Química e Tecnologia em Sala de Aula: Utilizando o Modelo Webquest para Abordar a Temática Camada de Ozônio

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Nanotecnologia e Química Ambiental: Uma Abordagem para o Ensino Médio

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Lifelong exposure to a low-dose of the glyphosate-based herbicide RoundUp® causes intestinal damage, gut dysbiosis, and behavioral changes in mice

RoundUp® (RUp) is a comercial formulation containing glyphosate (N-(phosphono-methyl) glycine), and is the world’s leading wide-spectrum herbicide used in agriculture. Supporters of the broad use of glyphosate-based herbicides (GBH) claim they are innocuous to humans, since the active compound acts on the inhibition of enzymes which are absent in human cells. However, the neurotoxic effects of GBH have already been shown in many animal models. Further, these formulations were shown to disrupt the microbiome of different species. Here, we investigated the effects of a lifelong exposure to low doses of the GBH-RUp on the gut environment, including morphological and microbiome changes. We also aimed to determine whether exposure to GBH-RUp could harm the developing brain and lead to behavioral changes in adult mice. To this end, animals were exposed to GBH-RUp in drinking water from pregnancy to adulthood. GBH-RUp-exposed mice had no changes in cognitive function, but developed impaired social behavior and increased repetitive behavior. GBH-Rup-exposed mice also showed an activation of phagocytic cells (Iba-1–positive) in the cortical brain tissue. GBH-RUp exposure caused increased mucus production and the infiltration of plama cells (CD138-positive), with a reduction in phagocytic cells. Long-term exposure to GBH-RUp also induced changes in intestinal integrity, as demonstrated by the altered expression of tight junction effector proteins (ZO-1 and ZO-2) and a change in the distribution of syndecan-1 proteoglycan. The herbicide also led to changes in the gut microbiome composition, which is also crucial for the establishment of the intestinal barrier. Altogether, our findings suggest that long-term GBH-RUp exposure leads to morphological and functional changes in the gut, which correlate with behavioral changes that are similar to those observed in patients with neurodevelopmental disorders

INTERPRETAÇÃO DO ELETROCARDIOGRAMA REVISÃO DE LITERATURA

The first human electrocardiogram was recorded in 1887 and the electrocardiograph was invented in 1902. This is a tool for evaluating heart disease because it shows how electricity from the heart flows across the surface of the body. It's safe and cheap. Medical students and doctors have difficulty understanding electrocardiograms, so new software and digital technologies help. These digital tools improve knowledge, understanding and learning in medical education. The objective of this systematic literature review is to evaluate the teaching of electrocardiogram interpretation in the medical field and determine which method is most suitable for teaching: traditional, with face-to-face classes, digital, using digital platforms or a combination of both. After the exclusion criteria, twelve scientific works were evaluated that address the period of medical education in the interpretation of electrocardiograms, using the terms electrocardiogram, teaching or learning, computer or web-based software and their content in English. After the review, it can be concluded that the use of digital platforms has improved the interpretation of electrocardiograms due to availability at more flexible times and locations, as well as repetition as necessary. But students don't like this approach because there are no set schedules, students need discipline and there is no group interactivity. This shows that this type of teaching should be used as a complement to traditional teaching.O primeiro eletrocardiograma humano foi registrado em 1887 e o eletrocardiógrafo foi invetado em 1902. Este é um elemento para avaliar doenças cardíacas porque mostra como as eletricidade do coração fluem pela superfície do corpo. É seguro e barato. Estudantes de medicina e médicos têm dificuldade em entender os eletrocardiogramas, então novos softwares e tecnologias digitais ajudam. Essas ferramentas digitais melhoram o conhecimento, a compreensão e o aprendizado na educação médica. O objetivo desta revisão sistemática de literatura é avaliar o ensino de interpretação de eletrocardiogramas na área médica e determinar qual método é mais adequado para ensinar: tradicional, com aulas presenciais, digitais, usando plataformas digitais ou a combinação de ambas. Após os critérios de exclusão, foram avaliados doze trabalhos científicos que abordam o tempo de educação médica na interpretação de eletrocardiogramas, utilizando os termos eletrocardiograma, ensino ou aprendizagem, software computador ou baseado em web e seus conteúdos em inglês. Após a revisão, pode-se concluir que o uso de plataformas digitais melhorou a interpretação de eletrocardiogramas devido à disponibilidade em horários e locais mais flexíveis, bem como à repetição conforme necessário. Mas os alunos não gostam dessa abordagem porque não há horários definidos, os alunos precisam de disciplina e não há interatividade em grupo. Isso mostra que esse tipo de ensino deve ser usado como um complemento ao ensino tradicional

Galectina-3: alvo terapêutico nas desordens mesentéricas e hepáticas no lúpus induzido pelo pristane

Em reações inflamatórias, galectina-3 (Gal-3) atua favorecendo polarização de macrófagos em sua forma alternativa, induzindo ativação de fibroblastos e inibindo a diferenciação de linfócitos em plasmócitos. Em animais deficientes de Gal-3 (Lgals3-/-) há retardo na ativação/diferenciação de monócitos em macrófagos e intensa diferenciação de plasmócitos produtores de imunoglobulinas, o que sugere que disfunção de Gal-3 possa contribuir para o surgimento de doenças autoimunes. O pristane é um hidrocarboneto associado à elevação na incidência de doenças inflamatórias com perfis autoimunes, como artrite reumatoide (AR) e lúpus eritematoso sistêmico (LES). Além disso, sabe-se que o mesentério é um dos primeiros locais de ação do pristane. Porém o fígado também responde ao estimula com este óleo. Neste estudo, objetivamos investigar o papel da Gal-3 no perfil da resposta inflamatória crônica em mesentério e fígado no modelo de autoimunidade induzido pelo pristane. Para tal, camundongos Balb/c foram estimulados com injeção intraperitoneal de pristane. Após seis meses a partir da injeção, os animais apresentaram sintomas semelhantes a lúpus eritematoso sistêmico (LES). Neste contexto, observamos que no mesentério, a ausência de Gal-3 promoveu desorganização na região submesotelial e infiltrado inflamatório severo amplo e difuso assim como polarização de macrófagos para o fenótipo M1. O contrário foi observado em animais Lgals3+/+, os quais apresentaram polarização M2, indicando menor dano tecidual e maior potencial de reparo tecidual. Nichos de linfócitos B e plasmócitos também foram severamente alterados nos animais Lgals3-/-. A ausência de Gal-3 ainda regulou o número de células expressando as moléculas ligantes de notch DLL1+ e DLL4+ , as quais regulam polarização de macrófagos e diferenciação de plasmócitos. No fígado, a ausência de Gal-3 favoreceu o desenvolvimento de hepatite caracterizada por intenso infiltrado inflamatório portal com nítidos danos hepáticos associados ao LES. Por fim, verificamos que o uso de Gal-3 recombinante aumentou o tempo de vida de camundongos propensos a LES, evidenciando o potencial protetor que esta proteína parece exercer na manutenção da arquitetura histológica fundamental para o processo de resolução de injúrias teciduais. Nossos dados sugerem que Gal-3 tenha potencial terapêutico no tratamento de desordens autoimunes como LESCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de JaneiroConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnológicoIn inflammatory reactions galectin-3 (GAL-3) acts favoring macrophage polarization in the alternative form, inducing fibroblast activation and inhibiting lymphocytes differentiation into plasma cells. In deficient animals for Gal-3 (Lgasl3-/-) there's a delay in activation/differentiation of monocytes into macrophages and intense differentiation of immunoglobulin secretor plasma cells, which suggest that Gal-3 dysfunction can contribute to arise of autoimmune diseases. Pristane is a hydrocarbon associated with elevation in the incidence of inflammatory diseases with autoimmune profiles like rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Besides that, mesentery is known as the first places of pristane interactions. However, liver can responds to this stimuli too. On this study we aim to investigate the role of Gal-3 in the profile of chronic inflammatory response in the mesentery and liver with the autoimmunity model induced by pristane. For that, Balb/c mice were stimulated with intraperitoneal injection of pristane. Six months after injection, mice exhibits lupus-like symptoms. In this context we observe that, in mesentery, absence of galectin-3 promotes submesotelial disorganization and severe and diffuse inflammatory infiltrate as well as macrophage polarization to M1 fenotype. The opposite was observed in Lgals3+/+ animals, which presented M2 polarization, indicating less tissue damage and greater potential for tissue repair. Plasma cell and B cell niches was severe alterete in Lgals3-/- animals. Absence of galectin-3 still regulate the number of cells which express NOTCH ligand molecules DLL4 and DLL1, which regulate plasma cell differentiation and macrophage polarization. On the liver absence of Gal-3 favors the development of hepatites characterized by intense inflammatory infiltrate in portal zone with clear damage to hepatocytes similar with SLE. For the last, we verified that the use of recombinant Galectin-3 increase the lifetime of mice prone to SLE evidencing the protective potential which that protein seems to exercise in the manutention of histologic architecture, fundamental for tissue injury resolution. Our data suggest that Gal-3 have therapeutic potential for treatment of autoimmune disorders like SLE75 f

Materiotecas, Sustentabilidade e Usabilidade – explorando suas inter-relações

Bearing in mind the importance of material libraries for Design, Architecture and Engineering projects, this article explores aims to explore characteristics and configurations so that they can be a resource for efficient performance, starting from the academic context. Here, we delved deeper into related sustainability concepts and, particularly, we addressed usability aspects. The development relied on the investigation and experimentation of existing material libraries and their evaluation taking Jakob Nielsen´s usability heuristics as a reference, also supported by bibliographic research and interviews. This experience allowed identifying characteristics, requirements and strategies for the composition of a material library that is robust, sustainable in its context and contents, with the constitution of a network of actors, important to achieve this objective

ATLANTIC ANTS: a data set of ants in Atlantic Forests of South America

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