(Re)generating human beta cells : status, pitfalls, and perspectives

Diabetes mellitus results from disturbed glucose homeostasis due to an absolute (type 1) or relative (type 2) deficiency of insulin, a peptide hormone almost exclusively produced by the beta cells of the endocrine pancreas in a tightly regulated manner. Current therapy only delays disease progression through insulin injection and/or oral medications that increase insulin secretion or sensitivity, decrease hepatic glucose production, or promote glucosuria. These drugs have turned diabetes into a chronic disease as they do not solve the underlying beta cell defects or entirely prevent the long-term complications of hyperglycemia. Beta cell replacement through islet transplantation is a more physiological therapeutic alternative but is severely hampered by donor shortage and immune rejection. A curative strategy should combine newer approaches to immunomodulation with beta cell replacement. Success of this approach depends on the development of practical methods for generating beta cells, either in vitro or in situ through beta cell replication or beta cell differentiation. This review provides an overview of human beta cell generation

Pengaruh Brand Trust dan Brand Equity terhadap Loyalitas Konsumen pada Produk Kosmetik Wardah (Survey Konsumen pada PT. Paragon Technology And Innovation Cabang Pekanbaru)

The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of brand trust ( X1 ) and brand equity ( X2 ) customer loyalty ( Y ) in cosmetic products Wardah ( consumer survey on PT . Paragon technology and innovation branches pekanbaru ) . The method in this research is quantitatively using SPSS 21 program , where samples were used that consumers using cosmetic products Wardah by respondents as many as 100 people sampling technique is accidental sampling using the formula slovin . The results showed that the test results simultaneously obtained from the F count was 34.888 while the value of F table 3.090 . This means that F count> F table and significant value 0,000 < alpha of 0.05 . This means that brand trust and brand equity simultaneously significant effect on consumer loyalty to cosmetic products Wardah

Comparison of physical and biogeochemical parameters of the tidal inlets Otzumer Balje (Langeoog and Spiekeroog) and Harle (Spiekeroog and Wangerooge), Wadden Sea, Southern North Sea

The data-set was obtained in the German North Sea with RB Otzum (ICBM) between the East Frisian Islands Spiekeroog and Langeoog on March 3rd 2020 and between the islands Wangerooge and Spiekeroog on March 4th 2020. Conductivity, temperature, pressure and oxygen concentration were measured with a Seabird CTD (type 19plusV2). Oxygen saturation, temperature, salinity, turbidity and concentrations of Chlorophyll a and CDOM at the surface were measured by a Ferry Box (type 4H Jena Engineering). Sediment samples were taken with a Van-Veen-Grapple and phytoplankton samples were trawled with a plankton net. The weather data were obtained from the Time Series Station Spiekeroog (ICBM). On both days sampling took place for half a tidal cycle from ebb current peak until the maximum of the flood current. Transects contained three stationary CTD profiles at the boundaries and at the center of appropriate inlet. To investigate the impact of the groin located at the Harle inlet, two transects were sampled in the northern area of the groin and four transects south of the groin. The CTD was veered with a speed of around 0.1 m/s while the boat was drifting with the current. The downcast profiles were binned to regular 0.25 m intervals. The timestamps of all data sets are given in UTC

Sources of beta cells inside the pancreas

The generation of beta(-like) cells to compensate for their absolute or relative shortage in type 1 and type 2 diabetes is an obvious therapeutic strategy. Patients first received grafts of donor islet cells over 25 years ago, but this procedure has not become routine in clinical practice because of a donor cell shortage and (auto) immune problems. Transplantation of differentiated embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells may overcome some but not all the current limitations. Reprogramming exocrine cells towards functional beta(-like) cells would offer an alternative abundant and autologous source of beta(-like) cells. This review focuses on work by our research group towards achieving such a source of cells. It summarises a presentation given at the 'Can we make a better beta cell?' symposium at the 2015 annual meeting of the EASD. It is accompanied by two other reviews on topics from this symposium (by Amin Ardestani and Kathrin Maedler, DOI: 10.1007/s0012-5016-3892-9, and by Heiko Lickert and colleagues, DOI: 10.1007/s00125-016-3949-9) and a commentary by the Session Chair, Shanta Persaud (DOI: 10.1007/s00125-016-3870-2)

Retraction Note: Transient cytokine treatment induces acinar cell reprogramming and regenerates functional beta cell mass in diabetic mice

This article has been retracted; see accompanying Retraction Note, which can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper