Vascular Health in American Football Players: Cardiovascular Risk Increased in Division III Players

Studies report that football players have high blood pressure (BP) and increased cardiovascular risk. There are over 70,000 NCAA football players and 450 Division III schools sponsor football programs, yet limited research exists on vascular health of athletes. This study aimed to compare vascular and cardiovascular health measures between football players and nonathlete controls. Twenty-three athletes and 19 nonathletes participated. Vascular health measures included flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT). Cardiovascular measures included clinic and 24 hr BP levels, body composition, VO2 max, and fasting glucose/cholesterol levels. Compared to controls, football players had a worse vascular and cardiovascular profile. Football players had thicker carotid artery IMT (0.49 ± 0.06 mm versus 0.46 ± 0.07 mm) and larger brachial artery diameter during FMD (4.3 ± 0.5 mm versus 3.7 ± 0.6 mm), but no difference in percent FMD. Systolic BP was significantly higher in football players at all measurements: resting (128.2 ± 6.4 mmHg versus 122.4 ± 6.8 mmHg), submaximal exercise (150.4 ± 18.8 mmHg versus 137.3 ± 9.5 mmHg), maximal exercise (211.3 ± 25.9 mmHg versus 191.4 ± 19.2 mmHg), and 24-hour BP (124.9 ± 6.3 mmHg versus 109.8 ± 3.7 mmHg). Football players also had higher fasting glucose (91.6 ± 6.5 mg/dL versus 86.6 ± 5.8 mg/dL), lower HDL (36.5±11.2 mg/dL versus 47.1±14.8 mg/dL), and higher body fat percentage (29.2±7.9% versus 23.2±7.0%). Division III collegiate football players remain an understudied population and may be at increased cardiovascular risk

高効率線形送信法におけるPWM包絡線発生法の研究

電気通信大学200

Carotid Artery IMT, Blood Pressure, and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Males and Females

International Journal of Exercise Science 9(4): 482-490, 2016. Previous studies have investigated carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) and blood pressure and found a direct correlation between the two. It is known that adult females have better cardiovascular health than males until a certain stage of life, yet limited research has examined gender differences in vascular function. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate vascular structure and function, blood pressure, and blood glucose/cholesterol levels in relation to gender differences in young healthy adults. On three separate days, 44 adults (26.30 ±11.9yrs; 24M, 20F) completed a carotid IMT ultrasound, a flow-mediated dilation (FMD), a fasted glucose and cholesterol test, a 24hr ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, a VO2max test, and a body composition measurement. Females had lower systolic blood pressure, lower diastolic blood pressure, lower LDL/HDL ratios, lower body mass index, a higher HDL count, and lower plasma glucose levels than males (p \u3c 0.05 for all), all of which suggest better cardiovascular health. However, we found no gender differences in vascular health measures, IMT and FMD. Our results suggest that while young adult females have better cardiovascular health than males, endothelial function may not yet be affected in the young adult years

Vascular Health in American Football Players: Cardiovascular Risk Increased in Division III Players

Studies report that football players have high blood pressure (BP) and increased cardiovascular risk. There are over 70,000 NCAA football players and 450 Division III schools sponsor football programs, yet limited research exists on vascular health of athletes. This study aimed to compare vascular and cardiovascular health measures between football players and nonathlete controls. Twenty-three athletes and 19 nonathletes participated. Vascular health measures included flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT). Cardiovascular measures included clinic and 24 hr BP levels, body composition, VO2 max, and fasting glucose/cholesterol levels. Compared to controls, football players had a worse vascular and cardiovascular profile. Football players had thicker carotid artery IMT (0.49 ± 0.06 mm versus 0.46 ± 0.07 mm) and larger brachial artery diameter during FMD (4.3±0.5 mm versus 3.7±0.6 mm), but no difference in percent FMD. Systolic BP was significantly higher in football players at all measurements: resting (128.2±6.4 mmHg versus 122.4±6.8 mmHg), submaximal exercise (150.4±18.8 mmHg versus 137.3±9.5 mmHg), maximal exercise (211.3±25.9 mmHg versus 191.4±19.2 mmHg), and 24-hour BP (124.9±6.3 mmHg versus 109.8±3.7 mmHg). Football players also had higher fasting glucose (91.6±6.5 mg/dL versus 86.6±5.8 mg/dL), lower HDL (36.5±11.2 mg/dL versus 47.1±14.8 mg/dL), and higher body fat percentage (29.2±7.9% versus 23.2±7.0%). Division III collegiate football players remain an understudied population and may be at increased cardiovascular risk

Blood Pressure and Cardiovascular Health Has Relationship with Age in Adults During Adulthood

International Journal of Exercise Science 10(5): 798-806, 2017. Efforts to combat cardiovascular disease (CVD) have proven effective, especially in the population aged 55-74 years. However, less research has been conducted in younger populations to determine at what age CVD risk develops. The purpose of this study is to compare cardiovascular health markers in adults, specifically CVD risk between younger adults aged 18-22 and a slightly older group of adults in middle adulthood aged 23-54. Cardiovascular health measures were collected from a group of adults; 13 younger adults (20.2±0.9 yrs) and 10 adults in middle adulthood (42.9±10.1 yrs). All participants were free of CVD and diabetes, taking no cholesterol medication, and no more than one blood pressure (BP) medication. Cardiovascular measures included clinical and 24-hour BP, body mass index (BMI), fasted plasma glucose and cholesterol levels, and VO2max. There was no difference in VO2max, glucose and cholesterol levels, or clinical BP measures between the groups, but there were differences in diastolic 24-hour BP, daytime diastolic BP, and nighttime diastolic BP (p\u3c0.05 for all). No relationship between 24-hour BP and cardiovascular health variables were observed in the younger group of adults. However, there was a relationship between 24-hour systolic BP and daytime systolic BP with glucose, HDL, and triglycerides in the group of adults aged 23-54 (p\u3c0.05 for all). The results of the present study suggest that systolic BP may have an effect on CVD risk in adults over the age of 23 years

Effects Of A Meal On Body Composition And Blood Pressure In Division Iii Wrestlers

Previous studies have shown that percent body fat (BF), measured by bioelectrical impedance (BIA), increases after a meal, but this has yet to be examined in collegiate wrestlers. Also, a very recent study reported that excess omega-3 fatty acids could lead to adverse health effects; our study examines this after one meal

Effect of Weight and an Increased Workload on Heart Rate and Blood Pressure

Previous studies have shown that personal protective equipment (PPE) is responsible for increases in heart rate (HR) and VO2max response in firefighters (FF), but has not been examined in collegiate lacrosse players. We have found that FF have exaggerated blood pressure (BP) responses to a treadmill test, and during recovery when wearing PPE (data unpublished)

Body Composition And Blood Pressure Responses In Volunteer Firefighter Population

The dangerous emergency scenes firefighters are called upon increase the risk of sudden cardiac death, which claims more firefighter (FF) lives than actual fires do. Prior studies have reported that wearing personal protective equipment (PPE) and a self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) creates CV stress in FF. Recently we examined blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) responses to a treadmill test in volunteer firefighters and found that BP and HR responses are exaggerated when a firefighter wears full gear (PPE + SCBA) (data to be published). It needs to be determined whether body size affects this response

Differential Responses of Pattern Recognition Receptors to Outer Membrane Vesicles of Three Periodontal Pathogens

<div><p>Highly purified outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) of the periodontal pathogens, <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i>, <i>Treponema denticola</i> and <i>Tannerella forsythia</i> were produced using tangential flow ultrafiltration, ultracentrifugation and Optiprep density gradient separation. Cryo-TEM and light scattering showed OMVs to be single lipid-bilayers with modal diameters of 75 to 158 nm. Enumeration of OMVs by nanoparticle flow-cytometry at the same stage of late exponential culture indicated that <i>P</i>. <i>gingivalis</i> was the most prolific OMV producer. <i>P</i>. <i>gingivalis</i> OMVs induced strong TLR2 and TLR4-specific responses and moderate responses in TLR7, TLR8, TLR9, NOD1 and NOD2 expressing-HEK-Blue cells. Responses to <i>T</i>. <i>forsythia</i> OMVs were less than those of <i>P</i>. <i>gingivalis</i> and <i>T</i>. <i>denticola</i> OMVs induced only weak responses. Compositional analyses of OMVs from the three pathogens demonstrated differences in protein, fatty acids, lipopolysaccharide, peptidoglycan fragments and nucleic acids. Periodontal pathogen OMVs induced differential pattern recognition receptor responses that have implications for their role in chronic periodontitis.</p></div

Compositional analysis of OMVs from <i>P</i>. <i>gingivalis</i>, <i>T</i>. <i>denticola</i> and <i>T</i>. <i>forsythia</i>.

<p>Compositional analysis of OMVs from <i>P</i>. <i>gingivalis</i>, <i>T</i>. <i>denticola</i> and <i>T</i>. <i>forsythia</i>.</p