Developing and Evaluating Clinical Written Assignment in Clinical Teaching for the Senior B.S. Nursing Students: An action research

Introduction: In a four-year undergraduate level , the nursing students have to get prepared in the patients education, designing care plans, applying nursing processes and exercise the clinical decisions, in addition to learning practical skills. Therefore, multiple clinical teaching strategies in nursing must be applied. In this study the sheets for the mentioned fields were designed and used. Methods: In this action research in Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, 64 nursing senior students and related instructors participated. Clinical written assignment included the patient’s health condition sheet, tables showing the used medicines and the precautions, the clinical and paraclinical tests and the results, identifying the patient problems, designing and implementing care plan and writing nursing reports with SOAPIE method. The instructors’ viewpoints were achieved through the group discussions and their notes taken. The perceived competency of the students was obtained through a questionnaire. The qualitative data was analyzed by the content analysis and quantitative using SPSS. Results: Both the students and the instructors agreed with the clinical written assignment. The desired care competency of the students before and after assignment was statistically significant (p<0.05). According to the instructors, intervention was useful for the senior students who have passed the courses needed for completing and using the different parts of these forms. Conclusion: Since a need is always felt in the trends of the nursing clinical teaching, the researchers recommend the clinical written assignment and their application along with other strategies for senior nursing students in clinical teaching

Comparing the quality of life in children with cancer in Tabriz Children Medical and Training Center reported by themselves and their parents, 2013

زمینه و هدف: با توجه به درمان های فعلی، حدود 75 درصد از کودکان مبتلا به سرطان به بقای بدون بیماری دست می-یابند. این درمان های پیچیده و تهاجمی می توانند بر روی کیفیت زندگی کودکان تاثیر بگذارند. پیشرفت های اخیرِ ابزارهای استاندارد کیفیت زندگی ما را قادر به داشتن دید دقیق تری از تاثیرِ بیماری برکیفیت زندگی کودکان می سازد. هدف از این مطالعه، توصیف و مقایسه کیفیت زندگی کودکان مبتلا به سرطان براساس گزارشات کودکان و والدینشان بوده است. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه توصیفی- مقایسه‌ای به روش نمونه گیری در دسترس، تعداد 150 خانواده ی واجد شرایط از بین مراجعه کنندگان مرکز آموزشی درمانی کودکان تبریز انتخاب و وارد مطالعه شدند. کودک و والدینش پرسشنامه های کیفیت زندگی کودکان Kid-KINDL را تکمیل نمودند و جنبه های مختلف کیفیت زندگی در این کودکان مقایسه شد. یافته ها: در بعد روانشناختی، خانوادگی و اجتماعی، کودکان و هر دو والد کیفیت زندگی را بیشتر از حد متوسط بیان نمودند (05/0

A qualitative exploration of facilitators and inhibitors influencing nurses' intention to leave clinical nursing

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the barriers and facilitators shaping the development of an intent to leave the nursing profession, from the perspective of Iran's clinical nurses. METHOD The study was completed using qualitative content analysis And included 21 Participants who were clinical nurses with a variety of work experience across a range of clinical posts. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data and data obtained from the interviews were analyzed and interpreted utilizing a content analysis method. RESULTS During data analysis, 2 main themes, 5 categories and 12 subcategories were extracted as follows. Facilitators include: (I) spoiled identity (weak social status and violation of dignity), (II) frustration (feeling subordinate including a lack of appreciation), and (III) experience of hard labor (job stress, hard work and shift work). Inhibitors include: (I) positive management behaviors (rewards and support systems), and (II) being valuable (spiritual satisfaction, the efficient presence and professional capabilities development). CONCLUSION Based on the findings, it can be concluded that managers can prevent nurses from leaving clinical nursing by providing appropriate activities for them and increasing their motivation and satisfaction.OBJETIVO Estudio objetivando determinar obstáculos y facilitadores condicionantes del desarrollo de la intención de abandonar la profesión de enfermería, en la perspectiva de enfermeros clínicos de Irán. MÉTODO Se aplicó análisis cualitativo de contenidos. El estudio incluyó 21 participantes, todos ellos enfermeros clínicos con variada experiencia laboral en el campo de la enfermería clínica. Datos recolectados mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas, posteriormente analizados e interpretados por método de análisis de contenido. RESULTADOS Durante el análisis de datos fueron establecidos 2 temas principales, 5 categorías y 12 sub categorías, a saber. Los facilitadores incluyen: (I) identidad damnificada (status social debilitado y violación de la dignidad), (II) frustración (sentimiento de subordinación incluyendo falta de reconocimiento), y (III) percepción de alta carga laboral (estrés laboral, trabajo duro y turnos de trabajo). Los inhibidores incluyen: (I) comportamientos positivos de gestión (sistemas de recompensas y soporte), y (II) sentirse valorado (satisfacción espiritual, presencia eficiente y desarrollo de capacidades profesionales). CONCLUSIÓN En base a estos hallazgos, puede concluirse en que los gestores pueden prevenir el abandono de la profesión de los enfermeros clínicos brindándoles actividades apropiadas para ellos e incrementando su motivación y satisfacción.OBJETIVO Este estudo teve como objetivo determinar as barreiras e facilitadores que definem o desenvolvimento de uma intenção de abandonar a profissão de enfermagem, sob a perspectiva de enfermeiros clínicos do Irã. MÉTODO O estudo foi realizado através da análise de conteúdo qualitativo e incluiu 21 participantes que eram enfermeiros clínicos com vasta experiência de trabalho em uma variedade de cargos clínicos. A coleta de dados foi realizada através de entrevistas semiestruturadas, e os dados obtidos com as entrevistas foram analisados e interpretados através do método da análise de conteúdo. RESULTADOS Durante a análise dos dados, 2 temas principais, 5 categorias e 12 subcategorias foram obtidos como indicado a seguir. Os facilitadores incluem: (I) identidade debilitada (status social vulnerável e violação da dignidade), (II) frustração (sentimento de subordinação, incluindo falta de reconhecimento) e (III) experiência de trabalho árduo (estresse ocupacional, trabalho árduo e trabalho por turnos). Os inibidores incluem: (I) gestão de comportamentos positivos (recompensas e sistemas de apoio) e (II) ser útil (satisfação espiritual, eficiência e desenvolvimento de habilidades profissionais). CONCLUSÃO Com base nos achados, pode-se concluir que supervisores responsáveis podem impedir os enfermeiros de abandonarem a enfermagem clínica, delegando-lhes atividades pertinentes e aumentando sua motivação e satisfação

Diagnostic Accuracy of Cone Beam Computed Tomography in Identification of Foreign Bodies in the Head and Neck Region

Objectives This study aimed to assess the identification of traumatic foreign bodies in the head and neck region using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).Methods In this study, samples (1×1×0.1 cm) were fabricated from 6 different types of materials commonly found in various head and face traumas. These materials included iron, glass, stone, wood, asphalt, and tooth. They were located in 3 different areas, including the tongue, airway, and vestibule of 3 sheep heads. Ten scans were acquired from these materials embedded in different regions. A total of 180 images were analyzed by 2 observers and rated in terms of visual clarity of the foreign body. The results were analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis test.Results In 100% of images, stone, asphalt, and glass were observed in all 3 areas with high resolution. On the other hand, 100% of images were unclear in all evaluated areas with metal artifacts. Tooth images were found to be excellent in 100% of cases in the muscle and airway regions and 80% of cases in the vestibule region (unclear in 20% of cases). However, wood was not detected in 100% of images from the tongue and vestibule regions. It was not detected on 60% of images from the airway, while it was found on 40% of images with low resolution.Conclusion CBCT detected and located all opaque objects such as iron, glass, stone, asphalt, and tooth. However, it showed limited potential in detecting radiolucent objects such as woo

The Evolutionary Process of Nursing in Iran: Narrative Review

زمینه و هدف: گروه پرستاری یکی از گروه‌های عمده در تیم بهداشتی، درمانی می‌باشد که خدمات آنان بسیار تعیین‌کننده و تأثیرگذار است. حرفه پرستاری حرفه‌ای جدید نبوده، بلکه ریشه در قرون گذشته دارد. می‌خواهیم دوباره به آغاز برگردیم و با مرور کلی تاریخ پرستاری در ایران و با استفاده از واقعیت‌های تاریخی، آموزه‌هایی را برای ارتقای پرستاری معاصر در اختیار گیریم. مواد و روش‌ها: این مطالعه یک مطالعه مروری ـ روایتی می‌باشد که با استفاده از کتب و مقالات چاپ‌شده در زمینه تاریخ پرستاری ایران با جستجو در پایگاه‌های علمی انجام شده است. برای بررسی تحولات پرستاری، از الگو Bryant-Lukosius استفاده شده است که الگویی برای بررسی متون در سیستم‌های بهداشتی می‌باشد. در این مطالعه ابتدا هر دوره تاریخی، معرفی و موارد تاریخی مهم در هر دوره توضیح داده شدند و در نهایت تأثیراتی که این دوره بر مسائل اخیر پرستاری ایران بر جای گذاشته است، مورد بحث و بررسی قرار گرفته شده است. یافته‌ها: بنا به مقتضیات، پرستاری در ایران فراز و نشیب‌های زیادی را پشت سر نهاده است. پرستاری تجربی در ایران با تأثیر از آموزش پرستاری ایالات متحده امریکا و انگلستان به پرستاری آکادمی تبدیل شد. با شروع انقلاب اسلامی و جنگ و افزایش نیاز، فلسفه و مدل‌های آموزشی پرستاری دچار تغییراتی شد. با اتمام جنگ و تأسیس وزارت بهداشت درمان و آموزش پزشکی، سازمان نظام پرستاری و هیأت برد پرستاری زمینه‌های رشد حرفه‌ای‌شدن پرستاری در ایران پایه‌ریزی شد، ولی همچنان مسائل مهمی در پرستاری ایران وجود دارد. نتیجه‌گیری: با توجه به مسائل مطرحی که هم‌اکنون در پرستاری در جریان می‌باشد، باید از تجارب گذشته در جهت پیشرفت و ارتقای کیفیت پرستاری و حرفه‌ای‌شدن پرستاری در ایران استفاده نمود.Background and Aim:&nbsp;The nursing group is one of the major groups in the health and treatment team whose services are very determinative and influential. The profession of nursing is not new, but rooted in the past centuries. We want to go back to the beginning and review the history of nursing in Iran and use historical facts to teach us about the advancement of contemporary nursing. Materials and Methods:&nbsp;This is a Narrative review article that using books and articles published in the field of nursing history in Iran by searching scientific databases. To investigate the evolution in nursing, the Bryant-Lukosius Framework has been used as a framework for reviewing texts in health systems. This framework includes three stages of introduction, implementation and sustainability. In this study, each historical period was first introduced, then major historical items were explained in each course. Finally, the effects of this course on recent issues of Iranian nursing have been discussed. Findings:&nbsp;According to the requirements, Nursing has had many ups and downs in Iran. Experimental nursing in Iran became a nursing academy with the effect of nursing education from the United States and England. With the onset of Islamic revolution and war and increasing need, philosophy and nursing education models were changed. With the end of the war and the establishment of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education, the Nursing Organization and Nursing Board were founded the areas for nursing professionalism in Iran. But there are still major issues in Iranian nursing. Conclusion:&nbsp;Given the issues that are currently in nursing, we must use past experiences to improve nursing quality and nurse professionalism in Iran. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Please cite this article as:&nbsp;ValizadehL, Zamanzadeh V, Ghavi A. The Evolutionary Process of Nursing in Iran: Narrative Review.&nbsp;Med Hist J&nbsp;2018; 10(36): 89-104. Please cite this article as:&nbsp;ValizadehL, Zamanzadeh V, Ghavi A. The Evolutionary Process of Nursing in Iran: Narrative Review.&nbsp;Med Hist J&nbsp;2018; 10(36): 89-104. Please cite this article as:&nbsp;ValizadehL, Zamanzadeh V, Ghavi A. The Evolutionary Process of Nursing in Iran: Narrative Review.&nbsp;Med Hist J&nbsp;2018; 10(36): 89-104

Depression, Anxiety, Stress, and their Associated Factors among Iranian Physical Therapists during COVID-19 Pandemic: An Onlinebased Cross-sectional Survey

Background: Most physiotherapy treatments require direct contact with patients, which could predispose physical therapists to the transmission of infection. The present study aimed to investigate the depression, anxiety, and stress of physical therapists during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.Method: A cross-sectional, web-based survey was applied during the pandemic. The survey was completed by 135 physical therapists working in Iran. The depression-anxiety and stress scale 21 (DASS-21) was used to evaluate their depression, anxiety, and stress statuses. A multiple regression analysis was used to identify the demographic characteristics factors related to depression, anxiety, and stress.Results: The results showed that 43.7%, 43.8%, and 54.8% of physical therapists had severe and very severe levels of depression, anxiety, and stress, respectively. In addition, female physical therapists had higher levels of depression, anxiety, and stress. The level of anxiety was higher in physical therapists working in hospitals and those with more work experience.Conclusion: Our findings indicated that COVID-19 resulted in high levels of depression, anxiety, and stress in Iranian physical therapists. Therefore, the mental health of physical therapists should be regularly monitored, and the proper support and training in coping strategies should be provided for them

The Viability and Pro Apoptotic Effect of Green Tea on Breast Cancer Cell Line (SK-BR-3) and Human Fibroblast Cells (HU-02)

Background and Aim: Breast cancer is one of the most common types of cancers and is the second leading cause of death form of cancer in women. In recent years, many scientific and medical studies have shown that Green tea has anti-proliferative, anti-mutagenic, anti-oxidant, antibacterial and antiviral effects. Some Green tea polyphenols have anti-cancer activity. In the present study, the effect of Green tea extract was evaluated on the Breast cancer cell line (SK-BR-3) and compared with human fibroblast cell line (HU-02). Materials and Methods: SK-BR-3 and HU-02 cell lines were treated for 24, 48 and 72 hours with different concentrations of Green tea (50, 100, 200, 400 and 800 μg/ml). Then, Bioavailability was analyzed by MTT kit and Apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry using an Annexin V-FITS Kit. Results: With increasing concentrations of Green tea extract in dose and time dependent manner, bioavailability of cells showed a decrease as compared to control group. Increased incidence of apoptosis was significantly higher in other experimental groups than the control group, while the concentration of 800 μg/ml of Green tea extract was more effective in SKBR3 cell line. Green tea did not show significant effect in HU-02 cells. Conclusion: Due to the fact that cell proliferation and abnormal apoptosis are one of the main characteristics of cancer cells, Green tea can be used to reduce cell proliferation and increase apoptosis in prevention and treatment of Breast cancer

The Effects of Triggers’ Modifying on Adolescent Self-Efficacy with Asthma: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

Introduction: The management of asthma during adolescence has specific challenges and is likely influenced, to some extent, by the patient's belief in their ability to affect change, their self-efficacy. Bolstering self-efficacy could potentially improve an adolescent’s ability to self-manage their asthma. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of a triggers’ educational-modifying intervention on self-efficacy among adolescents diagnosed with asthma living in Iran. Methods: Sixty adolescents, aged 12 to 18 years, diagnosed with asthma participated in this randomized clinical trial. Participants randomly assigned to the control group received standard care while those assigned to the experimental group participated in a 5 week, nurse led, triggers modifying educational intervention in specialized clinics of lung in Tabriz, Iran. The self-efficacy scale developed by Bursh et al., was used for data collection. Results: The level of self- efficacy in two groups before intervention was not statistically significant, while the post intervention measures were statistically significant. Intervention was effective in improving adolescents’ self-efficacy. Conclusion: Since this type of intervention has the potential to improve Self- efficacy in adolescents with asthma, it is suggested that adolescence directly education about asthma triggers along with modulating triggers will be of value and parent‐centered could be diminished. The need for such interventions emphasizes in clinic and outpatient clinics

Use of poultry pre-cooked slaughterhouse waste as ruminant feed to prevent environmental pollution

The nine samples from each slaughterhouse were pooled and sub-sampled to make three samples per slaughterhouse. Dried PSW samples were ground through a 1 mm screen (Wiley mill, Arthur H. Thomas, Philadelphia, PA), and samples analyzed for amino acids, total nitrogen, fat, ash and organic matter (AOAC, 1990). The CNCPS protein fractions of the PSW was determined according to standardized procedure of Licitra et al. (1996) at the University of Bahonar, Kerman. The B2 fraction was calculated by difference and results are reported as CP percentage. Phosphate buffer soluble nitrogen (PBSN) was determined using the phosphate buffer. Neutral detergent insoluble nitrogen (NDIN) and acid detergent insoluble nitrogen (ADIN) were determined as the nitrogen content of the residual after neutral and acid detergent procedures. The analysis of 11 amino acids i.e. arginine, cysteine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan and valine in three different PSW samples was performed using NIRS, FOSS 5000 Denmark at the Paya Amin Mehr Company (Tehran, Iran).The generation of poultry slaughterhouse waste from poultry production is not only unavoidable but the amount and kinds of waste can cause environmental problems. In the present study, the potential rumen digestion of poultry slaughterhouse waste which consists of protein-rich organic residues was evaluated. The chemical composition, amino acid profile and Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System fractions of these wastes was determined. Rumen digestion of poultry slaughterhouse waste was compared with two common protein sources (fish meal and roasted soybean). Three poultry slaughterhouse waste samples were collected from industrial poultry slaughter-houses and the in situ degradation was done using rumen cannulated sheep. The protein (50e63%), ether extracts (18e27%) and ash (9e15.5%) contents of different poultry slaughterhouse waste samples were different (P < 0.05). Methionine and lysine contents were similar among different poultry slaughterhouse waste sources. Difference were observed for cystine (1.2e1.7%), threonine (1.9e2.2%), arginine (3e3.5%), leucine (3.5e4.1%) and valine (2.8e3.3%) (P < 0.05). Ruminal degradation rate for dry matter, organic matter and protein were different among poultry slaughterhouse waste, fish meal and roasted soybean. The degradation parameter for protein degradation was 76% for poultry slaughterhouse waste, 79% for fish meal and 98% for roasted soybean (P < 0.05). Results revealed that there was great variation in chemical composition, protein fractioning, and amino acid profiles of different poultry slaughterhouse waste sources. Poultry slaughterhouse waste is slowly-degraded protein in the rumen and thus can be an economical and rich source of rumen undegradable protein in ruminant nutrition. This implies that the use of poultry slaughterhouse waste in ruminant nutrition has a huge potential as a cleaner product of animal feeding and prevention environmental pollution. However, further studies are warranted to evaluate the digestibility of poultry slaughterhouse waste amino acids escaping the rumen into the intestine in ruminants and to compare the biological values for the amino acids in these waste material with common ruminant feedstuffs