The consistency of EU foreign policies towards new member states

This paper analyses the relation between transfers, migration and income levels. While European countries have been very generous by opening their frontiers to trade, investing in transition countries, and accepting as EU new members some of the latter, their migration policies were less liberal. The policy coherence debate is an old theme in the international economics literature, which is revisited here by looking at the relationships between aid and migration policies towards new member states. Are they substitutes or complements? What happens if eastern European labour markets conditions improve? In theory, potential migrants will stay home, and the concern of being invaded by skilled/unskilled workers searching for better conditions and higher wages in the old member states can be alleviated. But in practice, at low level or revenue in the origin countries, economic progress can result in lowering a budgetary constraint (potential migrants cannot afford the cost of moving), leading to more migration pressures. We therefore compute the critical level of GDP, above which an increase in European transfers and improvement in economic situation of the recipient country will not lead to an increase in migration pressures by decreasing the cost of moving. It amounts to 2837 $US for within European migration. We argue that this critical level is not the same for a skilled and for an unskilled individual. In other words, the critical revenue, under which a skilled individual with better opportunities abroad decides to migrate, will be higher than the critical revenue for an unskilled worker, who may be better off by staying home and looking for a job at home: US$15085 for the former, and US$ 4384 for the latter. This has an important implication, namely that in some cases, increasing financial transfers will result in increasing the gap between skilled and unskilled departures from countries suffering already from a brain drain phenomena.Aid, Migration, Foreign policy coherence, The consistency of EU foreign policies towards new member states, Economic Papers

Pengaruh Lingkungan Fisik Terhadap Loyalitas Pelanggan Pada Hotel Berbintang Lima Jakarta

Usaha jasa perhotelan adalah bagian dari industri jasa yang sangat mengandalkan layanan yang superior. Usaha ini juga menghadapi kompetisi yang cukup ketat sehingga. penting bagi USAha jasa perhotelan untuk mengetahui strategi yang paling tepat untuk mendapatkan pelanggan yang loyal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi pengaruh dari kualitas layanan dan kualitas relasional yang dipengaruhi oleh aspek lingkungan fisik, terhadap loyalitas pelanggan, khususnya dalam industri perhotelan. Teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah non probability sampling dengan menjadikan tamu hotel sebagai responden. 350 kuesioner dibagikan kepada para tamu hotel berbintang lima di Jakarta. Data dianalisa dengan menggunakan LISREL 8.8. Temuan dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa variabel lingkungan fisik, kualitas layanan dan kualitas relasional memiliki hubungan yang bervariasi dengan loyalitas pelanggan pada hotel berbintang lima. Kualitas pelayanan tidak memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap loyalitas pelanggan

An Assessment of some of the Poisonous Plant Species to Animals found in Delta State, Nigeria

This study investigated some poisonous plants to animals in three communities viz; Ebor-Orogun in Ughelli North Local Government Area; Kwale in Ndokwa West Local Government Area and Ozoro in Isoko South Local Government Area, all in Delta State, Nigeria. Dried leaves, roots and tubers of Dennettia tripetala, Cola nitida, Dracaena marginata, Cucumis melo, Terminalia catappa, Persea americana, Manihot esculenta, Telfaira occidentalis and Vernonia amygdalina were grounded to coarse powders and 16g of each powder was weighed into a conical flask.  Distilled water (120cm3) was added and the content was shaken and kept for 48hours at room temperature. Filtration of the extract was carried out using whatman No1 filter paper and concentrated using vacuum evaporator. Phytochemical analysis was carried out using standard methods. The results revealed that there were nine (9) indigenous plants with poisonous effects to animals as reported by the community dwellers, among the selected plants and these include: D. tripetala, C. nitida, D. marginata and C. melo, T. catappa, P. americana, M. esculenta (tuber), T. occidentalis (root) and V. amygdalina (root). Qualitative analysis showed the presence of alkaloid, anthocyanines, cardiac glycoside, flavonoid, glycoside, phenol, reducing sugar, saponin, saponin, tannin and terpenoid in low, moderate and high level in the plants. The chemical quantification revealed the presence of tannin (26.90%, 22.95%, 27%) in C. melo, D. tripetala and C. nitida, saponin (13%) in N. laewis, cyanogenic glycoside (3.24mg/l, 1.11mg/l) in M. esculenta and V. amygdalina followed by hydrogen cyanide (0.76mg/l, 0.75mg/l, 6.41mg/l) in P. americana, T. catappa and T. occidentalisas the major cause of poisoning in the plants encountered.There is need for evaluation of the effects of these substances on the organs and systems of animals in order to ascertain the actual site of toxicity of these substances

The Reception of Women Pianists in London, 1950-60

This study investigates the reception of women pianists in London in the decade 1950-60, based on reviews published in three music journals, Music and Musicians, Musical Opinion, The Musical Times, and one national daily newspaper, The Times. In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, women pianists, both amateur and professional, suffered from the notion that women were innately unable to engage with a superior art form such as music: thus argue scholars including Katharine Ellis, Richard Leppert, Ruth Solie and Judith Tick. Yet, such attitudes did not prevent a strong tradition of women pianists from being formed. In Britain, in the latter part of the nineteenth century, Arabella Goddard was at the forefront of the London musical scene; she was succeeded by Fanny Davies and Adelina de Lara and, later, Dame Myra Hess and Harriet Cohen, whose career successes came in the 1920s. While the situation of women pianists in Britain between the mid-nineteenth century and the late 1920s has been assessed by scholars such as Therese Ellsworth and Dorothy de Val, an in-depth study dealing with the reception of women pianists in post-WWII Britain has yet to appear. This study does not attempt to assess the technical or musical accuracy of the reviews considered; instead, it asks, what were the musical perspectives of the reviewers and, specifically, what were their views on women pianists? First, it presents six important critics, Frank Howes, Clinton Gray-Fisk, Sir Jack Westrup, Andrew Porter, Joan Chissell and Diana McVeagh, all of whom contributed to the four sources cited above. Then it assesses the extent of the prejudice embedded in the reviews examined (written by many more than the six above), which invoke such varied issues as masculinist repertoire and female anatomy. Following this, it examines the careers of six leading women concert pianists of the time: Dame Myra Hess, Harriet Cohen, Eileen Joyce, Gina Bachauer, Margaret Kitchin and Dame Moura Lympany. Their successes reveal the extent to which women musicians of the highest status were considered exempt from the prejudices to which others were subjected. It is hoped that such a study will illuminate aspects of musical life unique to London in the 1950s, partially fill the void in the historiography of women pianists in Britain after Davies, and also alert those women who perform, as well as all who listen and assess women performers, to the complex and often covert issues ‘beyond the notes’

PERSEPSI PENGUNJUNG TERHADAP LAYANAN PETUGAS DUNIA FANTASI – TAMAN IMPIAN JAYA ANCOL

Jakarta sebagai kota metropolitan dengan jumlah penduduk yang hampir mencapai 13 juta jiwa tidak terlepas dari tuntutan penyediaan kawasan rekreasi yang memadai bagi penduduknya. Kebutuhan masyarakat akan rekreasi sudah tidak dapat dihindari lagi, sehingga walaupun krisis ekonomi masih melanda Indonesia sejak tahun 1997, tempat-tempat rekreasi yang ada tetap dikunjungi oleh masyarakat. Taman Impian Jaya Ancol (TIJA) yang lebih dikenal dengan nama Ancol adalah salah satu tempat rekreasi yang paling populer di Jakarta. Sebagai dampak dari keadaan unit-unit rekreasinya yang berada dalam tahap maturity, TIJA menghadapi permasalahan yang cukup serius yaitu permasalahan yang berkaitan dengan jumlah pengunjung yang tentunya berpengaruh pada jumlah pendapatannya. Salah satu faktor penting untuk dapat bertahan yaitu melalui kualitas pelayanan yang baik. Dalam penelitian ini, penulis mengumpulkan data primer melalui kuesioner dan wawancara kepada pengunjung. Hasil dari penelitian ini merupakan persepsi dari konsumen terhadap pelayanan petugas Dunia Fantasi Ancol dan saran yang dapat diterapkan untuk meningkatkan kualitas layanan yang kemudian dapat meningkatkan jumlah kunjungan konsumen ke Dunia Fantasi Ancol.     &nbsp

Generation Z Awareness on Food Waste Issues (a Study in Tangerang, Indonesia)

With resources becoming scarcer, waste of food is something to be avoided. Food waste must be minimized by using various ways to avoid waste in terms of food loss and food waste. In Indonesia itself, without realizing it, the issue of leftover food becomes very big. According to the Head of Representative of the United Nations Food Agency (FAO), Mark Smulders, of the approximately 1.3 trillion tons of food that was lost or wasted, Indonesia contributed around 13 million tons of food waste (food loss and food waste). This study will explore Generation Z's level of awareness of leftover food in Indonesia, especially in the Tangerang and surrounding areas. This research is exploratory in nature. The method is used to research something (which attracts attention) that is not yet known, not understood, or not well recognized. The date is collected using questionnaire that were distributed to respondents, namely Generation Z in Tangerang and its surrounding areas. From the results of data processing and tests carried out in this study, it can be concluded that the current awareness of Generation Z on the issue of leftover food must be raised, because the issue of leftover food itself is one of the issues of environmental preservation. The level of awareness of the issue of leftover food from Generation Z as the next generation must be increased, because only less than half of respondents are aware of this issue of leftovers

FOOD SOUVENIRS FROM BALI – WHAT MATTERS FOR TOURISTS FROM JAKARTA?

Bali is one of the popular destinations in Indonesia. It is not only popular for the international tourists, but also for domestic tourist. One large segment of Bali domestic tourist is from Jakarta. This segment like to buy food souvenir from Bali, even though the food do not presenting Balinese local food. The purpose of this research is to determine the degree of influence from brand image, brand awareness and dimension of food souvenirs from Bali towards buying decisions of Tourist from Jakarta when they are in Bali. Usually, product with good brand image and good brand awareness could attract people to buy the products.This research uses descriptive quantitative approach, where the data is collected through questionnaire and observations. To analyze the data, multiple linear regression analysis using SPSS program was applied. The result will determine if the brand awareness and brand image of food souvenirs really influence buying decision of tourist from Jakarta or not. The benefit of this research is expected that it will be a beneficial insight for the tourism industry in Bali in making a strategy for increasing tourist expenditure, from the food souvenirs sector

PENGARUH LINGKUNGAN FISIK TERHADAP LOYALITAS PELANGGAN PADA HOTEL BERBINTANG LIMA JAKARTA

Usaha jasa perhotelan adalah bagian dari industri jasa yang sangat mengandalkan layanan yang superior. Usaha ini juga menghadapi kompetisi yang cukup ketat sehingga. penting bagi usaha jasa perhotelan untuk mengetahui strategi yang paling tepat untuk mendapatkan pelanggan yang loyal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi pengaruh dari kualitas layanan dan kualitas relasional yang dipengaruhi oleh aspek lingkungan fisik, terhadap loyalitas pelanggan, khususnya dalam industri perhotelan. Teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah non probability sampling dengan menjadikan tamu hotel sebagai responden. 350 kuesioner dibagikan kepada para tamu hotel berbintang lima di Jakarta. Data dianalisa dengan menggunakan LISREL 8.8. Temuan dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa variabel lingkungan fisik, kualitas layanan dan kualitas relasional memiliki hubungan yang bervariasi dengan loyalitas pelanggan pada hotel berbintang lima. Kualitas pelayanan tidak memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap loyalitas pelanggan

El pasado entrometido. La memoria histórica como campo de batalla

Aproximarse a la obra publicada por Iván Garzón Vallejo El pasado entrometido. La memoria histórica como campo de batalla implica abordar tres grandes categorías que han sido de interés dentro de los estudios políticos y jurídicos, especialmente en un contexto como el colombiano: las emociones políticas, la memoria histórica y la construcción de la verdad; de este modo, su lectura resulta imperativa para quienes, a propósito de la reciente socialización del informe de la Comisión de La Verdad, tratamos de entender los malestares que ha generado en diferentes actores de la política nacional este documento que, pese a sus críticas, se constituye en un hito en perspectiva del conflicto que hemos experimentado