Historische Anthropologie

Im Schnittfeld von Europäischer Ethnologie / Volkskunde und Geschichtswissenschaften hat sich die Historische Anthropologie in den letzten drei Jahrzehnten international etabliert. Dabei orientiert sie sich an einem breiten Kulturbegriff und widmet sich der wissenschaftlichen Rekonstruktion wie Analyse von Lebenswelten und Alltagspraktiken. Gegenwärtig ist das ausdifferenzierte Feld von Debatten um Epistemologien und Methoden geprägt. Daher scheint es an der Zeit, ein Diskussionsforum zum state of the art in der Historischen Anthropologie zu veröffentlichen und auf H-Soz-u-Kult einen Diskussionsrahmen für aktuelle Forschungsfragen und Standortbestimmungen zu schaffen. Dieser Band aus der Reihe "Historisches Forum" versammelt Essays zu den aktuellen Debatten und liefert Anregungen zu Methoden- wie Theoriediskussionen

Colonial Metaphors: Symbolic Approaches to the Chaco Tierra Adentro

La expresión tierra adentro pertenece al vocabulario de las fuentes coloniales y es también utilizada en el ámbito académico para los estudios de frontera; sin embargo, aún no hemos reflexionado sobre sus usos y sentidos. En este trabajo adopto una perspectiva etnográfica orientada a las fronteras del Chaco durante el siglo XVIII, con la intención de abordar la dimensión simbólica de tierra adentro, atendiendo a los distintos sentidos adheridos a ella durante la Colonia y a las prácticas de dominación asociadas a esas significaciones. Considero, también, su incorporación como categoría de análisis a los estudios académicos sobre los espacios de frontera. Los datos provienen de un gran número de documentos escritos durante la Colonia y fueron examinados desde la propuesta de la antropología histórica: la crítica textual y contextual, la lectura transversal y la interpretación de las situaciones sociales del pasado, entre otras. Tierra adentro condensa un amplio abanico de significados arraigados en el imaginario colonial, que condicionaron la percepción de los grupos indígenas no sometidos y de sus territorios; esos significados ?que se expresan en términos metafóricos? promovieron y habilitaron políticas de sometimiento; el uso de esta expresión en el ámbito académico va de la mano de cierta conceptualización sobre la tierra adentro sobre la que recién se ha comenzado a reflexionar. Este trabajo aporta a la desnaturalización de una expresión habitualmente utilizada, pero sobre cuyos significados intrínsecos aún no se han formulado definiciones ni debates. De esta manera, contribuye a la discusión crítica en cuanto al uso y los alcances teóricos del vocabulario heredado de las fuentes documentales para la investigación histórico-antropológica y propone algunos aspectos comunes que podrían aplicarse a otros espacios concebidos como tierra adentro durante la experiencia colonial.The expression tierra adentro belongs to the language of colonial sources and although it is also used in academia in border studies, we are yet to reflect on its uses and meanings. In this work, I adopt an ethnographic perspective focusing on the frontiers of the Chaco province during the 18th century, in order to address the symbolic dimension of the tierra adentro, paying attention to the different meanings attached to it during the colonial period and the practices of domination associated with those meanings. I also consider its incorporation as a category of analysis in academic border studies. The data come from a large number of documents written during the colonial period, which I examined based on historical anthropology approach: Textual and contextual criticism, transversal reading, and interpretation of past social situations, among others. Tierra adentro condenses a wide range of meanings rooted in the colonial imaginary, which conditioned the perception of non-submissive indigenous groups and their territories; these meanings —expressed in metaphorical terms— promoted and enabled policies of submission. The use of this expression in the academic sphere goes hand in hand with a certain conceptualization of tierra adentro which has only recently begun to be addressed. This work supports the denaturalization of an expression that is commonly used but whose intrinsic meanings have not yet been properly defined or debated. Accordingly, it adds to the critical discussion regarding the use and theoretical scope of the vocabulary acquired from documentary sources for historical-anthropological research and it proposes some common aspects that could be applied to other spaces that were conceived as tierra adentro during the colonial experience.Fil: Lucaioli, Carina Paula. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Centro de Investigaciones Sociales. Instituto de Desarrollo Económico y Social. Centro de Investigaciones Sociales; Argentin

Mamsell Bohmans fall

"One summer day in Stockholm in 1747, the carpenter's daughter Lena Cajsa Bohman faces trial for disobedience to her father. Soon, she admits to more serious crimes. A tangle of trafficking of young women is revealed. It develops into a story of power and greed, of secret networks and trade with young women. The protocols reflects women's circumstances in a time when all extra-marital sexuality was forbidden and the word prostitution was not used. In 18th century Stockholm, no distinction was made between prostitution and extramarital sexuality. All sexual intercourse outside of marriage was illegal for both women and men. Through the combination of a variety of material sources, from trial protocols to memoirs and hateful whore poems, we get a versatile picture of the commercial sexuality. The testimony of mamsell Bohman tells about how the trade was organized, who the profiteers, the women and the buying men were, where the trade took place and how women who provided sex för money were looked upon. The overall aim is to investigate how the whore stigma remains over centuries. The stigma is extremely adaptable and constantly accommodates to new cultural and social contexts, laws, values and established truths. It is intertwined with dominant notions of good and evil, of honor and contempt. During the 18th century, the whore stigma was not yet linked to payment for sex. It could affect all women, but was crossed by other hierarchical social orders. Despite a rigid legal stance and a strong social control, the boundaries were more permeable than they would later become. There was a striking discrepancy between law, jurisprudence and the verdict of the mob in 18th century Stockholm - a city where the bourgeois daughter Lena Cajsa was able to admit to relations with the notorious Lovisa von Plat and a number of illegitimate sexual relations, but escape punishment and marry into nobility.