All the Walls Between Them

N/

Rudolph Marxer Oral History Interview: Polar Bear Oral History Project

Records of an oral history project done with veterans of the American Expeditionary Force, North Russia, 1918-1919 (“Polar Bears”). The collection also contains general background materials pertaining to the Polar Bears. Includes interview transcripts, cassette tapes, articles, bibliographies, diaries, clippings, photographs, microfilm and a book. Accession No.: H88-0239.5 Provenance: Polar Bear Oral History Project Donor: Hope College History Department Photographs: 24 images Processed by: Craig Wright, February 1991 Catherine Jung, April 200

Floyd Lewis Oral History Interview: Polar Bear Oral History Project I

Records of an oral history project done with veterans of the American Expeditionary Force, North Russia, 1918-1919 (“Polar Bears”). The collection also contains general background materials pertaining to the Polar Bears. Includes interview transcripts, cassette tapes, articles, bibliographies, diaries, clippings, photographs, microfilm and a book. Accession No.: H88-0239.5 Provenance: Polar Bear Oral History Project Donor: Hope College History Department Photographs: 24 images Processed by: Craig Wright, February 1991 Catherine Jung, April 200

Pre-lmpoundment Boating Activity in the Saylorville Reservoir Area

Studies of pre-impoundment boating activity were made in the Saylorville reservoir area, Polk County, Iowa, from June 1968 to December 1969. The peak period of boating on the Des Moines River in the area occurred in August and September, but because of low water, flat-bottomed boats and canoes made up about 78% (392 of 506) of river craft seen. An increase in large pleasure boats was observed during high river flow in early summer 1969. Most boating took place on weekend and holiday afternoons. Most boaters and canoeists had at least a high-school education, reported incomes of over $7000, and participated as members of 1- or 2-family groups, plus friends. Most of them visited the area either 2 or 3 times or 5 or 6 times per year. Boating and canoeing were common in conjunction with other activities. Many canoeists were young people from summer camps located 14 to 18 mile upstream near Madrid and Boone. Overall use of the area by boaters and canoeists was light

Critical thinking in education: What can the matter be?

The paper presents expert commentary on this issue, where informal logic and philosophy are found to be the favored approaches to the teaching of critical thinking, followed by the interpretation and evaluation of the two major types of programs used to teach critical thinking skills; Lipman\u27s Philosophy for Children program is explained as a specific class intended to teach children to reason by means of a dialogical, philosophical approach; Thoughtful teaching or the across-the-curriculum approach will be explained as to its basic parts, which are a selection of skills and a teaching method to introduce them. There is no universally accepted way of doing this plan, but Richard Paul\u27s successful approach is presented; The history of the Clark County School District (CCSD)\u27s critical thinking plan is detailed, followed by an analysis of its current status and contents. The CCSD Teaching Strategies for Thinking manual is evaluated. (Abstract shortened with permission of author.)

George Petropolous Oral History Interview: Polar Bear Oral History Project

Records of an oral history project done with veterans of the American Expeditionary Force, North Russia, 1918-1919 (“Polar Bears”). The collection also contains general background materials pertaining to the Polar Bears. Includes interview transcripts, cassette tapes, articles, bibliographies, diaries, clippings, photographs, microfilm and a book. Accession No.: H88-0239.5 Provenance: Polar Bear Oral History Project Donor: Hope College History Department Photographs: 24 images Processed by: Craig Wright, February 1991 Catherine Jung, April 200

Modulation of ecdysal cyst and toxin dynamics of two Alexandrium (Dinophyceae) species under small-scale turbulence

Some dinoflagellate species have shown different physiological responses to certain turbulent conditions. Here we investigate how two levels of turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rates (epsilon = 0.4 and 27 cm(2) s(-3)) affect the PSP toxins and ecdysal cyst dynamics of two bloom forming species, Alexandrium minutum and A. catenella. The most striking responses were observed at the high epsilon generated by an orbital shaker. In the cultures of the two species shaken for more than 4 days, the cellular GTX(1+4) toxin contents were significantly lower than in the still control cultures. In A. minutum this trend was also observed in the C(1+2) toxin content. For the two species, inhibition of ecdysal cyst production occurred during the period of exposure of the cultures to stirring (4 or more days) at any time during their growth curve. Recovery of cyst abundances was always observed when turbulence stopped. When shaking persisted for more than 4 days, the net growth rate significantly decreased in A. minutum (from 0.25 +/- 0.01 day(-1) to 0.19 +/- 0.02 day(-1)) and the final cell numbers were lower (ca. 55.4%) than in the still control cultures. In A. catenella, the net growth rate was not markedly modified by turbulence although under long exposure to shaking, the cultures entered earlier in the stationary phase and the final cell numbers were significantly lower (ca. 23%) than in the control flasks. The described responses were not observed in the experiments performed at the low turbulence intensities with an orbital grid system, where the population development was favoured. In those conditions, cells appeared to escape from the zone of the influence of the grids and concentrated in calmer thin layers either at the top or at the bottom of the containers. This ecophysiological study provides new evidences about the sensitivity to high levels of small-scale turbulence by two life cycle related processes, toxin production and encystment, in dinoflagellates. This can contribute to the understanding of the dynamics of those organisms in nature