167 research outputs found
Transport signature of pseudo-Jahn-Teller dynamics in a single-molecule transistor
We calculate the electronic transport through a molecular dimer, in which an
excess electron is delocalized over equivalent monomers, which can be locally
distorted. In this system the Born-Oppenheimer approximation breaks down
resulting in quantum entanglement of the mechanical and electronic motion. We
show that pseudo Jahn-Teller (pJT) dynamics of the molecule gives rise to
conductance peaks that indicate this violation. Their magnitude, sign and
position sharply depend on the electro-mechanical properties of the molecule,
which can be varied in recently developed three-terminal junctions with
mechanical control. The predicted effect depends crucially on the degree of
intramolecular delocalization of the excess electron, a parameter which is also
of fundamental importance in physical chemistry.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figure
Anharmonicity of a Gatemon Qubit with a Few-Mode Josephson Junction
Coherent operation of gate-voltage-controlled hybrid transmon qubits
(gatemons) based on semiconductor nanowires was recently demonstrated. Here we
experimentally investigate the anharmonicity in epitaxial InAs-Al Josephson
junctions, a key parameter for their use as a qubit. Anharmonicity is found to
be reduced by roughly a factor of two compared to conventional metallic
junctions, and dependent on gate voltage. Experimental results are consistent
with a theoretical model, indicating that Josephson coupling is mediated by a
small number of highly transmitting modes in the semiconductor junction
Vibrational detection and control of spin in mixed-valence molecular transistors
We investigate electron transport through a mixed-valence molecular complex
in which an excess electron can tunnel between hetero-valent transition metal
ions, each having a fixed localized spin. We show that in this class of
molecules the interplay of the spins and the vibrational breathing modes of the
ionic ligand-shells allows the total molecular spin to be detected as well as
controlled by nonequilibrium transport. Due to a spin-dependent pseudo
Jahn-Teller effect electronic transitions with different spin values can be
distinguished by their vibronic conductance side peaks, without using an
external magnetic field. Conversely, we show that the spin state of the entire
molecule can also be controlled via the nonequilibrium quantized molecular
vibrations due to a vibration-induced spin-blockade.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figure
Field validation of radar systems for monitoring bird migration
This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Wiley via the DOI in this record.Advances in information technology are increasing the use of radar as a tool to investigate and monitor bird migration movements. We set up a field campaign to compare and validate outputs from different radar systems. Here we compare the pattern of nocturnal bird migration movements recorded by four different radar systems at a site in southern Sweden. Within the range of the weather radar (WR) Ăngelholm, we operated a "BirdScan" (BS) dedicated bird radar, a standard marine radar (MR), and a tracking radar (TR). The measures of nightly migration intensities, provided by three of the radars (WR, BS, MR), corresponded well with respect to the relative seasonal course of migration, while absolute migration intensity agreed reasonably only between WR and BS. Flight directions derived from WR, BS and TR corresponded very well, despite very different sample sizes. Estimated mean ground speeds differed among all four systems. The correspondence among systems was highest under clear sky conditions and at high altitudes. Synthesis and applications. While different radar systems can provide useful information on nocturnal bird migration, they have distinct strengths and weaknesses, and all require supporting data to allow for species level inference. Weather radars continuously detect avian biomass flows across a wide altitude band, making them a useful tool for monitoring and predictive applications at regional to continental scales that do not rely on resolving individuals. BirdScan and marine radar's strengths are in local and low altitude applications, such as collision risks with man-made structures and airport safety, although marine radars should not be trusted for absolute intensities of movement. In quantifying flight behaviour of individuals, TR is the most informative.We acknowledge the support provided by COST â European Cooperation in Science and Technology
through the Action ES1305 âEuropean Network for the Radar Surveillance of Animal Movementâ
(ENRAM) in facilitating this collaboration. The study received financial support from Gyllenstierna
Krapperup Ìs Foundation and the Centre for Animal Movement Research (CAnMove) financed by a
Linnaeus grant (349-2007-8690) from the Swedish Research Council and Lund University
Top-transmon: hybrid superconducting qubit for parity-protected quantum computation
Qubits constructed from uncoupled Majorana fermions are protected from
decoherence, but to perform a quantum computation this topological protection
needs to be broken. Parity-protected quantum computation breaks the protection
in a minimally invasive way, by coupling directly to the fermion parity of the
system --- irrespective of any quasiparticle excitations. Here we propose to
use a superconducting charge qubit in a transmission line resonator (a socalled
transmon) to perform parity-protected rotations and read-out of a topological
(top) qubit. The advantage over an earlier proposal using a flux qubit is that
the coupling can be switched on and off with exponential accuracy, promising a
reduced sensitivity to charge noise.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figure
Charge transport through single molecules, quantum dots, and quantum wires
We review recent progresses in the theoretical description of correlation and
quantum fluctuation phenomena in charge transport through single molecules,
quantum dots, and quantum wires. A variety of physical phenomena is addressed,
relating to co-tunneling, pair-tunneling, adiabatic quantum pumping, charge and
spin fluctuations, and inhomogeneous Luttinger liquids. We review theoretical
many-body methods to treat correlation effects, quantum fluctuations,
nonequilibrium physics, and the time evolution into the stationary state of
complex nanoelectronic systems.Comment: 48 pages, 14 figures, Topical Review for Nanotechnolog
From agricultural benefits to aviation safety: Realizing the potential of continent-wide radar networks
Migratory animals provide a multitude of services and disservicesâwith benefits or costs in the order of billions of dollars annually. Monitoring, quantifying, and forecasting migrations across continents could assist diverse stakeholders in utilizing migrant services, reducing disservices, or mitigating humanâwildlife conflicts. Radars are powerful tools for such monitoring as they can assess directional intensities, such as migration traffic rates, and biomass transported. Currently, however, most radar applications are local or small scale and therefore substantially limited in their ability to address large-scale phenomena. As weather radars are organized into continent-wide networks and also detect âbiological targets,â they could routinely monitor aerial migrations over the relevant spatial scales and over the timescales required for detecting responses to environmental perturbations. To tap these unexploited resources, a concerted effort is needed among diverse fields of expertise and among stakeholders to recognize the value of the existing infrastructure and data beyond weather forecasting
Introduction to topological superconductivity and Majorana fermions
This short review article provides a pedagogical introduction to the rapidly
growing research field of Majorana fermions in topological superconductors. We
first discuss in some details the simplest "toy model" in which Majoranas
appear, namely a one-dimensional tight-binding representation of a p-wave
superconductor, introduced more than ten years ago by Kitaev. We then give a
general introduction to the remarkable properties of Majorana fermions in
condensed matter systems, such as their intrinsically non-local nature and
exotic exchange statistics, and explain why these quasiparticles are suspected
to be especially well suited for low-decoherence quantum information
processing. We also discuss the experimentally promising (and perhaps already
successfully realized) possibility of creating topological superconductors
using semiconductors with strong spin-orbit coupling, proximity-coupled to
standard s-wave superconductors and exposed to a magnetic field. The goal is to
provide an introduction to the subject for experimentalists or theorists who
are new to the field, focusing on the aspects which are most important for
understanding the basic physics. The text should be accessible for readers with
a basic understanding of quantum mechanics and second quantization, and does
not require knowledge of quantum field theory or topological states of matter.Comment: 21 pages, 5 figure
EURADCLIM: the European climatological high-resolution gauge-adjusted radar precipitation dataset
The European climatological high-resolution gauge-adjusted radar precipitation dataset, EURADCLIM, addresses the need for an accurate (sub)daily precipitation product covering 78â% of Europe at a high spatial resolution. A climatological dataset of 1 and 24âh precipitation accumulations on a 2âkm grid is derived for the period 2013 through 2020. The starting point is the European Meteorological Network (EUMETNET) Operational Program on the Exchange of Weather Radar Information (OPERA) gridded radar dataset of 15âmin instantaneous surface rain rates, which is based on data from, on average, 138 ground-based weather radars. First, methods are applied to further remove non-meteorological echoes from these composites by applying two statistical methods and a satellite-based cloud-type mask. Second, the radar composites are merged with the European Climate Assessment & Dataset (ECA&D) with potentially âŒâ7700 rain gauges from National Meteorological and Hydrological Services (NMHSs) in order to substantially improve its quality. Characteristics of the radar, rain gauge and satellite datasets are presented, as well as a detailed account of the applied algorithms. The clutter-removal algorithms are effective while removing few precipitation echoes. The usefulness of EURADCLIM for quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE) is confirmed by comparison against rain gauge accumulations employing scatter density plots, statistical metrics and a spatial verification. These show a strong improvement with respect to the original OPERA product. The potential of EURADCLIM to derive pan-European precipitation climatologies and to evaluate extreme precipitation events is shown. Specific attention is given to the remaining artifacts in and limitations of EURADCLIM. Finally, it is recommended to further improve EURADCLIM by applying algorithms to 3D instead of 2D radar data and by obtaining more rain gauge data for the radarâgauge merging. The EURADCLIM 1 and 24âh precipitation datasets are publicly available at
https://doi.org/10.21944/7ypj-wn68 (Overeem et al., 2022a) and https://doi.org/10.21944/1a54-gg96 (Overeem et al., 2022b).</p
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