Learning styles of University Students and Language Learning: Concepts, recent views and research-based Recommendations

The contribution deals with Vermunt´s – Van Rijswijk´s constructivist model and inventory of learning styles (ILS). Students in the experimental group learned English from arbitrary internet materials and control group students studied in face-to-face lessons. Common values and students scores were compared; in both groups, identical ILS items exceeded the common values range

Learning Styles of Language Learners: Overview and Directions in Life-Long Learning Perspective

Článek byl napsán jako reakce na nedostatek systematických přehledových studií věnovaných učebním stylům v oblasti učení se jazykům. Autorka by ráda usnadnila čtenářům orientaci v problematice a podpořila informovanost o učebních stylech. Článek nově systematizuje modely učebních stylů do kategorií obecné a specificky vyvinuté pro učení se jazykům. Inovativně se také zabývá možností jejich změn či zachováním. Součástí textu je i přehled hlavních literárních odkazů zaměřených na učební styly. Autorka navrhuje faktory, které by měly být brány v potaz při volbě vhodného modelu. V univerzitních jazykových kurzech by měly být podporovány styly, které umožňují celoživotní rozšíření jazykové kompetence. Text je doplněn přehledem návrhů pro výzkum v oblasti metakognitivních faktorů a faktorů pro celoživotní učení se jazykům. Obojí spolu s přispěním kognitivní psychologie může vést ke vzniku nových modelů v oblasti učení se jazykům.The article was compiled because of lack of comprehensive works providing an overall systematic view of the field of language learning styles. The author intends to make orientation in the field easier and, moreover, to enhance awareness of learning styles to a desirable level. As a novelty, it systemizes them into categories of general and language learning focused models and discusses possibility of their change or preservation. The overview also deals with literature findings on styles. The author suggests factors i

Teaching English at German and Swiss Technical Universities

The aim of this article is to provide Czech readers with information on teaching English at German technical universities (TU). The overview draws on the minutes from an eight German and one Swiss TU meeting held in November 2019 at Technical University München (Technische Universität München). Within her Erasmus+ visti, the author took part in the session

Epigenetic mechanisms in the interferon γ signalling pathway

IFNγ je důležitý cytokin zprostředkující imunitní odpověď, včetně imunity protinádorové. IFNγ ovlivňuje expresi mnoha genů, které pak regulují různé procesy v buňce. V nádorových buňkách byly pozorovány defekty v signální dráze IFNγ a chyby v regulaci exprese genů indukovaných IFNγ, např. genů pro antigen prezentující mašinérii (APM) nebo hlavní histokompatibilní komplex (MHC). Epigenetické mechanismy mohou hrát roli v regulaci exprese genu pro IFNγ a také genů IFNγ regulovaných, včetně komponent jeho signální dráhy. U lymfocytů z nádorů byla pozorována omezená schopnost produkovat IFNγ spojena s epigenetickým umlčením genu pro IFNγ. V nádorových buňkách bylo prokázáno epigenetické umlčení exprese genů v signální dráze IFNγ, jako transkripčních faktorů IRF a dalších genů regulovaných IFNγ, např. genů pro APM a MHC nebo indoldioxygenázu. V případě jejich aktivace pomocí IFNγ byly pozorovány epigenetické změny v regulačních oblastech těchto genů. IFNγ se dá tak považovat za epigenetické agens. Epigenetické modulátory dokáží aktivovat expresi některých genů regulovaných IFNγ, čímž je možno částečně vysvětlit imunomodulační účinky těchto agens. Epigenetické regulace genů řízených IFNγ jsou také důležité pro únik nádorových buněk imunitní odpovědi. Klíčová slova: Interferon γ, epigenetika, methylace...IFNγ is an important cytosine mediating imune responses, including antitumor immunity. It can affect expression of a lot of genes, which regulate different cellular processes. In tumor cells defects in signal cascade of IFNγ and mistakes in expression of genes regulated by IFNγ, for example genes for antigen adjustment and presentation (APM) or genes for major histocompatibility complex (MHC), were observed. Epigenetic mechanisms, can play a role in regulation of expression of genes for IFNγ, as well as in regulation of expression of genes regulated by IFNγ, including the components of the IFNγ signalling pathway. In lymphocytes from tumors the ability to produce IFNγ was limited by epigenetic silencing of genes for IFNγ. In tumor cells, epigenetic silencing of genes regulated by IFNγ, of genes of the IFNγ signaling cascade, for example IRF transcription factors, and other genes regulated by IFNγ, such as genes for APM, MHC or indoldioxygenase coding genes (IDO), was demonstrated. In case of their activation by IFNγ, epigenetic changes in regulation sequences of appropriate genes, were observed. IFNγ thus can be considered as an epigenetic agent. Epigenetic modulators are able to activate expression of genes regulated by IFNγ. By this way it's possible to explain some of immunomudullatory effects...Department of Cell BiologyKatedra buněčné biologiePřírodovědecká fakultaFaculty of Scienc

Tin compounds in food-their distribution and determination

The aim of this work was optimization of the methods of trace-and ultratrace analysis, such as ICP-OES, ETA-AAS for charting the resources of individual forms of tin in foodstuffs. Increase of the sensitivity of the method of ICP-OES was achieved using the techniques of generation of hydrides, which was also optimized. Based on the information available on the occurrence of the different forms of tin, it appears that many of these organometallic compounds are contained in marine animals; attention has mainly focused on organisms such as marine fish, crustaceans, molluscs and algae. Tin compounds of predominantly inorganic origin can be found in foods and beverages which are packed in cans with a protective tin coating, too. The above mentioned methods have been applied to the analysis of selected beverages with low content of tin such as Coca Cola, Sprite, Fanta, Gambrinus 10°, PowerKing, and milk in the cans. Furthermore samples of animal origin as Sardines in oil, and Hunter's salami were examined, too. Prior to the determination of tin, samples need to be appropriately modified or analysed. Decomposition of the samples was done in the microwave system. Low pressure ion exchange chromatography with on-line detection of ICP-OES was used for separation of inorganic tin compounds. Separation of organically bound tin compounds was performed by HPLC on a column of ACE C-18, 3 µm, 15 cm x 1.0 mm with off-line detection by ETA-AAS. All of the above forms of tin compounds can be separated with this column. Due to the improvement in the detection of organically bounded tin, HPLC with identical ACE C-18 column coupled online for example with ICP-MS or spectrofluorimetry could be recommended. © 2019 Muhammad Arba et al

Storage of extra virgin olive oil and its impact on fatty acid levels

Peroxide value, acid value, and fatty acid content were monitored during two-year storage in the following products: Luccese Olio extra vergine d'oliva (LOEVDO), Blanqueta extra-virgin olive oil (BEVOO) and Agrocreta extra-virgin olive oil (AEVOO). In LOEVDO and BEVOO, peroxide value increased by 50%; AEVOO showed 80% growth. Maximum acid value was found solely in LOEVDO (<0.8%). All the analyzed samples contained almost identical proportions of fatty acids. Minute amount of lauric acid (C 12:0) was indentified in BVEOO samples only. The two-year storage resulted in growth of oleic and stearic acid levels and in decrease of linoleic and palmitic acids concentration. The percentage of SAFA, MUFA and PUFA complied with recommended levels.operational Program Research and Development for Innovations (Vyzkum a vyvoj pro inovace); European Fund for Regional Development (ERDF); state budget of the Czech Republic within the Centre of Polymer Systems Project [CZ.1.05/2.1.00/03.0111]; 2112 Institutional Support for the Development of Research Organizations (Institucionalni podpora na rozvoj vyzkumne organizace) - Brno University of Technology; MSMT C

Effects of the lactation period, breed and feed on amino acids profile of mare's milk

The effects of the lactation period, breed, and feed on amino acids profile of mare's milk were investigated. The feed contained two major essential amino acids (EAAs) leucine (7.31-10.3 g. kg-1) and arginine (6.37-9.59 g. kg-1); it also included minor EAAs methionine (2.11-3.05 g. kg-1) and histidine (2.48-3.60 g. kg-1). Glu+Gln, Asp+Asn, and proline, major nonessential amino acids (NEAAs), constituted approximately 60% of total NEAAs (TNEAAs). The ratio of total EAAs to NEAAs ranged from 1:1.2 to 1:1.4. Amino acids (AA) content throughout all milk samples varied due to mare's different conditions and lactation days. Except for the 1P milk sample, total AA content in the 2-8Ps specimens caused by differences in breed oscillated from the 2nd to 28th day of lactation within the following limits: 21.9-54.6 g. kg-1, 33.6-70.7 g. kg-1, 38.1-71.2 g. kg-1, 29.46-74.2 g. kg-1, 52.2-87.1 g. kg-1, 37.9-70.3 g. kg-1 and 26.4-64.5 g. kg-1, respectively. In relation to TEAAs in milk, the highest EAAs levels were reached in arginine, leucine and lysine ranging between 2.41-4.35 g. kg-1, 3.36-5.59 g. kg-1 and 2.72-4.80 g. kg-1, respectively, while the lowest AAs amounts were indicated in histidine and methionine, 0.91-1.58 g. kg-1 and 1.23-2.04 g. kg-1 respectively. Total NEAAs content was slightly higher than that of EAAs; the TNEAAs to TEAAs ratio was 1:0.9 proximately. Glu+Gln, Asp+Asn and proline were determined as major NEAAs of milk ranging between, 6.77-11.0 g. kg-1, 3.21-5.60 g. kg-1 and 1.25-2.18 g. kg-1, respectively; levels of NEAAs such as cysteine and glycine oscillated between 0.89-1.52 g. kg-1 and 0.64-1.15 g. kg-1, respectively. The average TAAs contents caused by breed differences were 62.8 g. kg-1, 42.8 g. kg-1, 44.7 g. kg-1 and 44.8 g. kg-1, respectively, on the 2nd, 5th, 10th, and 28th lactation days. © 2020 Potravinarstvo Slovak Journal of Food Sciences

The role of actin isoforms in somatic embryogenesis in Norway spruce

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Somatic embryogenesis in spruce is a process of high importance for biotechnology, yet it comprises of orchestrated series of events whose cellular and molecular details are not well understood. In this study, we examined the role of actin cytoskeleton during somatic embryogenesis in Norway spruce line AFO 541 by means of anti-actin drugs.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Application of low doses (50-100 nM) of latrunculin B (Lat B) during the maturation of somatic embryos predominantly killed suspensor cells while leaving the cells in meristematic centres alive, indicating differential sensitivity of actin in the two cell types. The treatment resulted in faster development of more advanced embryos into mature somatic embryos and elimination of insufficiently developed ones. In searching for the cause of the differential actin sensitivity of the two cell types, we analysed the composition of actin isoforms in the culture and isolated four spruce actin genes. Analysis of their expression during embryo maturation revealed that one actin isoform was expressed constitutively in both cell types, whereas three actin isoforms were expressed predominantly in suspensor cells and their expression declined during the maturation. The expression decline was greatly enhanced by Lat B treatment. Sequence analysis revealed amino-acid substitutions in the Lat B-binding site in one of the suspensor-specific actin isoforms, which may result in a different binding affinity for Lat B.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>We show that manipulating actin in specific cell types in somatic embryos using Lat B treatment accelerated and even synchronized the development of somatic embryos and may be of practical use in biotechnology.</p

SONDEO ARQUEOLÓGICO SECTOR 35 [Material gráfico]

Copia digital. Madrid : Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte, 201