The Development of Energy Efficiency Estimation System (EEES) for Sustainable Development: A Proposed Study

AbstractIn the modern era of globalization, energy is regarded as something precious. Thus, energy efficiency (EE) and cost effectiveness are key factors in maintaining economic growth. EE also educates consumers on ways to use energy efficiently and therefore, reduces energy consumption. In Malaysia, domestic sector is the third largest contributor to energy usage. The purpose of this study is to review EE practices and applications in residential buildings in order to raise awareness on smart energy consumption. In the preliminary stage of this study, consumers estimate their monthly energy consumption of their electrical appliances by using Quality Function Deployment (QFD) approach. QFD approach focuses on consumers’ opinion of electrical appliances good and beneficial functions. Selection of residence was made between medium and affordable cost residential areas in Johor. Databases for energy relating to electrical appliances were developed based on the data obtained from the relevant ministry and agencies such as KeTTHA, Energy Commission and TNB. Energy Efficiency Estimation System (EEES) is being developed to help consumers estimate the amount of energy being used daily, which will help consumers to use energy more efficiently. EE indirectly helps reduce the effect on environment especially the greenhouse gases. The promotion of EE and independence from the non-renewable energy source is important in ensuring a sustainable development

Speed limiter integrated fatigue analyzer (SLIFA): engineering design and concept

Main issue in urban transportation system is traffic accident which caused by several factors where there are two factors that has a significant contribution in accident are overspeed and fatigue. Therefore, main objective of this research is to develop Speed Limiter Integrated Analyzer (SLIFA). This device will be controlling the speed by cutting off the fuel supply to the engine when driver's fatigue or speed are beyond limitation. This research was consists of four steps which are Step 1 is study literature on types of vehicle. Step 2, detail engineering design that is focused in this research. Step 3 is describing the target of SLIFA installation. Step 4 is fabricating and testing of SLIFA on truck and bus in range of July 2017 to January 2018. The result shows the appropriate voltage for speed at 70 km/h is 10.7 volt for limiting the speed. The traffic accident has succesfully decreased up to 47% after SLIFA installed on truck and bus. It can be concluded that the SLIFA application on transportation especially on truck and bus was very recommended to reduce traffic accident and play an appropriate government regulation

Design of Local Exhaust Ventilation for Spray Booths: Proposed Study

Workers are exposed to contaminant at workplace. Employers in Malaysia shall comply with Factories and Machineries Act 1967 and Occupational Safety and Health 1994 to minimize the exposure that hazardous to workers health. Engineering control such as to provide Local Exhaust Ventilation (LEV) is to control contaminant to the employees. This report is a research proposal to carry out for Local Exhaust Ventilation study at Automobile Assembly Plant in Malaysia focusing in spray paint to look on current design and purpose new design and advanced material to the system. Data collections are based on survey questionnaires, chemical monitoring, LEV inspection, testing and examination. Expected results are comparison from experimental, analytical and finite-element used in automotive industries prediction of advanced material will propose to the systems

Local Exhaust Ventilation and Application: A Review

The industries that are involved in the production of dangerous chemicals requires Local Exhaust Ventilation (LEV) for separating employees to hazards. LEV purpose is to separate contaminants from the source it generated. The objective of this paper is to look at a number of studies related to the LEV and its applications. The discussions are divided to several parts such as application in construction industries, buildings, manufacturing industries, workshops and paint manufacturers. Ongoing monitoring, maintenance and effective personal protective equipment (PPE) are necessary to ensure the spray booths can be managed properly and avoid employee exposure to contaminants. Ventilation design in buildings, equipment selection and use of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is highly suggested in that application. There are no exposures to hazardous materials to the building users in the construction of hospitals and others. Use of push-pull ventilation method is an efficient. The future phase of ventilation system in airplanes and hawker centre will be the consumer's attention

Baseline Inspection and Measurement of Local Exhaust Ventilation (LEV) Systems at Spray Booth in Manufacturing Plant

Examination and testing of local exhaust ventilation systems (LEV) that was conducted could help the management to create base or annual performance measurement in industry operations.The LEV will also be verified compliance with original design data, in order to determine adequate of transport velocities are being maintained. The examination also to determine if additional exhaust hoods can be added to the existing systems and compliance with Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) regulations.This Examination is to obtain the necessary data such as airflow static pressure, speed and total pressure at appropriate points LEV system. The method used is to inspect, analyze and evaluate the performance of local exhaust ventilation systems and related components, evaluate and recommend necessary measures for the restoration or repair of the damage.LEV also need to carry out inspection and tested by a registered professional engineer after construction and installation to demonstrate that the equipment meets the design specifications.Methodology for measurement and testing were based on American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienist (ACGIH). Selections of testing points for fume hood and canopy hood with individual suction fan, face velocities were measured and where applicable and accessible, duct transport velocities and static pressure measurements were carried out. Results from measurement data obtained is 65 fpm face velocity and flow rate 6500 fpm is lower than the value proposed by the ACGIH and show spray booth is not able to bring out the contaminants out of the workplace. The LEV systems has been examined and tested; both spray booth number1 and number 2 was below the ACGIH Standard while measurement and inspections conducted and not comply with local legislation to protect workers safety and health

The Development of control system via Brain Computer Interface (BCI) - Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) for paraplegic subject

Brain is known to be one of the powerful systems in human body because of its ability to give command and communicate throughout the body. The spinal cord is the pathway for impulses from the brain to the body as well as from the body to the brain. However, the bounty of this pathway could be lost due to spinal cord injury (SCI) and that results in a loss of function especially mobility. A combination of Brain Computer Interface (BCI) and Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) is among one of the technique to regain the mobility function of human body which will be the focused area of this research. In this study, Electroencephalography (EEG) system will be used to capture the brain signal which will then drive the FES. A paraplegic subject will be involved in this study. The subject will be required to move the knee joint with involvement few muscle contraction. Overall, in this paper the combination of BCI-FES methods for development of rehabilitation system will be proposed. From this preliminary study, it can be summarized that the combination between BCI and FES potentially would provide a better rehabilitation system for SCI patient in comparison to the conventional FES system

Improvement on Transportation Safety on Bus by Installing A Speed Limiter in Conventional Engine to Reduce Speed Rate

Driving is one of the conditions when the driver should be given special attention to make the motor vehicle in driving way and the driver should be in a good condition. However, the problem is in a certain condition the driver lost their control speed due to their target and minimize the driving time and it led the high potential to accident. Therefore, speed limiter which applied in the bus is urgently needed to reduce the accident and improve their awareness of road safety. Developed speed limiter is completed by fuel cut-off system to prevent the engine and maintain the speed. Limitation of speed be adapted by government regulation. From the results show that the highest and average speed of 136 km/h and 123.5 km/h is observed by bus speed prior to use speed limiter. After speed limiter applied in the bus, the approved maximum speed is 90 km/h. Those data approve that the speed limiter can reduce 83% from the top speed before speed limiter applied

Consumer Awareness in Energy Efficiency for Residential Houses in Peninsular Malaysia

Most energy efficiency (EE) measures implemented (or yet to be implemented) in Malaysia involve technological interventions, but it will rely on consumer behaviour including their awareness in energy consumption. This paper highlight the energy-saving awareness among consumers for residential houses which involves two main components: i) knowledge and ii) practice. The method for this study is using the questionnaires of 408 respondents from four zones in Peninsular Malaysia. Pearson Correlation analysis technique was used to examine the relationship of several variables with electricity saving awareness. The results of the analysis found that the both components, knowledge and practice have a significant relationship with consumer awareness. It shows that both components are very important to ensure the awareness of EE will be implemented by the consumer

Improvement on Transportation Safety on Bus by Installing A Speed Limiter in Conventional Engine to Reduce Speed Rate

Driving is one of the conditions when the driver should be given special attention to make the motor vehicle in driving way and the driver should be in a good condition. However, the problem is in a certain condition the driver lost their control speed due to their target and minimize the driving time and it led the high potential to accident. Therefore, speed limiter which applied in the bus is urgently needed to reduce the accident and improve their awareness of road safety. Developed speed limiter is completed by fuel cut-off system to prevent the engine and maintain the speed. Limitation of speed be adapted by government regulation. From the results show that the highest and average speed of 136 km/h and 123.5 km/h is observed by bus speed prior to use speed limiter. After speed limiter applied in the bus, the approved maximum speed is 90 km/h. Those data approve that the speed limiter can reduce 83% from the top speed before speed limiter applied

Direct growth inhibition assay of total airborne fungi with application of biocide-treated malt extract agar

Indoor air pollution by airborne fungi has risen to become a common issue all over the world and it is hazardous to indoor occupants’ health as it is associated with a series of respiratory-related and skin-related diseases. Selected bioactive compounds from the food industry have been suggested to be effective against individual fungus isolated from indoor environment. However, the techniques used to evaluate these compounds were lengthy and unsuitable against total airborne fungi. Therefore, this paper describes an assay to assess the effectiveness of a bioactive compound to inhibit growth of total airborne fungi.• A combination and modification of previous methods and the NIOSH Manual Analytical Standard Method (NMAM 0800) is proposed. • This method concurrently samples the total airborne fungi and evaluates the ability of bioactive compounds (potassium sorbate in this paper), as a biocide, to treat these indoor airborne fungi. • The current method shortens the time of evaluation from 30 days to only 5 days and employs the counting of colony forming units (CFUs) to ease the measurement of the growth of fungi