisa foi analisar o efeito do treinamento mental sobre a ansiedade competitiva de jovens nadadores. A amostra foi composta por 35 nadadores com idades entre 15 e 17 anos (M = 15,93; DP = 0,98), divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos: experimental (GE, n = 17) e controle (GC, n = 18). O estudo teve a duração de 8 semanas. Ambos os grupos fizeram a mesma planificação de treinamento físico/técnico. O GC assistiu a vídeos de propagandas, ao passo que o GE realizou o treinamento mental. O Competitite State Anxiety Inventory (CSAI-2R) foi preenchido pelos atletas antes do início da temporada e na última semana do mesociclo “Polimento”. Os achados revelaram que os escores das subescalas “ansiedade cognitiva” e “ansiedade somática” atenuaram do pré-teste para o pós-teste no GE (p = 0,01) e se mantiveram estáveis no GC (p = 0,15). Os resultados demonstraram que o escore da subescala “autoconfiança” aumentou do pré-teste para o pós-teste no GE (p = 0,01) e se manteve estável no GC (p = 0,26). Foi identificada diferença significante nas subescalas “ansiedade cognitiva” (p = 0,01), “ansiedade somátiva” (p = 0,01) e “autoconfiança” (p = 0,01) entre GE e GC após as 8 semanas. Concluiu-se que o treinamento mental foi eficiente para reduzir a ansiedade (cognitiva e somática) e aumentar a autoconfiança de jovens atletas de natação

Perfis de proteínas e carboidratos de silagem de capim 'Massai' com polpa cítrica peletizada e inoculante microbiano

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of the inclusion of pelleted citrus pulp and microbial inoculant on the fermentation characteristics, carbohydrate and protein fractionation, and total digestible nutrient contents of 'Massai' grass (Megathyrsus maximus × Megathyrsus infestus) silage. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a 2×4 factorial arrangement (application or not of inoculant × 0, 10, 20, and 30% citrus pulp) with five replicates. There was an increase in dry matter recovery as affected by citrus pulp levels. The values obtained for pH and ammonia nitrogen indicated an adequate fermentation process. Under increasing citrus pulp levels, there was a reduction in neutral detergent fiber and an increase in nonfibrous carbohydrate contents and in protein linked to fiber. Total digestible nutrient content reaches a peak of 513.1 g kg-1 with the inclusion of 12.50% citrus pulp. The microbial inoculant, when isolated, does not influence carbohydrate and protein profiles. Inclusions between 10 and 20% citrus pulp are able to maintain adequate fermentative parameters and improve the digestible nutrient profile, with an adequate dry matter recovery.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos das inclusões de polpa cítrica peletizada e de inoculante microbiano sobre características fermentativas, fracionamento de carboidratos e proteínas, e teores de nutrientes digestíveis totais de silagem de capim 'Massai' (Megathyrsus maximus × Megathyrsus infestus). O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, em arranjo fatorial 2×4 (aplicação ou não de inoculante × 0, 10, 20 e 30% de polpa cítrica), com cinco repetições. Houve aumento da recuperação de matéria seca em função dos níveis de polpa cítrica. Os valores obtidos para pH e nitrogênio amoniacal indicaram adequado processo fermentativo. Sob níveis crescentes de polpa cítrica, houve redução dos teores de fibra insolúvel em detergente neutro e aumento do teor de carboidratos não fibrosos e proteína ligada à fibra. O teor de nutrientes digestíveis totais atinge ponto máximo de 513,1 g kg-1 com a inclusão de 12,50% de polpa cítrica. O inoculante microbiano, quando isolado, não influencia os perfis de carboidratos e proteínas. Inclusões entre 10 e 20% de polpa cítrica são capazes de manter parâmetros fermentativos adequados e melhorar o perfil de nutrientes digestíveis, com adequada recuperação de matéria seca

Quality of Life of Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Using Insulin Analog Glargine Compared with NPH Insulin: A Systematic Review and Policy Implications

INTRODUCTION: Insulin analogue glargine (GLA) has been available as one of the therapeutic options for patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus to enhance glycemic control. Studies have shown that a decrease in the frequency of hypoglycemia episodes improves the Quality of Life (QoL) of diabetic patients. However, there are appreciable acquisition cost differences between different insulins. Consequently, a need to assess their impact on QoL to provide future guidance to health authorities. METHOD: A Systematic review (SR) of multiple databases including Medline, LILACS, Cochrane and EMBASE databases with several combinations of agreed terms involving randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohorts, as well as manual searches and gray literature was undertaken. The primary outcome measure was a change in QoL. The quality of the studies and the risk of bias was also assessed. RESULTS: Eight studies were eventually included in the systematic review out of 634 publications. Eight different QoL instruments were used (2 generic, 2 mixed and 4 specific), in which the Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (DTSQs) was the most used. The systematic review did not consistently show any significant difference overall in QoL scores whether as part of subsets or combined into a single score with the use of GLA versus NPH insulin. Only in patients’ satisfaction measured by DTSQ was a better result consistently seen with GLA versus NPH insulin but not using the WED scale. However, none of the cohort studies scored a maximum on the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for quality and they generally were of moderate quality with bias in the studies. CONCLUSION: There was no consistent difference in QoL or patient reported outcomes when the findings from the eight studies were collated. In view of this, we believe the current price differential between GLA and NPH insulin in Brazil cannot be justified by these findings

Post-traumatic arachnoid cyst without neurological sequels: A case report

An eight-year-old male patient was admitted to the hospital with a history of left median paramedian frontal craniectomy due to car trauma at six months of age. Axial computed tomography of the skull with reconstruction in three dimensions revealed an arachnoid cyst with slight herniation of the brain in the frontal lobe, leading to protrusion against the skullcap, causing dilation of the ex-vacuum of the anterior extension of the homolateral lateral ventricle. He presented asymmetrical lateral ventricles, a reduced base cistern, and a slightly ectatic IV centred ventricle. After the physical examination, no neurological deficit was found, despite the changes identified in the images. It is believed that such conditions may progressively worsen with the development and maturation of nervous tissue over the age of the assessed child. To confirm this, specialized monitoring is of fundamental importance

GERAÇÃO HIDROCINÉTICA DE ENERGIA ELÉTRICA POR PIEZOELETRICIDADE PARA NAVIOS CARGUEIROS

Com crescentes estudos e pesquisas na busca por energias alternativas esustentáveis no setor naval cargueiro, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo elaborar um sistema que gere energia provida das vibrações provenientes do fluxo hídrico (movimento hidrocinético) através do efeito piezoelétrico instalado externamente no convés de embarcações cargueiras. O efeito piezoelétrico deve transformar as vibrações em energia elétrica para suprir todas ou quase todas as atividades energéticas dos sistemas a bordo, tais como aparelhagem eletrônica e energia elétrica. Essa geração de energia reduzirá no gasto energético global e em custos operacionais do navio e será avaliado através de uma simulação computacional para quantizar o quanto de ganho energético o navio terá com a aplicação e uso do piezoelétrico.Keywords: Setor naval, Energia sustentável, Vibrações do fluxo hidrocinético, Efeito piezoelétrico, Simulação computaciona

Modelling photometric and spectroscopic data of HS 2231+2441: an HW Vir type system with a brown dwarf componion

We present a photometric and spectroscopic\ud study of the HW Vir system HS 2231+2441.\ud We derived the physical and geometrical parameters\ud of the system and showed that\ud HS 2231+2441 is composed by a low-mass sdB\ud star and a brown dwarf.Resumo publicado no periódico: Revista Mexicana de Astronomía y Astrofísica. Serie de Conferencias, v. 44, p. 35, 2014

Reviewing the History of HIV-1: Spread of Subtype B in the Americas

The dispersal of HIV-1 subtype B (HIV-1B) is a reflection of the movement of human populations in response to social, political, and geographical issues. The initial dissemination of HIV-1B outside Africa seems to have included the passive involvement of human populations from the Caribbean in spreading the virus to the United States. However, the exact pathways taken during the establishment of the pandemic in the Americas remain unclear. Here, we propose a geographical scenario for the dissemination of HIV-1B in the Americas, based on phylogenetic and genetic statistical analyses of 313 available sequences of the pol gene from 27 countries. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference methods were used to explore the phylogenetic relationships between HIV-1B sequences, and molecular variance estimates were analyzed to infer the genetic structure of the viral population. We found that the initial dissemination and subsequent spread of subtype B in the Americas occurred via a single introduction event in the Caribbean around 1964 (1950–1967). Phylogenetic trees present evidence of several primary outbreaks in countries in South America, directly seeded by the Caribbean epidemic. Cuba is an exception insofar as its epidemic seems to have been introduced from South America. One clade comprising isolates from different countries emerged in the most-derived branches, reflecting the intense circulation of the virus throughout the American continents. Statistical analysis supports the genetic compartmentalization of the virus among the Americas, with a close relationship between the South American and Caribbean epidemics. These findings reflect the complex establishment of the HIV-1B pandemic and contribute to our understanding between the migration process of human populations and virus diffusion

A Erosividade das chuvas: o manejo agrícola sustentável das terras do município de Castanhal/PA

Aiming at sustainable agricultural planning, the rain erosivity of the municipality of Castanhal, located in the northeast region of the state of Pará, was determined. A continuous series of 39 years of rainfall records was used to calculate the rain coefficients, which were used in determining of rainfall erosivity through an equation adjusted to the rainfall conditions of Belém, with availability of pluviographic data, with climatic similarity and rainfall distribution verified through correlation analysis (r = 0.97). The average annual erosivity for the studied location was estimated at 22001 MJmm.ha-1.h-1.year-1, with a probability of return of 49.6% every 2.02 years. The return values for the periods of 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 years were 24162, 25908, 27601, 29782 and 31406 MJmm.ha-1.h-1. year-1, respectively. Con el objetivo de una planificación agrícola sostenible, se determinó la erosividad pluvial del municipio de Castanhal, ubicado en la región nororiental del estado de Pará. Se utilizó una serie continua de 39 años de registros pluviométricos para calcular los coeficientes de lluvia, los cuales se utilizaron en la determinación de la erosividad pluvial mediante una ecuación ajustada a las condiciones pluviales en Belém, con disponibilidad de datos pluviográficos, con similitud climática y distribución pluvial verificada mediante análisis de correlación (r = 0,97). La erosividad promedio anual para la ubicación estudiada se estimó en 22001 MJmm.ha-1.h-1.year-1, con una probabilidad de retorno del 49.6% cada 2.02 años. Los valores de retorno para los períodos de 5, 10, 20, 50 y 100 años fueron 24162, 25908, 27601, 29782 y 31406 MJmm.ha-1.h-1.year-1, respectivamente. Com vistas ao planejamento agrícola sustentável, foi determinada a erosividade das chuvas do município de Castanhal, localizado na região nordeste do estado do Pará. Foi utilizada uma série contínua de 39 anos de registros pluviométricos para cálculo dos coeficientes de chuva, os quais foram utilizados na determinação da erosividade das chuvas através de equação ajustada com as condições pluviométricas de Belém, com disponibilidade de dados pluviográficos, com semelhança climática e distribuição de chuvas verificada através de análise de correlação (r = 0,97). A erosividade média anual para a localidade estudada foi estimada em 22001 MJmm.ha-1.h-1.ano-1, com probabilidade de retorno de 49,6% a cada 2,02 anos. Os valores de retorno para os períodos de 5, 10, 20, 50 e 100 anos foram 24162, 25908, 27601, 29782 e 31406 MJmm.ha-1.h-1.ano-1, respectivamente.Â

Avaliação do componente arbóreo e forrageiro de sistemas silvipastoris na mesorregião dos “Campos das Vertentes” de Minas Gerais

Objetivou-se com esse estudo avaliar o potencial produtivo do pasto de Urochloa decumbens sob três arranjos silvipastoris mais o tratamento controle (monocultivo) além das características dendrométricas de Eucaliptus urophylla nos espaçamentos 3x2, 6x4 e 10x4 m dos 48 meses aos 66 meses pós-plantio do eucalipto. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos completos casualizados, com quatro blocos e duas repetições por bloco. Para avaliar a forrageira e o eucalipto, foram utilizados os arranjos em parcelas subdivididas. Para avaliar as distâncias da linha de plantio do eucalipto de cada espaçamento, foi utilizado o arranjo em parcela subsubdividida. O acúmulo de forragem, taxa de acúmulo de forragem, altura e teor de matéria seca da forrageira foram maiores no monocultivo. O teor de proteína bruta foi maior no espaçamento 6x4 m. Os menores teores de fibra em detergente neutro foram encontrados nos tratamentos sombreados. A altura do eucalipto teve influência somente de idade. O diâmetro a altura do peito, diâmetro de copa foram maiores nos espaçamentos 6x4 e 10x4 m. A relação altura: diâmetro a altura do peito foi maior no espaçamento 3x2 m. O volume/planta foi maior no espaçamento 6x4 e 10x4 m, respectivamente. O volume/ha e incremento médio anual foram maiores no espaçamento 3x2 m. O espaçamento 6x4 m até os 5,5 anos de avaliação é o mais indicado para produção e qualidade de pasto e produção de madeira.The objective of this study was to evaluate the productive potential of pasture Urochloa decumbens under three silvipastoral arrangements over the control treatment (monoculture pasture) beyond dendrometric characteristics of Eucalyptus urophylla in spacing 3x2, 6x4 and 10x4 m from 48 to 66 months post eucalyptus plantation. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with four blocks and two replicates per block. To evaluate the forage and eucalyptus arrangement it was used split plots. To evaluate the distances of eucalyptus planting line on each space of each arrangement it was used a split plot. The accumulation of forage, rate of forage accumulation and height of the forage were higher in monoculture. The crude protein content was higher in 6x4 m spacing. The lowest neutral fiber detergent percentages were found in the shaded treatments. The height of eucalyptus has influenced just by age. The diameter at breast height and diameter of cup were higher in spacing 6x4 and 10x4 m. The ratio height: diameter at breast height was higher in 3x2 m spacing. The vol/plant was higher in spacing 6x4 and 10x4 m, respectively. The vol/ha and increase annual average were higher in 3x2 m spacing. The spacing of 6x4 m up to 5.5 years of evaluation is the most suitable for the production and quality of pasture and timber production