A lensing view on the Fundamental Plane

For lensing galaxies, we introduce a formal velocity dispersion σlens, based on enclosed mass and the virial theorem. This is calculated from an ensemble of pixelated lens models, and found to be fairly model-independent. A sample of 18 well-known early-type lensing galaxies and two clusters is found to be consistent with σlens=σobs. Both the early-type lensing galaxies and the clusters can thus be determined as being virialized. In a second step, we calculate the I-band luminosity and the total mass content for the sample of lensing galaxies, which enables us to analyse the mass-to-light relation L∝Mα. We determine α= 0.70 ± 0.08, excluding constant M/L and consistent with previous studies of the Fundamental Plane. Additionally, we verify that this relation does not extrapolate to clusters, which have a much higher M/L. The sample used for this analysis comprises nine lensing galaxies from the Sloan Lens ACS (Advanced Camera for Surveys) Survey and another nine from the CfA-Arizona Space Telescope LEns Survey as well as the lensing clusters ACO 1689 and ACO 266

Sarcopenia and Aging: Skeletal Muscle Fiber Type Composition of the Long-Lived Ames Dwarf Mouse Compared to Its Wild-Type Counterpart

Skeletal muscle fiber type composition has not been studied in the long-lived Ames dwarf mouse when compared to its wild-type counterpart. Hindlimb soleus skeletal muscle from two 3-month old dwarf and two 3-month old wild-type mice was analyzed for muscle fiber size, proportion of type I (slow-twitch) and type II (fast-twitch) muscle fibers, myonuclei content per muscle fiber, and total cross sectional area of the muscle. Results revealed a significant difference in muscle fiber size (t(58)=-9.71,

Young Women’s Perceptions and Narratives of Intergenerational and Transactional Sexual Relationships in Durban, Kwazulu-Natal

Transactional sexual relationships are argued to be a potent driver of the HIV epidemic among young women in South Africa. KwaZulu-Natal bears the heaviest burden of the epidemic. The practice has roots in South Africa’s social and political history of oppression, as well as the tides of post-apartheid globalization. Through a combination of individual interviews and focus groups discussions (FGDs), this study explores 21 young women’s perceptions and narratives of transactional sex from an ‘othered’ perspective. Individual interviews were conducted in the township community of Cato Manor; FGDs were conducted with the assistance of OneVoice South Africa (OVSA) in KwaMashu township. Motivations and dynamics of transactional sexual relationships were found to be incredibly nuanced depending on context, including socioeconomic status and geographical location. Women’s agency and active participation in seeking benefits from transactional sex was highlighted as a key concept in findings. Finally, the ‘othering’ of transactional sex revealed perceptions of the practice in a moralistic lens, closely linked to Zulu culture and dominant discourses on female sexuality and gender

Oscillatory regulation of Hes1: discrete stochastic delay modelling and simulation

Discrete stochastic simulations are a powerful tool for understanding the dynamics of chemical kinetics when there are small-to-moderate numbers of certain molecular species. In this paper we introduce delays into the stochastic simulation algorithm, thus mimicking delays associated with transcription and translation. We then show that this process may well explain more faithfully than continuous deterministic models the observed sustained oscillations in expression levels of hes1 mRNA and Hes1 protein

Networking in the 21st century: The influence of self-esteem on networking behaviors

Networking has been demonstrated as an effective strategy for attaining career success. The present study examined the relationship between self-esteem and media preference for engaging in social networking. The purpose of this study was to examine self-esteem as a predictor of media preferences for engaging in social networking in a work-based content. While networking relationships have the potential to benefit one\u27s social and personal life, the focus of the present study is on developing relationships to build social capital and advance one\u27s career. The findings of this study demonstrate the importance of self-esteem for engaging in social networking activities

Thermometry And Barometry Of Precambrian Orthogneisses And Related Rocks From The Minnesota River Valley, Southwestern Minnesota

Granulite facies metamorphism is reported to have occurred in the Granite Falls-Montivideo area of the Minnesota River Valley and a broader view of the valley is taken to determine the extent of granulite facies metamorphism. Pressures and temperatures of metamorphism were determined using two geothermometers and one geobarometer. Based upon two-feldspar and garnet-biotite thermometers, temperature of metamorphism is approximated at 600 °c. Metamorphic pressures based on the reaction cordierite= garnet+ quartz + sillimanite were probably between 4 and 6 Kbars. Based on barometry and thermometry, it is suggested the Algoman o rogeny (2600 m.y. ago) was at least upper amphibolite and probably marginal to granulite facies, while the basement complexes have undergone granulite facies metamorphism

Strong Gravitational Lensing and the Stellar IMF of Early-type Galaxies

Systematic variations of the IMF in early-type galaxies, and their connection with possible drivers such as velocity dispersion or metallicity, have been much debated in recent years. Strong lensing over galaxy scales combined with photometric and spectroscopic data provides a powerful method to constrain the stellar mass-to-light ratio and hence the functional form of the IMF. We combine photometric and spectroscopic constraints from the latest set of population synthesis models of Charlot & Bruzual, including a varying IMF, with a non-parametric analysis of the lens masses of 18 ETGs from the SLACS survey, with velocity dispersions in the range 200-300 km/s. We find that very bottom-heavy IMFs are excluded. However, the upper limit to the bimodal IMF slope ($\mu \lesssim 2.2$, accounting for a dark matter fraction of 20-30%, where $\mu=1.3$ corresponds to a Kroupa-like IMF) is compatible at the $1\sigma$ level with constraints imposed by gravity-sensitive line strengths. A two-segment power law parameterisation of the IMF (Salpeter-like for high masses) is more constrained ($\Gamma \lesssim 1.5$, where $\Gamma$ is the power index at low masses) but requires a dark matter contribution of $\gtrsim 25\%$ to reconcile the results with a Salpeter IMF. For a standard Milky Way-like IMF to be applicable, a significant dark matter contribution is required within $1R_e$. Our results reveal a large range of allowed IMF slopes, which, when interpreted as intrinsic scatter in the IMF properties of ETGs, could explain the recent results of Smith et al., who find Milky Way-like IMF normalisations in a few massive lensing ETGs.Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRAS, 18 pages, 12 figures, 4 table

Maneuvering Bilingualism: Long-Term English Learners

Long-term English learners (LTELs) are typically described as English learners (ELs) whom have been in a limited English learning program for five or more years and who have yet to be reclassified into the general population of students. For many of these students, their conversational English appears nativelike. However, their academic achievement is generally found to be lower than that of their monolingual peers. While many emergent bilinguals designated the LTEL label struggle academically, language, race, and class contribute to the systemic barriers placed in front of them. With consideration to negative labels and characteristics associated with LTELs, the purpose of this study is to investigate the linguistic choices that contribute the language repertoires of LTEL-labeled students. In doing so, a group of Hispanic/Latinx students at a suburban high school were surveyed within four domains and multiple variances in order to more fully give details to how, when, and why these learners use the languages in their arsenal