The tadpoles of two species of the Bokermannohyla circumdata group (Hylidae, Cophomantini)

We describe the external morphology and oral cavity of the tadpoles of Bokermannohyla caramaschii and B. diamantina respectively from the states of Espírito Santo and Bahia, Brazil. Larvae of both species are distinguished from each other by external characters such as body shape, labial tooth-row formula, number of marginal papillae, coloration and internal oral anatomy features. Some of the character states of the tadpoles of B. caramaschii and B. diamantina that are shared with all other described tadpoles of the Bokermannohyla circumdata group, such as the absence/reduction of small flaps with accessory labial teeth laterally in the oral disc, and the absence/reduction of submarginal papillae, may represent morphological synapomorphies of this species group, or at least of some internal clade. The general pattern of brownish coloration with longitudinal stripes on the caudal muscle is also common to most species of the group. We did not find character states of the oral cavity that are exclusively shared by species of the B. circumdata group, or by other groups of Bokermannohyla.Descrevemos a morfologia externa e cavidade oral dos girinos de B. caramaschii e B. diamantina, respectivamente dos estados do Espírito Santo e Bahia, Brasil. As larvas de ambas as espécies são diferenciadas entre si por caracteres externos, como formato do corpo, fórmula de fileiras de dentículos labiais, número de papilas marginais, coloração e caracteres de anatomia oral interna. Alguns dos estados de caracteres dos girinos de B. caramaschii e B. diamantina, que são compartilhados com outros girinos do grupo de B. circumdata descritos, como ausência/redução das pequenas abas com dentículos acessórios e de papilas submarginais podem representar sinapomorfias morfológicas deste grupo de espécies, ou ao menos, de algum clado interno. O padrão de coloração dos girinos, amarronzado, com listras longitudinais na musculatura da cauda também é bastante comum na maioria das espécies do grupo. Não encontramos caracteres da cavidade oral exclusivamente compartilhados por espécies do grupo de B. circumdata, ou outros grupos de Bokermannohyla.Fil: Pezzuti, Tiago Leite. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; BrasilFil: Teixeira Santos, Marcus Thadeu. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; BrasilFil: Velasquez Martins, Sofia. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; BrasilFil: Fortes Leite, Felipe Sá. Universidade Federal de Viçosa; BrasilFil: Anchietta Garcia, Paulo Christiano. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; BrasilFil: Faivovich, Julián. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales ; Argentin

Descrição do Girino de Aplastodiscus Arildae (Cruz & Peixoto, 1985) (Amphibia, Anura, Hylidae)

The tadpole of Aplastodiscus arildae, from Estação Ecológica de Fechos, Municipality of Nova Lima, State of Minas Gerais, is described and figured. Tadpoles from Parque das Mangabeiras, Municipality of Belo Horizonte, were also examined. Tadpoles were found on the bottom of rocky hillside streams backwaters, edged by riparian vegetation. Tadpoles of A. arildae present labial tooth row formula 2(2)/4(1), oral disc with a median small gap in the anterior labium papillae row, few submarginal papillae without horned teeth, dark red iris and body with marbled olive-brown color in life. These characteristics distinguish A. arildae tadpoles from the tadpoles of A. albofrenatus and A. eugenioi, the already described tadpoles for the A. albofrenatus species group.É descrito e figurado o girino de Aplastodiscus arildae, proveniente da Estação Ecológica de Fechos, Município de Nova Lima, região centro-sul do Estado de Minas Gerais. Girinos coletados no Parque das Mangabeiras, Município de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, foram também examinados. Os girinos foram encontrados sobre o leito de remansos em riachos encachoeirados, permanentes e margeados por vegetação ripária. Apresentam fórmula dentária 2(2)/4(1), disco oral com uma pequena interrupção mediana na fileira de papilas do lábio anterior, poucas papilas submarginais laterais sem dentículos córneos, íris vermelho escuro e corpo com coloração marmoreada pardo-olivácea em vida. Essas características distinguem o girino de A. arildae dos girinos de A. albofrenatus e A. eugenioi, os únicos conhecidos para o grupo de espécies de A. albofrenatus

A grave drum at rocky springs: the vocalization of Bokermannohyla alvarengai (Anura: Hylidae) from the Espinhaço Range, southeastern Brazil, with notes on its natural history

Bang, Davi Lee, Rocha, Pedro C., Leal, Fernando, Leite, Felipe Sá Fortes (2020): A grave drum at rocky springs: the vocalization of Bokermannohyla alvarengai (Anura: Hylidae) from the Espinhaço Range, southeastern Brazil, with notes on its natural history. Zootaxa 4896 (1): 145-150, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4896.1.1

Description of the tadpole of Scinax luizotavioi from the Atlantic rainforest of southeastern Brazil

We describe and figure for the first time the tadpoles of the hylid frog Scinax luizotavioi from stream backwaters and associated puddles of the Atlantic rainforest of southeastern Brazil. External morphology, colour in life and detailed morphometric data are presented. Diagnostic characteristics that help to distinguish S. luizotavioi tadpoles from other species within the S. catharinae group include labial tooth row formula, disposition of oral papillae and colour in life

A new species of the Scinax catharinae group (Anura, Hylidae) from Serra da Canastra, southwestern state of Minas Gerais, Brazil

Lourenço, Ana Carolina Calijorne, Carvalho, André Luiz Gomes De, Baêta, Délio, Pezzuti, Tiago Leite, Leite, Felipe Sá Fortes (2013): A new species of the Scinax catharinae group (Anura, Hylidae) from Serra da Canastra, southwestern state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Zootaxa 3613 (6): 573-588, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.6.

The advertisement call of Bokermannohyla flavopicta Leite, Pezzuti & Garcia, 2012 (Anura: Hylidae) from the mountains of Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brazil

Rocha, Pedro Carvalho, Thompson, Julia Resende, Leite, Felipe Sá Fortes, Garcia, Paulo Christiano De Anchietta (2016): The advertisement call of Bokermannohyla flavopicta Leite, Pezzuti & Garcia, 2012 (Anura: Hylidae) from the mountains of Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brazil. Zootaxa 4061 (3): 277-280, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4061.3.

The tadpoles of the neotropical Scinax catharinae group (Anura, Hylidae): Ecomorphology and descriptions of two new forms

Herein we provide novel data on the external morphological features and natural history of the tadpoles of Scinax canastrensis and Scinax carnevallii, two poorly known tree frog species occurring in southeastern Brazil. Both species share characteristics with all other species of the Scinax catharinae group, including oral discs not emarginated with the posterior margin concave when closed, many submarginal papillae laterally, circular nostrils, and vent tubes reaching the ventral fin margin. Landmark-based geometric morphometrics applied to 16 species of the S. catharinae group indicate that their tadpoles have substantial variation in body shape, yet with some overlap among species. Although the lentic/lotic habitat categorization was not sufficient for explaining the complex patterns of morphospace occupancy by tadpoles of S. catharinae group, some well-established ecomorphological relationships were recovered, such as that for suctorial and pond-type guilds. Moreover, the morphological diversity in shape may also reflect interspecific variation in microhabitat use, other contemporary factors (e.g., other abiotic habitat components and/or biological interactions) and evolutionary relationships

Past vicariance promoting deep genetic divergence in an endemic frog species of the Espinhaço Range in Brazil: The historical biogeography of Bokermannohyla saxicola (Hylidae).

The highland endemic frog Bokermannohyla saxicola occurs within the Espinhaço Range, the most extensive and continuous orogenic belt of the Brazilian territory, located in southeastern Brazil. We used mitochondrial DNA markers to test for spatial structure, to investigate the likely influence of past vicariant events, to evaluate demographic dynamics along the species range, and to understand the role of habitat discontinuities in promoting connectivity and diversity along the range. We found four major monophyletic lineages, each one associated with distinct mountain tops. The divergence time found between the four main clades clearly pre-dated the Pleistocene, except for the most recent separation. We observed no signs of population expansion for most of the sampling sites along the range, and a higher genetic diversity in the most continuous and central highland plateau, compared to smaller marginal regions. The Espinhaço Range harbors four deeply divergent lineages of B. saxicola within areas restricted by barriers for millions of years. These relatively isolated populations were kept apart by discontinuities represented by lowland habitats between mountain tops. Most of the lineage divergences occurred earlier than the Pleistocene, thus they cannot be solely explained by climatic oscillations of this epoch. However, within-lineage divergence times were all dated from the Pleistocene, suggesting an important effect in population dynamics. We also suggest that some marginal populations like those from Serra Negra and Serra de Itacambira can be the result of recent colonization events. Finally, in the southern Espinhaço region, the most continuous central highland area shows greater genetic diversity than the marginal discontinuous areas, where we have also observed a significant correlation between genetic and geographic distances. Bokermannohyla saxicola is a good model to study the biogeography of the Espinhaço Range because its high genetic structure reflects ancient as well as recent geological/climatic events, with important implications for conservation