Csillagfürtfajok növényvédelme

Az ökológiai adottságokhoz igazodó agrárszerkezetben a csillagfürtöket növénytani és élettani tulajdonságak a korszerû talajerô-gazdálkodás legperspektivikusabb növényeivé teszik. Termesztésük a gyenge termékenységû, savanyú talajú agroökológiai körzetekben mind agrár-környezetvédelmi, mind e térségek népességmegtartó képességének fokozása szempontjából kiemelkedô jelentôségû. Az édes csillagfürtök vetésterületének megfelelô növelése, a környezetkímélô talajerô-gazdálkodás megalapozása mellett, lényegesen enyhíthetnék a körzetek takarmánygondjait, elôsegítve ezzel a növénytermesztés és az állattenyésztés összhangjának megteremtését és ezen keresztül a fenntartható mezôgazdasági termelés kialakítását. Tekintettel arra, hogy hazánkban mintegy 2,0–2,4 millió hektár savanyú kémhatású, gyenge termékenységû talaj van, az édes csillagfürtök jelentôsége lényegesen nagyobb annál, mint amennyire napjainkban elterjedt. Érdemes lenne – még külön kiemelt támogatással is – fokozni a termelési kedvet. A haladó világ ugyanis egyre nagyobb figyelmet fordít az édescsillag fürt-magra mint a génmódosított (GM) szója helyettesítésére kiválóan alkalmas növényifehérje-forrásra. Nem csak takarmánynak, hanem a funkcionális élelmiszerek értékes alkotóelemeként is. A közelmúltig hazánkban a csillagfürtfajok termesztése növényvédelmi szempontból nem jelentett problémát. A gyomirtáson kívül sem a kórokozók, sem a kártevôk nem léptek fel olyan mértékben, hogy kémiai védekezésre szükség lett volna. Ebbôl adódik, hogy a csillagfürtfajokra alig vannak engedélyezett növényvédô szerek (fungicidek, inszekticidek). Tapasztalataink alap ján – eseti engedély megszerzésével – ajánlunk készítményeket, ezeket a 3. táblázatban külön megjelöltük. 2004-tôl megváltozott a helyzet, amikor a fehérvirágú csillagfürtben (Lupinus albus L.) fellépett új kórokozó gombák, a Colletotrichum gloeosporioides és a C. acutatum járványos mértéket öltve a vetésterület jelentôs részén a teljes növényállományt kipusztították. 2006-ban a gombák megfertôzték a sárgavirágú (L. luteus L.) és a kékvirágú (L. angustifolius L.) csillagfürtfajokat is. A rezisztens fajták megjelenéséig fokozott figyelmet kell fordítani e kórokozók elleni növényvédelemre

Assessment of the Quality of Elective Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair Patient Information on the Internet Using the Modified Ensuring Quality Information for Patients Tool.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the quality of patient information material regarding elective abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair on the internet using the Modified Ensuring Quality Information for Patients (MEQIP) tool. METHODS: A qualitative assessment of internet based patient information was performed. The 12 most used search terms relating to AAA repair were identified using Google Trends, with the first 10 pages of websites retrieved for each term searched. Duplicates were removed, and information for patients undergoing elective AAA were selected. Further exclusion criteria were marketing material, academic journals, videos, and non-English language sites. The remaining websites were then MEQIP scored independently by two reviewers, producing a final score by consensus. RESULTS: A total of 1 297 websites were identified, with 235 (18.1%) eligible for analysis. The median MEQIP score was 18 (interquartile range [IQR] 14, 21) out of a possible 36. The highest score was 33. The 99th percentile MEQIP scoring websites scored > 27, with four of these six sites representing online copies of hospital patient information leaflets, however hospital sites overall had lower median MEQIP scores than most other institution types. MEQIP subdomain median scores were: content, 8 (IQR 6, 11); identification, 3 (IQR 1, 3); and structure, 7 (IQR 6, 9). Of the analysed websites, 77.9% originated from the USA (median score 17) and 12.8% originated in the UK (median score 22). Search engine ranking was related to website institution type but had no correlation with MEQIP. CONCLUSION: When assessed by the MEQIP tool, most websites regarding elective AAA repair are of questionable quality. This is in keeping with studies in other surgical and medical fields. Search engine ranking is not a reliable measure of quality of patient information material regarding elective AAA repair. Health practitioners should be aware of this issue as well as the whereabouts of high quality material to which patients can be directed

Fast Pre-Trigger Electronics of T0/Centrality MCP-Based Start Detector for ALICE

This work describes an alternative to the current ALICE baseline solution for a TO detector, still under development. The proposed system consists of two MCP-based T0/Centrality Start Detectors (backward-forward isochronous disks) equipped with programmable, TTC synchronized front-end electronic cards (FEECs) which would be positioned along the LHC colliding beam line on both sides of the ALICE interaction region. The purpose of this arrangement, providing both precise timing and fast multiplicity selection, is to give a pre-trigger signal at the earliest possible time after a central event. This pre-trigger can be produced within 25 ns. It can be delivered within 100 ns directly to the Transition Radiation Detector and would be the earliest L0 input coming to the ALICE Central Trigger Processor. A noise-free passive multichannel summator of 2ns signals is used to provide a determination of the collision time with a potential accuracy better than 10 ps in the case of Pb-Pb collisions, the limit coming from the electronics. Results from in-beam tests confirm the functionality of the main elements. Further development plans are presented

Fast front-end L0 trigger electronics for ALICE FMD-MCP tests and performance

We present design details and new measurements of the performance of fast electronics for the Forward Multiplicity Detector for ALICE. These detectors based on sector type Microchannel Plates (MCP) forming several disks gave the very first trigger decision in the experiment (L0). Fast passive summators integrated with the detectors are used for linear summation of up to eight isochronous signal channels from MCP pads belonging to one sector. Two types of microelectronics design thin film summators were produced. We present test results for these summators, working in the frequency range up to 1 Ghz. New low noise preamplifiers have been built to work with these summators. The new design shows a good performance with the usable frequency range extended up to 1 Ghz. An upgrade of the functional scheme for the L0 ALICE pre-trigger design is also presented.Abstract:List of figures Figure 1: ALICE L0 Trigger Front-End Electronics Functional Scheme. Figure 2: UHF design for a fast passive summator based on directional couplers. Figure 3: Photo of an industrially produced passive summator based on circular bridges. Figure 4: Oscillogram of the fast 4 signals separated by different delays shown at the fast output of the passive summator. Figure 5: The same as in Figure 4, but with the delays removed. Figure 6: Fast preamplifier layout. Figure 7: Gain versus Frequency Response for fast preamplifier. Figure 8: Transition response of the preamplifier for a 100 psec rise time step function. Figure 9: The shape of the MCP signal measured after the summator and fast preamplifier. </A

A study of the etapipi channel produced in central pp interactions at 450 GeV/c

The reaction pp -> pf (eta pi pi) ps has been studied at 450 GeV/c. There is clear evidence for an a2(1320)pi decay mode of the eta2(1645) and eta2(1870). In addition, there is evidence for an a0(980)pi$ decay mode of both resonances and an f2(1270)eta decay mode of the eta2(1870). No evidence is found for a JPC = 2++ a2(1320)pi wave.Comment: 15 pages, Latex, 4 Figures Branching ratio a2pi /f2 eta correcte

A study of the f0(1370), f0(1500), f0(2000) and f2(1950) observed in the centrally produced 4pi final states

The production and decay properties of the f0(1370), f0(1500), f0(2000) and f2(1950) have been studied in central pp interactions at 450 GeV/c. The dPT, phi and |t| distributions of these resonances are presented. For the J = 0 states, the f0(1370) and f0(2000) have similar dPT and phi dependences. These are different to the dPT and phi dependences of the f0(980), f0(1500) and f0(1710). For the J = 2 states the f2(1950) has different dependences to the f2(1270) and f2'(1520). This shows that the dPT and phi dependences are not just J phenomena.Comment: 14 pages, Latex, 4 Figure

A search for charmonium states produced in central pp interactions at 450 GeV/c

A search for centrally produced charmonium states has been presented. There is no significant evidence for any charmonium production. An upper limit of 2 nb is found for the cross section of chic production using the decay chic(1P)-> J/psi gamma.Comment: 10 pages, Latex, 4 Figure

A study of the centrally produced pi0pi0pi0 channel in pp interactions at 450 GeV/c

The reaction pp -> pf (pi0pi0pi0) ps has been studied at 450 GeV/c. The pi0pi0pi0 effective mass spectrum shows clear eta(547) and pi2(1670) signals. Branching ratios for the eta(547) and pi_2(1670) are given as well as upper limits for the decays of the omega(782), a1(1260) and a2(1320) into 3pi0.Comment: 10 pages, Latex, 4 Figure