Production of antigens and antibodies of veterinary interest in tobacco transplastomic plants

En esta Tesis Doctoral, se evaluó la factibilidad de utilizar plantas transplastómicas de tabaco (Nicotiana tabacum) para la producción de proteínas de interés en medicina veterinaria: dos antígenos virales y un anticuerpo de camélido de cadena simple (VHH). La primera proteína producida en este sistema consistió en una fusión entre un epítope inmunogénico de la proteina VP1 del virus de la fiebre aftosa y la enzima β-glucuronidasa (VP-βGUS). Se generaron plantas transplastómicas, las cuales fueron caracterizadas a nivel molecular. La proteína heteróloga se acumuló de un modo importante en los cloroplastos de las plantas transformadas: hasta el 51% de las proteínas solubles totales (PST) (8 mg/g de tejido fresco [TF]), conservando su actividad enzimática e inmunogenicidad. Los niveles de expresión observados resultaron claramente mayores a los obtenidos previamente en plantas transgénicas nucleares utilizando la misma construcción. A pesar de estos altos niveles de expresión, el fenotipo de las plantas transplastómicas resultó ser indistinguible del de las plantas wild-type. Esta prueba de concepto con resultados alentadores nos permitió avanzar en la producción de otras moléculas mediante este sistema. El segundo antígeno expresado fue VP8*, una proteína no glicosilada de la cápside de rotavirus bovino (RVB). Se utilizó una versión del vector que permite la acumulación de VP8* en el estroma y se generaron dos construcciones adicionales, una para expresarla como una fusión a la β-glucuronidasa (GUS-E-VP8*), y otra para dirigirla al lúmen de los tilacoides (str- VP8*). VP8* se acumuló como agregados insolubles en el estroma de los cloroplastos y pudo ser solubilizada parcialmente por sonicación. Se obtuvieron extractos de VP8* utilizando la fracción soluble, donde VP8* representaba el 4% de las PST (250 μg/g TF). Al extraerse VP8* a partir de la fracción insoluble sin incluir el paso de sonicación, fue posible enriquecer la preparación en la proteína recombinante, eliminar la nicotina, y mejorar el rendimiento al obtenerse 500 μg/g TF. La proteína VP8* obtenida a partir de ambas fracciones resultó ser inmunogénica y protectiva contra el virus en el modelo del ratón lactante. Las estrategias alternativas para la expresión de VP8* no fueron exitosas. GUS-E-VP8* se acumuló como una proteína soluble en el estroma del cloroplasto, pero en niveles significativamente menores que VP8*. La construcción str-VP8* permitió la translocación de VP8* al lúmen de los tilacoides, pero se observó una proteólisis no esperada de la proteína, y la presencia de una forma truncada de la misma. Estos resultados sugieren que la acumulación de VP8* en el estroma del cloroplasto es favorecida por su insolubilidad, que la protegería del ataque proteolítico. La tercera molécula expresada fue el VHH clon 3B2 dirigido contra un epítope conformacional de la proteína VP6 de RVB. Para la expresión de este nanoanticuerpo también se evaluaron tres estrategias: expresión de VHH en el estroma, redirección al lúmen de los tilacoides (pep- VHH) y fusión a la enzima β-glucuronidasa (GUS-E-VHH). Todas las líneas de plantas transplastómicas expresando VHH mostraron un fenotipo heteroplástico. El análisis molecular confirmó la heteroplastía en líneas que habían sido regeneradas en medio selectivo al menos tres veces. La proteína VHH se acumuló en niveles bajos, los cuales se acercaban al límite de la detección por la técnica de western blot. La expresión se mejoró significativamente tanto en las plantas pep-VHH (2,5% de las PST; 60 μg/g TF) como en las GUS-E-VHH (3% de las PST; 70 μg/g TF), aunque en este último caso se observaron productos de degradación. Las plantas pep-VHH homoplásticas tenían un fenotipo clorótico que se intensificaba con la mayor iluminación. Los resultados obtenidos muestran la dificultad de expresar este VHH en cloroplastos y sugieren un efecto tóxico del transgén. La redirección al lúmen de los tilacoides favorecería la estabilidad de esta proteína heteróloga, lo cual es consistente con su expresión exitosa en E. coli cuando se expresa en el periplasma bacteriano. Los resultados presentados en este trabajo aportan evidencias que promueven el uso y optimización de plantas transplastómicas como biorreactores, para llegar a ser alternativas rentables y concretas de uso en la industria.In this PhD Thesis, we evaluated the feasibility of using transplastomic plants (Nicotiana tabacum) for the production of proteins of interest in veterinary medicine: two viral antigens and a camelid single-chain antibody (VHH). The first protein produced in this system was a translational fusion of an immunogenic peptide from VP1 of foot-and-mouth disease virus and the enzime β-glucuronidase (VP-βGUS). Transplastomic plants engineered to express the aforementioned construction were characterized at the molecular level. The heterologous protein accumulated up to 51% of the total soluble leaf protein (TSP), or 8 mg/g of fresh tissue (FT), while retaining its enzymatic activity and immunogenicity. The observed expression levels were clearly higher than those obtained previously in nuclear transgenic plants, using the same construction. Despite these high levels of expression, the phenotype of the transplastomic plants was indistinguishable from that of wild-type plants. This proof of concept with encouraging results, allowed us to continue evaluating this system for the production of other recombinant proteins. The second antigen expressed was VP8*, a non-glycosilated capside protein from bovine rotavirus (BRV). Two additional constructions were used to express it in the chloroplast stroma as a β-glucuronidase fusion (GUS-E-VP8*), and to accumulate it in the thylakoid lumen (str- VP8*). VP8* formed insoluble aggregates in the stroma and was partially solubilized by sonication. In the soluble extracts obtained from VP8* transplastomic plants, the recombinant protein represented 4% of the TSP (250 μg/g FT). The insoluble fraction from these plants was highly enriched in VP8*, devoid of nicotine, and contained 500 μg/g FT. The protein from both fractions was immunogenic and conferred protection against the virus in the suckling mouse model. The alternative strategies for VP8* expression were unsuccessful. GUS-E-VP8* accumulated as a soluble protein at barely detectable levels. The construction str-VP8* allowed translocation of VP8* into the thylakoid lumen, but the protein was processed in an unexpected manner. These results suggest that VP8* accumulation in the chloroplast stroma is boosted by its insolubility, which would protect the recombinant protein from proteolytic attack and degradation. The third molecule expressed was the VHH clone 3B2 directed against a conformational epitope of the VP6, an inner capsid protein of BVR. This nanobody was expressed using three strategies: accumulation in the stroma by itself (VHH) or as a fusion to the β-glucuronidase (GUS-E-VHH), and translocation into the thylakoid lumen (pep-VHH). All the transplastomic lines expressing the single-chain antibody presented an heteroplastic phenotype. Southern blot analysis confirmed the heteroplasmy of these plants. In VHH transplastomic plants the protein accumulated at very low levels, almost undetectable by western blot. Expression levels were improved in both pep-VHH (2,5% of TSP; 60 μg/g TF) and GUS-E-VHH plants (3 % of TSP; 70 μg/g TF), but in the latter case degradation products were observed. Homoplastic pep-VHH plants had a chlorotic phenotype, which was more intense when the plants were grown with higher illumination. These results show the difficulty of expressing this VHH in chloroplasts and suggest a toxic effect of the transgen on the plant. The redirection to the lumen of thylakoids favors the stability of the heterologous protein, which is consistent with its successful expression in E. coli when it is directed to the bacterial periplasm. The results presented in this work support the use and optimization of transplastomic plants as biorreactors, in order to become concrete industrial alternatives.Fil:Lentz, Ezequiel Matías. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina

Proteomics of model and crop plant species: status, current limitations and strategic advances for crop improvement.

In the last decade proteomics studies have gained increasing importance in plant research. The development of proteomics techniques allowing increased proteome coverage and quantitative measurements of proteins have been particularly instrumental to characterize proteomes and their modulation during plant development, biotic and abiotic stresses. Despite important advances, plant proteome analysis, including those of model plant species, remain constrained by limitations inherent to proteomics techniques and data interpretation. Here we review the approaches and achievements of proteomics with model plant and crop species (i.e. Arabidopsis and rice) and discuss the current limitations of crop proteomics. We anticipate future directions that could advance the contribution of plant proteomics to crop improvement

Translational fusion and redirection to thylakoid lumen as strategies to enhance accumulation of human papillomavirus E7 antigen in tobacco chloroplasts

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is the causal agent of cervical cancer, one of the most common causes of death in women worldwide, and its E7 antigen is the major candidate for a therapeutic vaccine. The large scale production of E7 by molecular farming that would lead to the development of a safe and inexpensive vaccine is impaired by its low accumulation level in the plant cell. To enhance antigen production in the plastids, two alternative strategies were carried out: the expression of E7 as a translational fusion to β-glucuronidase enzyme and redirection of E7 into the thylakoid lumen. The use of the β-glucuronidase as a partner protein turned out to be a successful strategy, antigen expression levels were enhanced between 30 to 40 times relative to unfused E7. Moreover, best accumulation, albeit at a high metabolic cost that compromised biomass production, was obtained redirecting E7 into the thylakoid lumen by the incorporation of the N-terminal transit peptide, Str. Following this approach lumenal E7 production exceeded the stromal by two orders of magnitude. Our results highlight the relevance of exploring different strategies to improve recombinant protein stability for certain transgenes in order to exploit potential advantages of recombinant protein accumulation in chloroplasts.Fil: Morgenfeld, Mauro Miguel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Lentz, Ezequiel Matias. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Segretin, Maria Eugenia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Alfano, Edgardo Federico. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Bravo Almonacid, Fernando Felix. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular; Argentin

Transformation of Solanum tuberosum plastids allows high expression levels of β-glucuronidase both in leaves and microtubers developed in vitro

Plastid genome transformation offers an attractive methodology for transgene expression in plants, but for potato, only expression of gfp transgene (besides the selective gene aadA) has been published. We report here successful expression of β-glucuronidase in transplastomic Solanum tuberosum (var. Desiree) plants, with accumulation levels for the recombinant protein of up to 41% of total soluble protein in mature leaves. To our knowledge, this is the highest expression level reported for a heterologous protein in S. tuberosum. Accumulation of the recombinant protein in soil-grown minitubers was very low, as described in previous reports. Interestingly, microtubers developed in vitro showed higher accumulation of β-glucuronidase. As light exposure during their development could be the trigger for this high accumulation, we analyzed the effect of light on β-glucuronidase accumulation in transplastomic tubers. Exposure to light for 8 days increased β-glucuronidase accumulation in soil-grown tubers, acting as a light-inducible expression system for recombinant protein accumulation in tuber plastids. In this paper we show that plastid transformation in potato allows the highest recombinant protein accumulation in foliar tissue described so far for this food crop. We also demonstrate that in tubers high accumulation is possible and depends on light exposure. Because tubers have many advantages as protein storage organs, these results could lead to new recombinant protein production schemes based on potato.Fil: Segretin, Maria Eugenia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular "Dr. Héctor N. Torres"; ArgentinaFil: Lentz, Ezequiel Matias. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular "Dr. Héctor N. Torres"; ArgentinaFil: Wirth, Sonia Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular "Dr. Héctor N. Torres"; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular. Laboratorio de Agrobiotecnología; ArgentinaFil: Morgenfeld, Mauro Miguel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular "Dr. Héctor N. Torres"; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular; ArgentinaFil: Bravo Almonacid, Fernando Felix. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular "Dr. Héctor N. Torres"; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes. Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología; Argentin

Genetic Transformation of Recalcitrant Cassava by Embryo Selection and Increased Hormone Levels

Genetic engineering is considered to be an important tool for the improvement of cassava. Cassava is a highly heterozygous crop species for which conventional breeding is a lengthy and tedious process. Robust transformation is based on Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of friable embryogenic callus (FEC). Production of FEC is genotype-dependent and considered to be a major bottleneck for the genetic transformation of cassava. As a consequence, routine genetic transformation has only been established for a handful of cassava cultivars. Therefore, development of procedures enabling efficient production of high-quality cassava FEC is required to allow the translation of research from the model cultivar to farmer-preferred cassava cultivars. Here we study the FEC production capacity of Brazilian cassava cultivars and report the modification of the protocol for the genetic transformation of Verdinha (BRS 222), a recalcitrant cultivar with high potential for protein production that is extensively used by farmers in Brazil

Genetic Transformation of Recalcitrant Cassava by Embryo Selection and Increased Hormone Levels.

Genetic engineering is considered to be an important tool for the improvement of cassava. Cassava is a highly heterozygous crop species for which conventional breeding is a lengthy and tedious process. Robust transformation is based on Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of friable embryogenic callus (FEC). Production of FEC is genotype-dependent and considered to be a major bottleneck for the genetic transformation of cassava. As a consequence, routine genetic transformation has only been established for a handful of cassava cultivars. Therefore, development of procedures enabling efficient production of high-quality cassava FEC is required to allow the translation of research from the model cultivar to farmer-preferred cassava cultivars. Here we study the FEC production capacity of Brazilian cassava cultivars and report the modification of the protocol for the genetic transformation of Verdinha (BRS 222), a recalcitrant cultivar with high potential for protein production that is extensively used by farmers in Brazil.status: Published onlin

Stacking of antimicrobial genes in potato transgenic plants confers increased resistance to bacterial and fungal pathogens

Solanum tuberosum plants were transformed with three genetic constructions expressing the Nicotiana tabacum AP24 osmotine, Phyllomedusa sauvagii dermaseptin and Gallus gallus lysozyme, and with a double-transgene construction expressing the AP24 and lysozyme sequences. Re-transformation of dermaseptin-transformed plants with the AP24/lysozyme construction allowed selection of plants simultaneously expressing the three transgenes. Potato lines expressing individual transgenes or double- and triple-transgene combinations were assayed for resistance to Erwinia carotovora using whole-plant and tuber infection assays. Resistance levels for both infection tests compared consistently for most potato lines and allowed selection of highly resistant phenotypes. Higher resistance levels were found in lines carrying the dermaseptin and lysozyme sequences, indicating that theses proteins are the major contributors to antibacterial activity. Similar results were obtained in tuber infection tests conducted with Streptomyces scabies. Plant lines showing the higher resistance to bacterial infections were challenged with Phytophthora infestans, Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium solani. Considerable levels of resistance to each of these pathogens were evidenced employing semi-quantitative tests based in detached-leaf inoculation, fungal growth inhibition and in vitro plant inoculation. On the basis of these results, we propose that stacking of these transgenes is a promising approach to achieve resistance to both bacterial and fungal pathogens.Fil: Rivero, Mercedes. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular; ArgentinaFil: Furman, Nicolas. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular; ArgentinaFil: Mencacci, Nicolas. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular; ArgentinaFil: Picca, Pablo Ignacio. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental. Laboratorio del Grupo de Estudio de Plantas Vasculares; ArgentinaFil: Toum, Laila. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular; ArgentinaFil: Lentz, Ezequiel Matias. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular "Dr. Héctor N. Torres"; ArgentinaFil: Bravo Almonacid, Fernando Felix. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular "Dr. Héctor N. Torres"; ArgentinaFil: Mentaberry, Alejandro Nestor. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular; Argentin

Cassava geminivirus agroclones for virus-induced gene silencing in cassava leaves and roots

Aim We report the construction of a Virus-Induced Gene Silencing (VIGS) vector and an agroinoculation protocol for gene silencing in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) leaves and roots. The African cassava mosaic virus isolate from Nigeria (ACMV-[NOg]), which was initially cloned in a binary vector for agroinoculation assays, was modified for application as VIGS vector. The functionality of the VIGS vector was validated in Nicotiana benthamiana and subsequently applied in wild-type and transgenic cassava plants expressing the uidA gene under the control of the CaMV 35S promoter in order to facilitate the visualization of gene silencing in root tissues. VIGS vectors were targeted to the Mg2+-chelatase gene in wild type plants and both the coding and promoter sequences of the 35S::uidA transgene in transgenic plants to induce silencing. We established an efficient agro-inoculation method with the hyper-virulent Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain AGL1, which allows high virus infection rates. The method can be used as a low-cost and rapid high-throughput evaluation of gene function in cassava leaves, fibrous roots and storage roots. Background VIGS is a powerful tool to trigger transient sequence-specific gene silencing in planta. Gene silencing in different organs of cassava plants, including leaves, fibrous and storage roots, is useful for the analysis of gene function. Results We developed an African cassava mosaic virus—based VIGS vector as well as a rapid and efficient agro-inoculation protocol to inoculate cassava plants. The VIGS vector was validated by targeting endogenous genes from Nicotiana benthamiana and cassava as well as the uidA marker gene in transgenic cassava for visualization of gene silencing in cassava leaves and roots. Conclusions The African cassava mosaic virus—based VIGS vector allows efficient and cost-effective inoculation of cassava for high-throughput analysis of gene function in cassava leaves and roots.ISSN:1746-481

Potato Virus X Coat Protein Fusion to Human Papillomavirus 16 E7 Oncoprotein Enhance Antigen Stability and Accumulation in Tobacco Chloroplast

Cervical cancer linked to infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) is the third cause of cancer-related death in women. As the virus cannot be propagated in culture, vaccines have been based on recombinant antigens with inherited high-cost production. In a search of alternative cheap production system, E7 HPV type 16 protein, an attractive candidate for anticancer vaccine development, was engineered to be expressed in tobacco chloroplast. In addition, E7 coding sequence was fused to potato virus X coat protein (CP) to compare expression level. Results show that E7CP transcript accumulation reached lower levels than non-fused E7. However, antigen expression levels were higher for fusion protein indicating that CP stabilizes E7 peptide in the chloroplast stroma. These results support viability of transplastomic plants for antigen production and the relevance of improving recombinant peptide stability for certain transgenes to enhance protein accumulation in this organelle.Fil: Morgenfeld, Mauro Miguel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular "Dr. Héctor N. Torres"; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular; ArgentinaFil: Segretin, Maria Eugenia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular "Dr. Héctor N. Torres"; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular; ArgentinaFil: Wirth, Sonia Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular "Dr. Héctor N. Torres"; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular; ArgentinaFil: Lentz, Ezequiel Matias. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular "Dr. Héctor N. Torres"; ArgentinaFil: Zelada, Alicia Mercedes. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular "Dr. Héctor N. Torres"; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular; ArgentinaFil: Mentaberry, Alejandro Nestor. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular "Dr. Héctor N. Torres"; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular; ArgentinaFil: Gissmann, Lutz. German Cancer Research Center; AlemaniaFil: Bravo Almonacid, Fernando Felix. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular "Dr. Héctor N. Torres"; Argentin

Expression of the multimeric and highly immunogenic brucella spp. Lumazine synthase fused to bovine rotavirus VP8D as a scaffold for antigen production in tobacco chloroplasts

Lumazine synthase from Brucella spp. (BLS) is a highly immunogenic decameric protein which can accommodate foreign polypeptides or protein domains fused to its N-termini, markedly increasing their immunogenicity. The inner core domain (VP8d) of VP8 spike protein from bovine rotavirus is responsible for viral adhesion to sialic acid residues and infection. It also displays neutralizing epitopes, making it a good candidate for vaccination. In this work, the BLS scaffold was assessed for the first time in plants for recombinant vaccine development by N-terminally fusing BLS to VP8d and expressing the resulting fusion (BLSVP8d) in tobacco chloroplasts. Transplastomic plants were obtained and characterized by Southern, northern and western blot. BLSVP8d was highly expressed, representing 40% of total soluble protein (4.85 mg/g fresh tissue). BLSVP8d remained soluble and stable during all stages of plant development and even in lyophilized leaves stored at room temperature. Soluble protein extracts from fresh and lyophilized leaves were able to induce specific neutralizing IgY antibodies in a laying hen model. This work presents BLS as an interesting platform for highly immunogenic injectable, or even oral, subunit vaccines. Lyophilization of transplastomic leaves expressing stable antigenic fusions to BLS would further reduce costs and simplify downstream processing, purification and storage, allowing for more practical vaccines.Fil: Alfano, Edgardo Federico. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular "Dr. Héctor N. Torres"; ArgentinaFil: Lentz, Ezequiel Matias. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular "Dr. Héctor N. Torres"; ArgentinaFil: Bellido, Demian. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Dus Santos, María José. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Goldbaum, Fernando Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires. Fundación Instituto Leloir. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Wigdorovitz, Andrés. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas; ArgentinaFil: Bravo Almonacid, Fernando Felix. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular "Dr. Héctor N. Torres"; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes. Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología; Argentin