L’intervention en soutien à l’empowerment : Du discours à la réalité. La question occultée du pouvoir entre acteurs au sein des pratiques d’aide

L’empowerment se situe au coeur du discours dans de nombreux domaines de la vie sociale. Le modèle suscite l’engouement, voire domine. Toutefois, son application tous azimuts questionne. Après un survol du concept, l’article porte sur les stratégies généralement prescrites en soutien à l’empowerment individuel ou collectif et les paradoxes rencontrés quand il s’agit de promouvoir la prise de décision autonome des personnes. L’examen critique des écrits révèle l’importance d’étudier les rapports de pouvoir entre intervenants et clients et leurs effets sur la prise de pouvoir des clients sur l’intervention : une condition au renouvellement démocratique des pratiques d’empowerment.Empowerment has gained a central place in the discourses of many spheres of social life. However, its loose and widespread application is indeed questionable. After reviewing the concept, the following article examines the strategies generally prescribed for supporting the empowerment of the individuals or groups and the paradox often encountered by practitioners when promoting their clients’ autonomous decisions. A critical examination of the literature affirms the importance of studying power relationships between clients and practitioners and their consequences on client’s capacity to assume power within an intervention. The article proposes a new perspective for renewing the democratic approach to empowerment

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Conditions et conséquences des pratiques d'empowerment : une études interdisciplinaire et intersystémique des rapports de pouvoir professionnels <-> clients

Thèse numérisée par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal

Revue d'histoire du Bas-Saint-Laurent, vol. 9 (1)

Mot de présentation: La Revue d'histoire du Bas-Saint-Laurent a dix ans -- La maison Lamontagne -- Faits vécus dans la Vallée de la Matapédia (suite) -- L'histoire du Bas-Saint-Laurent, un projet de synthèse -- Le Progrès du Golfe et la réalité internationale, 1904-194

La médiation partenariale en contexte intersectoriel : intervention sociale en émergence, codéveloppement professionnel et recherche

En Amérique du Nord comme en Europe, les enfants, les jeunes et les familles sont au cœur des priorités gouvernementales. Au Québec, la mise en place de coordonnatrices et de coordonnateurs d’Équipes d’Intervention Jeunesse (ÉIJ) contribue à l’émergence d’une nouvelle pratique sociale : la médiation partenariale intersectorielle. Dotés d’un mandat régional, ces coordonnateurs soutiennent les établissements de divers secteurs d’activités tels que la santé, les services sociaux ou l’éducation, pour résoudre diverses impasses cliniques, administratives ou partenariales qui entravent la coordination et la mise en œuvre des services auprès des jeunes et des familles vivant des problèmes multiples. Cet article traite d’une expérience québécoise de codéveloppement professionnel menée avec un groupe de coordonnateurs d’équipes d’intervention jeunesse. L’analyse d’un cas concret de partenariat relatif à une problématique familiale spécifique permet, à titre d’exemple, d’illustrer la pratique de médiation de ces professionnels ainsi que leur démarche de formation continue. L’expérience vécue dans ce contexte débouche actuellement sur un projet de recherche mobilisateur. Celui-ci a pour objectif de modéliser cette nouvelle pratique de médiation dans le champ de l’intervention sociale auprès des jeunes vivant des problèmes multiples.Mediation in context of intersector-based partnership : new social practice, professionnal, codeveloppement and research. In North America, as well as in Europe, the children, the youth and the family are central in government’s priorities. In Quebec, the implementation of youth intervention team’s coordinators contributes to the emergence of a new social practice : intersector-based mediation. Endowed with a regional mandate, the coordinators support organisations from diverse sectors such as health, social services or education so that they partner to resolve diverse issues. Clinical, administrative or collaborative concerns can hinder the coordination and implementation of services to young people and their families. This article relates to a case study of a specific partnership problem that was discussed among a team of Quebec coordinators involved in a professional codevelopment process. It illustrates the approach of an in-service training group that they formed to define and develop their new social practice. The experiment lived in this context opens the way for a research project that will model this new practice of intersector-based mediation in the field of intervention with teenagers and childrens living multiple problems.La mediación asociativa en el contexto intersectorial : surgimiento de la intervención social, desarrollo profesional conjunto e investigación. Tanto en Norteamérica como en Europa, los niños, los jóvenes y las familias se encuentran  en el seno de las prioridades gubernamentales. En Quebec, la asignación de coordinadores y coordinadoras de Equipos de Intervención para la Juventud contribuye al surgimiento de una nueva práctica social: la mediación asociativa intersectorial. Estos coordinadores cuentan con un mandato regional, y ayudan en diversos sectores de actividad, tales como la salud, los servicios sociales o la educación, a resolver diversos problemas clínicos, administrativos o asociativos que obstaculizan la coordinación y la implementación de los servicios para jóvenes y familias con problemáticas múltiples. Este artículo describe una experiencia quebequense de desarrollo profesional conjunto llevado a cabo con un grupo de coordinadores de quipos de intervención para la juventud. El análisis de un caso concreto de asociación relativo a una problemática familiar específica permite, a modo de ejemplo, ilustrar la práctica de la mediación de estos profesionales así como su proceso de formación continua. La experiencia vivida en este contexto se ha plasmado en un proyecto de investigación movilizador que tiene como objetivo usar esta nueva práctica de mediación como modelo en el ámbito de la intervención social para jóvenes con múltiples problemáticas

Knowledge acquisition and research evidence in autism:researcher and practitioner perspectives and engagement

Background: Government policy and national practice guidelines have created an increasing need for autism services to adopt an evidence-based practice approach. However, a gap continues to exist between research evidence and its application. This study investigated the difference between autism researchers and practitioners in their methods of acquiring knowledge. Methods: In a questionnaire study, 261 practitioners and 422 researchers reported on the methods they use and perceive to be beneficial for increasing research access and knowledge. They also reported on their level of engagement with members of the other professional community. Results: Researchers and practitioners reported different methods used to access information. Each group, however, had similar overall priorities regarding access to research information. While researchers endorsed the use of academic journals significantly more often than practitioners, both groups included academic journals in their top three choices. The groups differed in the levels of engagement they reported; researchers indicated they were more engaged with practitioners than vice versa. Conclusions: Comparison of researcher and practitioner preferences led to several recommendations to improve knowledge sharing and translation, including enhancing access to original research publications, facilitating informal networking opportunities and the development of proposals for the inclusion of practitioners throughout the research process

Use of information and communication technologies to support effective work practice innovation in the health sector: a multi-site study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Widespread adoption of information and communication technologies (ICT) is a key strategy to meet the challenges facing health systems internationally of increasing demands, rising costs, limited resources and workforce shortages. Despite the rapid increase in ICT investment, uptake and acceptance has been slow and the benefits fewer than expected. Absent from the research literature has been a multi-site investigation of how ICT can support and drive innovative work practice. This Australian-based project will assess the factors that allow health service organisations to harness ICT, and the extent to which such systems drive the creation of new sustainable models of service delivery which increase capacity and provide rapid, safe, effective, affordable and sustainable health care.</p> <p>Design</p> <p>A multi-method approach will measure current ICT impact on workforce practices and develop and test new models of ICT use which support innovations in work practice. The research will focus on three large-scale commercial ICT systems being adopted in Australia and other countries: computerised ordering systems, ambulatory electronic medical record systems, and emergency medicine information systems. We will measure and analyse each system's role in supporting five key attributes of work practice innovation: changes in professionals' roles and responsibilities; integration of best practice into routine care; safe care practices; team-based care delivery; and active involvement of consumers in care.</p> <p>Discussion</p> <p>A socio-technical approach to the use of ICT will be adopted to examine and interpret the workforce and organisational complexities of the health sector. The project will also focus on ICT as a potentially <it>disruptive innovation </it>that challenges the way in which health care is delivered and consequently leads some health professionals to view it as a threat to traditional roles and responsibilities and a risk to existing models of care delivery. Such views have stifled debate as well as wider explorations of ICT's potential benefits, yet firm evidence of the effects of role changes on health service outcomes is limited. This project will provide important evidence about the role of ICT in supporting new models of care delivery across multiple healthcare organizations and about the ways in which innovative work practice change is diffused.</p

Sensory Communication

Contains table of contents for Section 2, an introduction and reports on twelve research projects.National Institutes of Health Grant 5 R01 DC00117National Institutes of Health Contract 2 P01 DC00361National Institutes of Health Grant 5 R01 DC00126National Institutes of Health Grant R01-DC00270U.S. Air Force - Office of Scientific Research Contract AFOSR-90-0200National Institutes of Health Grant R29-DC00625U.S. Navy - Office of Naval Research Grant N00014-88-K-0604U.S. Navy - Office of Naval Research Grant N00014-91-J-1454U.S. Navy - Office of Naval Research Grant N00014-92-J-1814U.S. Navy - Naval Training Systems Center Contract N61339-93-M-1213U.S. Navy - Naval Training Systems Center Contract N61339-93-C-0055U.S. Navy - Naval Training Systems Center Contract N61339-93-C-0083U.S. Navy - Office of Naval Research Grant N00014-92-J-4005U.S. Navy - Office of Naval Research Grant N00014-93-1-119

Sensory Communication

Contains table of contents for Section 2 and reports on five research projects.National Institutes of Health Contract 2 R01 DC00117National Institutes of Health Contract 1 R01 DC02032National Institutes of Health Contract 2 P01 DC00361National Institutes of Health Contract N01 DC22402National Institutes of Health Grant R01-DC001001National Institutes of Health Grant R01-DC00270National Institutes of Health Grant 5 R01 DC00126National Institutes of Health Grant R29-DC00625U.S. Navy - Office of Naval Research Grant N00014-88-K-0604U.S. Navy - Office of Naval Research Grant N00014-91-J-1454U.S. Navy - Office of Naval Research Grant N00014-92-J-1814U.S. Navy - Naval Air Warfare Center Training Systems Division Contract N61339-94-C-0087U.S. Navy - Naval Air Warfare Center Training System Division Contract N61339-93-C-0055U.S. Navy - Office of Naval Research Grant N00014-93-1-1198National Aeronautics and Space Administration/Ames Research Center Grant NCC 2-77

Sensory Communication

Contains table of contents for Section 2, an introduction and reports on fifteen research projects.National Institutes of Health Grant RO1 DC00117National Institutes of Health Grant RO1 DC02032National Institutes of Health Contract P01-DC00361National Institutes of Health Contract N01-DC22402National Institutes of Health/National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders Grant 2 R01 DC00126National Institutes of Health Grant 2 R01 DC00270National Institutes of Health Contract N01 DC-5-2107National Institutes of Health Grant 2 R01 DC00100U.S. Navy - Office of Naval Research/Naval Air Warfare Center Contract N61339-94-C-0087U.S. Navy - Office of Naval Research/Naval Air Warfare Center Contract N61339-95-K-0014U.S. Navy - Office of Naval Research/Naval Air Warfare Center Grant N00014-93-1-1399U.S. Navy - Office of Naval Research/Naval Air Warfare Center Grant N00014-94-1-1079U.S. Navy - Office of Naval Research Subcontract 40167U.S. Navy - Office of Naval Research Grant N00014-92-J-1814National Institutes of Health Grant R01-NS33778U.S. Navy - Office of Naval Research Grant N00014-88-K-0604National Aeronautics and Space Administration Grant NCC 2-771U.S. Air Force - Office of Scientific Research Grant F49620-94-1-0236U.S. Air Force - Office of Scientific Research Agreement with Brandeis Universit