EDUCAÇÃO 5.0: NOVOS DESAFIOS EDUCACIONAIS EM TEMPOS DE EVOLUÇÃO TECNOLÓGICA

The purpose of this study is to bring to light the challenges and possibilities provided by the emergence of Education 5.0, especially with regard to the need to understand the global transformations due to the process of evolution of digital technologies and their inclusion in the educational field. In this sense, it is clarified that it is essential that teachers considered digital immigrants seek to overcome the challenges presented in relation to the use of digital technologies, since today's society requires adequate training, which is truly capable of including them in the educational environment, because digital students, also known as digital natives, are already accustomed to these mechanisms. After all, they live in a completely virtual environment, which makes them empowered to use them effectively. In order to be able to discuss this theme, the construction of this study sought to develop a theoretical-bibliographic research, based on the concepts presented by authors of the literature, with the objective of reflecting and analyzing the challenges and possibilities brought by the technological evolution to the educational field, which generated the emergence of Education 5.0, listing, in this panorama, the emerging educational technologies, which are strategies and solutions capable of integrating teachers and students, through a pedagogical trajectory that involves creative and collaborative learning.El propósito de este estudio es sacar a la luz los retos y posibilidades que ofrece la irrupción de la Educación 5.0, especialmente en lo que se refiere a la necesidad de comprender las transformaciones globales debidas al proceso de evolución de las tecnologías digitales y su inclusión en el ámbito educativo. En este sentido, se aclara que es fundamental que los docentes considerados inmigrantes digitales busquen superar los retos que se presentan en relación con el uso de las tecnologías digitales, ya que la sociedad actual requiere de una formación adecuada, que sea realmente capaz de incluirlos en el entorno educativo, pues los estudiantes digitales, también conocidos como nativos digitales, ya están acostumbrados a estos mecanismos. Al fin y al cabo, viven en un entorno completamente virtual, lo que les permite utilizarlos de forma eficaz. Para poder discutir este tema, la construcción de este estudio buscó desarrollar una investigación teórico-bibliográfica, a partir de los conceptos presentados por autores de la literatura, con el objetivo de reflexionar y analizar los desafíos y posibilidades que trajo la evolución tecnológica al campo educativo, que generó el surgimiento de la Educación 5.0, enumerando, en este panorama, las tecnologías educativas emergentes, que son estrategias y soluciones capaces de integrar a docentes y estudiantes, a través de una trayectoria pedagógica que involucra el aprendizaje creativo y colaborativo.Este estudo tem como propósito trazer à tona os desafios e possibilidades oportunizados a partir do surgimento da Educação 5.0, principalmente no que tange à necessidade de compreender as transformações globais em virtude do processo de evolução das tecnologias digitais e sua inclusão no campo educacional. Nesse sentido, elucida-se que é fundamental que os docentes considerados imigrantes digitais busquem suplantar os desafios apresentados em relação ao uso das tecnologias digitais, uma vez que a sociedade atual requer uma formação adequada, a qual se mostre verdadeiramente capaz de inclui-las no meio educacional, pois alunos digitais, também conhecidos como nativos digitais, já estão acostumados com esses mecanismos, afinal, vivem em um ambiente totalmente virtual, que os tornam capacitados para usá-los com eficácia. Para poder discutir tal temática, a construção deste estudo buscou desenvolver uma pesquisa de caráter teórico-bibliográfico, com base nos conceitos apresentados por autores da literatura, objetivando-se, com isso, refletir e analisar os desafios e possibilidades trazidos pela evolução tecnológica para o campo educacional, a qual gerou o surgimento da Educação 5.0, listando-se, neste panorama, as tecnologias educacionais emergentes, que são estratégias e soluções capazes de integrar docentes e alunos, mediante uma trajetória pedagógica que envolva uma aprendizagem criativa e colaborativa.Este estudo tem como propósito trazer à tona os desafios e possibilidades oportunizados a partir do surgimento da Educação 5.0, principalmente no que tange à necessidade de compreender as transformações globais em virtude do processo de evolução das tecnologias digitais e sua inclusão no campo educacional. Nesse sentido, elucida-se que é fundamental que os docentes considerados imigrantes digitais busquem suplantar os desafios apresentados em relação ao uso das tecnologias digitais, uma vez que a sociedade atual requer uma formação adequada, a qual se mostre verdadeiramente capaz de inclui-las no meio educacional, pois alunos digitais, também conhecidos como nativos digitais, já estão acostumados com esses mecanismos, afinal, vivem em um ambiente totalmente virtual, que os tornam capacitados para usá-los com eficácia. Para poder discutir tal temática, a construção deste estudo buscou desenvolver uma pesquisa de caráter teórico-bibliográfico, com base nos conceitos apresentados por autores da literatura, objetivando-se, com isso, refletir e analisar os desafios e possibilidades trazidos pela evolução tecnológica para o campo educacional, a qual gerou o surgimento da Educação 5.0, listando-se, neste panorama, as tecnologias educacionais emergentes, que são estratégias e soluções capazes de integrar docentes e alunos, mediante uma trajetória pedagógica que envolva uma aprendizagem criativa e colaborativa

Modeling the impact of school reopening and contact tracing strategies on COVID-19 dynamics in different epidemiologic settings in Brazil

This study was funded by the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) - Process # 402834/2020-8 (request for proposals MCTIC/CNPq/FNDCT/MS/SCTIE/Decit Number 07/2020). The funding sources played no role in the study design; collection, analysis, or interpretation of the data; writing the report, or decision to submit the paper for publication. MEB received a technological and industrial scholarship from CNPq (grant number 315854/2020-0). LSF received a masters scholarship from Coordination of Superior Level Staff Improvement (CAPES) (finance code 001). SP was supported by Sao Paulo State Research Support Foundation (FAPESP) (grant number: 2018/24037-4). CF was supported by FAPESP (grant number: 2019/26310-2 and 2017/26770-8). RAK has been supported by CNPq (grant number: 311832/2017-2) and FAPESP (contract number: 2016/01343-7). PIP has been supported by CNPq (grant number: 313055/2020-3). RSK has been supported by CNPq (proc. 312378/2019-0). MQMR received a postdoctoral scholarship from CAPES (grant number 305269/2020-8). CMT has been supported by CNPq productivity fellowship and the National Institute of Science and Technology for Health Technology Assessment (IATS) (proc: 465518/2014-1). AMB received a technological and industrial scholarship from CNPq (grant number 402834/2020-8). LMS received a technological and industrial scholarship from CNPq (grant number 315866/2020-9). JAFD-F has been supported by CNPq productivity fellowship and the National Institutes for Science and Technology in Ecology, Evolution and Biodiversity Conservation (INCT-EEC), supported by MCTIC/CNPq (proc. 465610/2014-5) and FAPEG (proc. 201810267000023).Preprin

Modelling the impact of school reopening and contact tracing strategies on Covid-19 dynamics in different epidemiologic settings in Brazil

We simulate the impact of school reopening during the COVID-19 pandemic in three major urban centers in Brazil to identify the epidemiological indicators and the best timing for the return of in-school activities and the effect of contact tracing as a mitigation measure. Our goal is to offer guidelines for evidence-based policymaking. We implement an extended SEIR model stratified by age and considering contact networks in different settings – school, home, work, and community, in which the infection transmission rate is affected by various intervention measures. After fitting epidemiological and demographic data, we simulate scenarios with increasing school transmission due to school reopening, and also estimate the number of hospitalization and deaths averted by the implementation of contact tracing. Reopening schools results in a non-linear increase in reported COVID-19 cases and deaths, which is highly dependent on infection and disease incidence at the time of reopening. When contact tracing and quarantining are restricted to school and home settings, a large number of daily tests is required to produce significant effects in reducing the total number of hospitalizations and deaths. Policymakers should carefully consider the epidemiological context and timing regarding the implementation of school closure and return of in-person school activities. While contact tracing strategies prevent new infections within school en- vironments, they alone are not sufficient to avoid significant impacts on community transmission

Modeling the impact of child vaccination (5–11 y) on overall COVID-19 related hospitalizations and mortality in a context of omicron variant predominance and different vaccination coverage paces in Brazil

Background Developing countries have experienced significant COVID-19 disease burden. With the emergence of new variants, particularly omicron, the disease burden in children has increased. When the first COVID-19 vaccine was approved for use in children aged 5–11 years of age, very few countries recommended vaccination due to limited risk-benefit evidence for vaccination of this population. In Brazil, ranking second in the global COVID-19 death toll, the childhood COVID-19 disease burden increased significantly in early 2022. This prompted a risk-benefit assessment of the introduction and scaling-up of COVID-19 vaccination of children. Methods To estimate the potential impact of vaccinating children aged 5–11 years with mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccine in the context of omicron dominance, we developed a discrete-time SEIR-like model stratified in age groups, considering a three-month time horizon. We considered three scenarios: No vaccination, slow, and maximum vaccination paces. In each scenario, we estimated the potential reduction in total COVID-19 cases, hospitalizations, deaths, hospitalization costs, and potential years of life lost, considering the absence of vaccination as the base-case scenario. Findings We estimated that vaccinating at a maximum pace could prevent, between mid-January and April 2022, about 26,000 COVID-19 hospitalizations, and 4200 deaths in all age groups; of which 5400 hospitalizations and 410 deaths in children aged 5–11 years. Continuing vaccination at a slow/current pace would prevent 1450 deaths and 9700 COVID-19 hospitalizations in all age groups in this same time period; of which 180 deaths and 2390 hospitalizations in children only. Interpretation Maximum vaccination of children results in a significant reduction of COVID-19 hospitalizations and deaths and should be enforced in developing countries with significant disease incidence in children

ATLANTIC-PRIMATES: a dataset of communities and occurrences of primates in the Atlantic Forests of South America

Primates play an important role in ecosystem functioning and offer critical insights into human evolution, biology, behavior, and emerging infectious diseases. There are 26 primate species in the Atlantic Forests of South America, 19 of them endemic. We compiled a dataset of 5,472 georeferenced locations of 26 native and 1 introduced primate species, as hybrids in the genera Callithrix and Alouatta. The dataset includes 700 primate communities, 8,121 single species occurrences and 714 estimates of primate population sizes, covering most natural forest types of the tropical and subtropical Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina and some other biomes. On average, primate communities of the Atlantic Forest harbor 2 ± 1 species (range = 1–6). However, about 40% of primate communities contain only one species. Alouatta guariba (N = 2,188 records) and Sapajus nigritus (N = 1,127) were the species with the most records. Callicebus barbarabrownae (N = 35), Leontopithecus caissara (N = 38), and Sapajus libidinosus (N = 41) were the species with the least records. Recorded primate densities varied from 0.004 individuals/km 2 (Alouatta guariba at Fragmento do Bugre, Paraná, Brazil) to 400 individuals/km 2 (Alouatta caraya in Santiago, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil). Our dataset reflects disparity between the numerous primate census conducted in the Atlantic Forest, in contrast to the scarcity of estimates of population sizes and densities. With these data, researchers can develop different macroecological and regional level studies, focusing on communities, populations, species co-occurrence and distribution patterns. Moreover, the data can also be used to assess the consequences of fragmentation, defaunation, and disease outbreaks on different ecological processes, such as trophic cascades, species invasion or extinction, and community dynamics. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this Data Paper when the data are used in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using the data. © 2018 by the The Authors. Ecology © 2018 The Ecological Society of Americ

Lack of association between viral load and severity of acute bronchiolitis in infants

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the correlation between respiratory syncytial viral load and length of hospitalization in infants with acute wheezing episodes. Methods: This was a two-year, cross-sectional study of infants ≤ 12 months of age with bronchiolitis at the time of admission to a tertiary hospital. For the identification of respiratory viruses, nasopharyngeal secretions were collected. Samples were analyzed (throughout the study period) by direct immunofluorescence and (in the second year of the study) by quantitative real-time PCR. We screened for three human viruses: rhinovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, and metapneumovirus. Results: Of 110 samples evaluated by direct immunofluorescence, 56 (50.9%) were positive for a single virus, and 16 (14.5%) were positive for two or more viruses. Among those 72 samples, the most prevalent virus was respiratory syncytial virus, followed by influenza. Of 56 samples evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR, 24 (42.8%) were positive for a single virus, and 1 (1.7%) was positive for two viruses. Among those 25 samples, the most prevalent virus was again respiratory syncytial virus, followed by human rhinovirus. Coinfection did not influence the length of the hospital stay or other outcome s. In addition, there was no association between respiratory syncytial virus load and the length of hospitalization. Conclusions: Neither coinfection nor respiratory syncytial viral load appears to influence the outcomes of acute bronchiolitis in infants

Biopsia hepática endoscópica transvaginal em cadelas Endoscopic transvaginal liver biopsy in bitches

Esse trabalho teve o objetivo de propor uma técnica de biopsia hepática endoscópica transvaginal em cadelas, evitando-se o acesso através da parede abdominal, técnica essa internacionalmente conhecida por NOTES (natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery). Para tanto, foram utilizadas sete cadelas, as quais foram submetidas a dois procedimentos. O primeiro constou de biopsia hepática pela técnica proposta. Para isso, realizou-se a incisão vaginal após exteriorização através da vulva. Pela ferida vaginal foi introduzido um endoscópio flexível de 11mm de diâmetro com dois canais de trabalho. Este foi empregado na obtenção das amostras hepáticas. O segundo procedimento foi de avaliação laparoscópica aos 53 dias após a biopsia. As variáveis analisadas para a verificação de viabilidade, segurança e qualidade dessa técnica foram: as dificuldades técnicas, as complicações cirúrgicas, o tempo operatório, a qualidade do material coletado, a formação de aderências vaginais e as alterações bioquímicas hepáticas. Conclui-se que a biópsia hepática por NOTES flexível transvaginal é viável em cães, pois permite a obtenção de fragmentos apropriados para o exame histológico sem ocasionar alterações significativas dos parâmetros de avaliação hepática e formação de aderências intraperitoneais.A technique of hepatic biopsy by transvaginal approach (NOTES - Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery) is proposed. Seven dogs were used, and the experiment was divided into two stages including the liver biopsy and the evaluation of laparoscopic abdominal conditions after biopsy (53 days after). The animals were submitted to vaginal incision after exposition through the vulva. Through the vaginal incision was introduced a flexible endoscope of 11mm with two working channels, was introduced through the vaginal incision and used to obtain liver samples. The variables analyzed to verify the feasibility of the proposed biopsy were: operative time, surgical complications, technical difficulties, the quality of sample collected, the formation of vaginal adhesions and their characteristics and the biochemical condition of the liver. In conclusion, the liver biopsy by endoscopic transvaginal access is feasible in dogs. It permits to take appropriated hepatic samples for histological studies without changinghepatic parameters and intraperitoneal adhesions

Modeling the impact of child vaccination (5–11 y) on overall COVID-19 related hospitalizations and mortality in a context of omicron variant predominance and different vaccination coverage paces in BrazilResearch in context

Summary: Background: Developing countries have experienced significant COVID-19 disease burden. With the emergence of new variants, particularly omicron, the disease burden in children has increased. When the first COVID-19 vaccine was approved for use in children aged 5–11 years of age, very few countries recommended vaccination due to limited risk-benefit evidence for vaccination of this population. In Brazil, ranking second in the global COVID-19 death toll, the childhood COVID-19 disease burden increased significantly in early 2022. This prompted a risk-benefit assessment of the introduction and scaling-up of COVID-19 vaccination of children. Methods: To estimate the potential impact of vaccinating children aged 5–11 years with mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccine in the context of omicron dominance, we developed a discrete-time SEIR-like model stratified in age groups, considering a three-month time horizon. We considered three scenarios: No vaccination, slow, and maximum vaccination paces. In each scenario, we estimated the potential reduction in total COVID-19 cases, hospitalizations, deaths, hospitalization costs, and potential years of life lost, considering the absence of vaccination as the base-case scenario. Findings: We estimated that vaccinating at a maximum pace could prevent, between mid-January and April 2022, about 26,000 COVID-19 hospitalizations, and 4200 deaths in all age groups; of which 5400 hospitalizations and 410 deaths in children aged 5–11 years. Continuing vaccination at a slow/current pace would prevent 1450 deaths and 9700 COVID-19 hospitalizations in all age groups in this same time period; of which 180 deaths and 2390 hospitalizations in children only. Interpretation: Maximum vaccination of children results in a significant reduction of COVID-19 hospitalizations and deaths and should be enforced in developing countries with significant disease incidence in children. Funding: This manuscript was funded by the Brazilian Council for Scientific and Technology Development (CNPq – Process # 402834/2020-8)