Immunity Traits in Pigs: Substantial Genetic Variation and Limited Covariation

BACKGROUND: Increasing robustness via improvement of resistance to pathogens is a major selection objective in livestock breeding. As resistance traits are difficult or impossible to measure directly, potential indirect criteria are measures of immune traits (ITs). Our underlying hypothesis is that levels of ITs with no focus on specific pathogens define an individual's immunocompetence and thus predict response to pathogens in general. Since variation in ITs depends on genetic, environmental and probably epigenetic factors, our aim was to estimate the relative importance of genetics. In this report, we present a large genetic survey of innate and adaptive ITs in pig families bred in the same environment. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Fifty four ITs were studied on 443 Large White pigs vaccinated against Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and analyzed by combining a principal component analysis (PCA) and genetic parameter estimation. ITs include specific and non specific antibodies, seric inflammatory proteins, cell subsets by hemogram and flow cytometry, ex vivo production of cytokines (IFNα, TNFα, IL6, IL8, IL12, IFNγ, IL2, IL4, IL10), phagocytosis and lymphocyte proliferation. While six ITs had heritabilities that were weak or not significantly different from zero, 18 and 30 ITs had moderate (0.1<h2≤0.4) or high (h2>0.4) heritability values, respectively. Phenotypic and genetic correlations between ITs were weak except for a few traits that mostly include cell subsets. PCA revealed no cluster of innate or adaptive ITs. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Our results demonstrate that variation in many innate and adaptive ITs is genetically controlled in swine, as already reported for a smaller number of traits by other laboratories. A limited redundancy of the traits was also observed confirming the high degree of complementarity between innate and adaptive ITs. Our data provide a genetic framework for choosing ITs to be included as selection criteria in multitrait selection programmes that aim to improve both production and health traits

Le parasitisme interne et les antiparasitaires en élevage caprin normand (conseils du pharmacien)

Les caprins montrent une forte susceptibilité au parasitisme qui représente la principale préoccupation pour la conduite des chèvres au pâturage.L infestation parasitaire peut être à l origine d une altération rapide de l état général des animaux, d une perte de production et par conséquent engendrer des pertes financières importantes pour l éleveur. La lutte contre les parasitoses s appuie principalement sur l utilisation d anthelminthiques mais la faible proportion de molécules ayant l AMM caprin et qui ne nécessitent pas de délai d attente pour la consommation du lait a favorisé l émergence de résistances compromettant ainsi leur efficacité. La mise en place de protocoles de vermifugation adaptés, liés à des mesures préventives visant à réduire la contamination du milieu extérieur telle la bonne gestion du pâturage, est donc nécessaire. Peu de données existent sur le parasitisme des caprins en Normandie. Cette étude s est intéressée particulièrement aux éleveurs de chèvres dans notre région. Des analyses coprologiques ont été réalisées de façon consultative au sein de quatre élevages pour estimer le risque parasitaire. Les résultats observés sont proches de ceux des principales régions d élevage caprin : on constate d une part une infestation majoritaire par des strongles gastro-intestinaux et pulmonaires ainsi que par des coccidies, d autre part on note la présence particulièrement élevée de trématodes (paramphistomes), témoins de l humidité des pâtures. L impact du mode d élevage a été réaffirmé : l absence de strongles digestifs et pulmonaires dans les prélèvements zéro-pâturage confirme l attachement de ces parasites au pâturage.CAEN-BU Médecine pharmacie (141182102) / SudocSudocFranceF

New Approach to Oxidized Nuevamine and Lennoxamine Alkaloids Derivatives via the Tandem Amidoalkylation of N-Acyliminium ion/Friedel-Crafts Cyclization

International audienc

Use of the N-Acyliminium ion and Friedel-Crafts Combination Strategy to Access Easily the Isoindolo-isoquinoline Alkaloid Core

International audienc

Planned failures from the principle of maximum site occupancy in lanthanide helicates

Despite the recent emergence of a toolbox fitted with microscopic thermodynamic descriptors for predicting the stabilities and speciations of polynuclear complexes in solution, the discovery of novel or unusual type of metal-ligand assemblies in metallosupramolecular chemistry still often relies on serendipity. In order to highlight the novel perspectives offered by a rational exploitation of these thermodynamic parameters, the segmental bis-tridentate ligands L7 and L8 have been designed for providing effective molarities upon reaction with trivalent lanthanides, Ln(III), so small that the saturated binuclear triple-stranded helicates [Ln(2)(Lk)(3)](6+), which obey the well-respected principle of maximum site occupancy, cannot be detected in solution because of their deliberately planned instabilities. The hierarchical evolution of the effective molarities with an increasing number of ligand strands in these complexes indeed favors the formation of the alternative unsaturated single-stranded [Ln(2)(Lk)](6+) and double-stranded [Ln(2)(Lk)(2)](6+) complexes, whose relative speciations in solution depend on the nature of the binding sites introduced into the segmental ligand

Transplant-ineligible but chimeric antigen receptor T-cells eligible: a real and relevant population

International audienceAutologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells are two therapeutic options for relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Both are intensive and potentially curative therapies but differ in their efficacy and toxicity. ASCT may be offered to 'fit' patients (i.e. usually young with limited comorbidities) with chemosensitive disease. On the other hand, real world studies have shown that CAR T-cells may be safely administered to less fit and older patients. Thus, there is a potentially significant population of patients who may be offered CAR T-cell therapy despite not being eligible for ASCT. As the relative role of ASCT and CAR T-cells evolves, recognising and defining this population may be increasingly relevant. Here, we review criteria which may help identify this 'ASCT-ineligible but CAR T-cells eligible' population of patients

Lanthanide template synthesis of a molecular trefoil knot

Molecular knots1 and entanglements are featured in cyclic DNA2 and some proteins3 and are thought to play an important role in the chemical and physical properties of both natural and synthetic polymers.4 Sauvage and co-workers prepared the first synthetic molecular trefoil knot by connecting the end-groups of a linear two-metal-ion double helicate.5 However, the earliest published idea for a template synthesis of a trefoil knot is Sokolov’s proposal6 for assembling three ligands around a metal center to generate the three crossings necessary7 in the cyclized product. Several groups have attempted to prepare trefoil knots using this strategy thus far without achieving the ultimate goal,8 although Hunter has succeeded in synthesizing a trefoil knot by folding a single ligand strand around a transition metal ion,9 and Siegel has made a ‘trefoil knotted cyclophane’ 10 using a related triskelion approach featuring a covalently bonded scaffold.1

CCDC 1026538: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures