This issue is dedicated to the memory of the late Professor GROVER CLEVELAND GRISMORE

A tribute to Grover Cleveland Grismor

Redesain Terminal Penumpang Internasional Bandara Sam Ratulangi Manado. Arsitektur Metabolisme

Bandara Sam Ratulangi Manado merupakan sarana transportasi udara kelas 1B di Kota Manado yang telah melayani penerbangan skala Internasional. Dengan adanya rencana penambahan rute penerbangan langsung ke 7 negara (untuk sementara jalur yang dibuka adalah Singapura, China (charter flight), Kuala Lumpur, dan Davao-Filipina masih direncanakan, Tiongkok yang dibuka pada akhir tahun 2016, dan Australia, Brunai Darussalam yang masih dalam proses perijinan), maka Terminal Internasional di dalam bandara perlu ditingkatkan kapasitas ruang serta fasilitas pendukung di dalam terminal karena kondisi ruang dan fasilitas yang ada sekarang kurang memadai untuk digunakan beberapa tahun mendatang saat rute penerbangan tersebut dibuka. Selain itu, pengembangan terminal Internasional juga dibutuhkan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan para penumpang Internasional dengan baik. Konsep perancangan terminal ini menerapkan tema “Arsitektur Metabolisme” dimana dalam penerapannya diambil dari ilmu biologi yaitu metabolisme tubuh manusia yang saling terhubung satu sama lain dan memberi keuntungan bagi masing-masingnya, namun jika salah satunya rusak, maka sistem tubuh tersebut akan terganggu. Dampak positif yang ditimbulkan dapat berupa : meningkatkan kondisi perdagangan dan perekonomian-bisnis di Sulawesi Utara dengan membuka link ekspor-impor skala global, meningkatkan sektor pariwisata di Sulawesi Utara serta memudahkan penumpang dalam memenuhi kebutuhan dalam terminal

Development of the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease morning symptom diary (COPD-MSD).

BACKGROUND: The morning tends to be the most difficult time of day for many patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) when symptoms can limit one's ability to perform even simple activities. Morning symptoms have been linked to higher levels of work absenteeism, thereby increasing the already substantial economic burden associated with COPD. A validated patient-reported outcome (PRO) instrument designed to capture morning symptoms will allow for a more comprehensive approach to the evaluation of treatment benefit in COPD clinical trials. METHODS: A qualitative interview study was conducted among a sample of symptomatic adults with COPD. Concept elicitation interviews (n = 35) were conducted to identify COPD morning symptoms, followed by cognitive interviews (n = 21) to ensure patient comprehension of the items, instructions and response options of the draft COPD Morning Symptom Diary (COPD-MSD). All interview transcript data were coded using ATLAS.ti software for content analysis. RESULTS: Mean age of the concept elicitation and cognitive interview sample was 65.0 years (±7.5) and 62.3 years (±8.3), respectively. The study sample represented the full range of COPD severity (Global Initiative for Chronic Lung Disease [GOLD] classifications I-IV) and included a mix of racial backgrounds, employment status and educational achievement. During the concept elicitation interviews, the three most frequently reported morning symptoms were shortness of breath (n = 35/35; 100 %), phlegm/mucus (n = 31/35; 88.6 %), and cough (n = 30/35; 85.7 %). A group of clinical and instrument development experts convened to review the concept elicitation data and develop the initial 32-item draft COPD-MSD. Cognitive interviews indicated subjects found the draft COPD-MSD to be comprehensive, clear, and easy to understand. The COPD-MSD underwent minor editorial revisions and streamlining based on cognitive interviews and input from the experts to yield the final 19-item daily diary. CONCLUSIONS: This study supports the content validity of the new COPD-MSD and positions the diary for quantitative psychometric testing

Una propuesta didáctica para la enseñanza de los conceptos estructurantes de discontinuidad de la materia y unión química desde la epistemología y la historia de la ciencia contemporáneas

This didactic proposal is oriented towards the educational problems about the relationship between atomic structure and macroscopic properties that shows matter in the solid, liquid and gas states, using structural concepts of corpuscular nature of the matter and chemical bond. It’s construction is product of a theoretical analysis of antecedents referred to diverse aspects such as: history of chemistry, science epis-temology, constructivism, problem solving didactic model, cognitive psychology and relationships STS, it is presented in a didactic unit made up of seven activities, including the previous knowledge analysis of the students, five teaching-learning activities and a final activity in which the reach of skills is evaluated along the application of the proposal.Esta propuesta didáctica está orientada, mediante el uso de conceptos estructurantes de la naturaleza corpuscular de la materia y del enlace químico, a la enseñanza de la estructura atómica y su relación con las propiedades macroscópicas que presenta la materia en los estados sólido, líquido y gaseoso. Así mismo, su construcción es producto de un análisis teórico de antecedentes referidos a diversos aspectos: historia de la química, epistemología de las ciencias, modelo pedagógico constructivista, modelo didáctico por resolución de problemas, psicología cognitiva y relaciones CTS1. Por su parte, la unidad didáctica está conformada por siete actividades en las que se incluye la comprensión de las ideas previas de los estudiantes, cinco ejercicios de enseñanza-aprendizaje y un examen final para evaluar el alcance de competencias a lo largo de la aplicación del proyecto

Development and validation of the Ulcerative Colitis patient-reported outcomes signs and symptoms (UC-pro/SS) diary

Abstract Background The clinical course of ulcerative colitis (UC) and the effects of treatment are assessed through patient-reported signs and symptoms (S&S), and endoscopic evidence of inflammation. The Ulcerative Colitis Patient-Reported Outcomes Signs and Symptoms (UC-PRO/SS) measure was developed to standardize the quantification of gastrointestinal S&S of UC in clinical trials through direct report from patient ratings. Design The UC-PRO/SS was developed by collecting data from concept elicitation (focus groups, and individual interviews), then refined through a process of cognitive interviews of 57 UC patients. Measurement properties, including item-level statistics, scaling structure, reliability, and validity, were evaluated in an observational, four-week study of adults with mild to severe UC (N = 200). Results Findings from qualitative focus groups and interviews identified nine symptom items covering bowel and abdominal symptoms. The final UC-PRO/SS daily diary includes two scales: Bowel S&S (six items) and Abdominal Symptoms (three items), each scored separately. Each scale showed evidence of adequate reliability (α = 80 and 0.66, respectively); reproducibility (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.81, 0.71) and validity, including moderate-to-high correlations with the Partial Mayo Score (0.79; 0.45) and Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (IBDQ) total score (− 0.70; − 0.61). Scores discriminated by level of disease severity, as defined by the Partial Mayo Score, Patient Global Rating, and Clinician Global Rating (p < 0.0001). Conclusions Results suggest that the UC-PRO/SS is a reliable and valid measure of gastrointestinal symptom severity in UC patients. Additional longitudinal data are needed to evaluate the ability of the UC-PRO/SS scores to detect responsiveness and inform the selection of responder definitions.https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/143869/1/41687_2018_Article_49.pd

Modelo cinemático de un robot móvil implementado con LEGO NXT para un sistema de localización Indoor diseñado en LABVIEW

El estudio de la cinemática de una plataforma móvil establece el desarrollo de modelos matemáticos que permite conocer el comportamiento de las velocidades relacionadas con las características de los motores usados en el móvil. Por lo general, en la gran cantidad de artículos consultados, el proceso de validación de los modelos no son especificados ni detallados pero la importancia de su implementación permitiría conocer su comportamiento real y los errores sistemáticos que están presentes. Este trabajo presenta el proceso de validación del modelo cinemático y odométrico para una plataforma diferencial construida con LEGO NXT que permita la implementación de algoritmos de planificación de rutas y sistemas de navegación en zonas desconocidos dentro de un entorno cerrado, que son necesarios para el desarrollo de un sistema de localización para un sistema multirobot

Subtle changes in the flavour and texture of a drink enhance expectations of satiety

Background: The consumption of liquid calories has been implicated in the development of obesity and weight gain. Energy-containing drinks are often reported to have a weak satiety value: one explanation for this is that because of their fluid texture they are not expected to have much nutritional value. It is important to consider what features of these drinks can be manipulated to enhance their expected satiety value. Two studies investigated the perception of subtle changes in a drink’s viscosity, and the extent to which thick texture and creamy flavour contribute to the generation of satiety expectations. Participants in the first study rated the sensory characteristics of 16 fruit yogurt drinks of increasing viscosity. In study two, a new set of participants evaluated eight versions of the fruit yogurt drink, which varied in thick texture, creamy flavour and energy content, for sensory and hedonic characteristics and satiety expectations. Results: In study one, participants were able to perceive small changes in drink viscosity that were strongly related to the actual viscosity of the drinks. In study two, the thick versions of the drink were expected to be more filling and have a greater expected satiety value, independent of the drink’s actual energy content. A creamy flavour enhanced the extent to which the drink was expected to be filling, but did not affect its expected satiety. Conclusions: These results indicate that subtle manipulations of texture and creamy flavour can increase expectations that a fruit yogurt drink will be filling and suppress hunger, irrespective of the drink’s energy content. A thicker texture enhanced expectations of satiety to a greater extent than a creamier flavour, and may be one way to improve the anticipated satiating value of energy-containing beverages

COMPARISON OF THE LEVELS OF DENTAL FLUOROSIS IN STUDENTS OF TWO MUNICIPALITIES FROM SANTANDER

Objective: To compare the levels of dental fluorosis in students between the 6 and 17 years old in two scholar institutions from two municipalities of Santander.Material and methods: An observational descriptive cross sectional study was done; the universe and the sample were integrated by the totality of scholars of two educational institutions for two municipalities of Santander. Sociodemographic variables, systemic conditions, perception of the teeth appearance, dental decay (COP index) and dental flurosis (Dean and Thysltrup &amp; Fejerskov index) were registered. The statistic analysis implied the calculation of summary measures according to the nature of the variables; by bivariate analysis the municipality was considered like exit variable, for the qualitative variables Chi square and Fisher Exact test was applied and by the quantitative variables t student and Wilcoxon ranks test was used.Results: Three hundred forty and two students were evaluated, 249 subjects came from Oiba and 93 from Cepita. In Oiba, 80.7% subjects and 97.8% from Cepita registered dental fluorosis.Conclusions: Although the prevalence of fluorosis observed in Cepita were superior, the results must be look with discretion based on the differences of age between the two populations.Objetivo: Describir los niveles de fluorosis dental en escolares entre los 6 y 17 años de edad vinculados a dos instituciones educativas de dos municipios de Santander.Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo de corte transversal; el universo y la muestra estuvo integrada por la totalidad de escolares vinculados a dos concentraciones educativas de dos municipios de Santander. Se recolectaron variables sociodemográficas, condiciones sistémicas, percepción de los menores frente a la apariencia de sus dientes, caries dental (índice COP) y la fluorosis dental (índice de Dean e índice de Thysltrup &amp; Fejerskov). El análisis estadístico implicó el cálculo de medidas de resumen según la naturaleza de las variables; para el bivariado se consideró como variable de salida, municipio de residencia y las otras como explicatorias, para las variables cualitativas se aplicó test de Chi2 y Exacto de Fisher y para las cuantitativas prueba t de Student o test de rangos de Wilcoxon.Resultados: Se evaluaron 342 escolares, 249 sujetos procedían de Oiba y 93 de Cepitá. El 80.7% de las personas del primer municipio y el 97.8% del segundo registraron fluorosis dental.Conclusión: Aunque la prevalencia de fluorosis observada en el municipio de Cepitá fue superior a la de Oiba, los resultados deben mirarse con discreción debido a las diferencias de edad entre las poblaciones.[Blanco H, Durán L, Neira LN, Pourgoshtasbi L, Carvajal LC, Concha SC. Comparación de los niveles de fluorosis dental en escolares de dos municipios de Santander. Ustasalud 2008; 7: 108 - 116

Convergence and divergence in the evolution of cat skulls: temporal and spatial patterns of morphological diversity

Background: Studies of biological shape evolution are greatly enhanced when framed in a phylogenetic perspective. Inclusion of fossils amplifies the scope of macroevolutionary research, offers a deep-time perspective on tempo and mode of radiations, and elucidates life-trait changes. We explore the evolution of skull shape in felids (cats) through morphometric analyses of linear variables, phylogenetic comparative methods, and a new cladistic study of saber-toothed cats. Methodology/Principal Findings: A new phylogenetic analysis supports the monophyly of saber-toothed cats (Machairodontinae) exclusive of Felinae and some basal felids, but does not support the monophyly of various sabertoothed tribes and genera. We quantified skull shape variation in 34 extant and 18 extinct species using size-adjusted linear variables. These distinguish taxonomic group membership with high accuracy. Patterns of morphospace occupation are consistent with previous analyses, for example, in showing a size gradient along the primary axis of shape variation and a separation between large and small-medium cats. By combining the new phylogeny with a molecular tree of extant Felinae, we built a chronophylomorphospace (a phylogeny superimposed onto a two-dimensional morphospace through time). The evolutionary history of cats was characterized by two major episodes of morphological divergence, one marking the separation between saber-toothed and modern cats, the other marking the split between large and small-medium cats. Conclusions/Significance: Ancestors of large cats in the ‘Panthera’ lineage tend to occupy, at a much later stage, morphospace regions previously occupied by saber-toothed cats. The latter radiated out into new morphospace regions peripheral to those of extant large cats. The separation between large and small-medium cats was marked by considerable morphologically divergent trajectories early in feline evolution. A chronophylomorphospace has wider applications in reconstructing temporal transitions across two-dimensional trait spaces, can be used in ecophenotypical and functional diversity studies, and may reveal novel patterns of morphospace occupation

Performance of the inFLUenza Patient-Reported Outcome (FLU-PRO) diary in patients with influenza-like illness (ILI)

BACKGROUND: The inFLUenza Patient Reported Outcome (FLU-PRO) measure is a daily diary assessing signs/symptoms of influenza across six body systems: Nose, Throat, Eyes, Chest/Respiratory, Gastrointestinal, Body/Systemic, developed and tested in adults with influenza. OBJECTIVES: This study tested the reliability, validity, and responsiveness of FLU-PRO scores in adults with influenza-like illness (ILI). METHODS: Data from the prospective, observational study used to develop and test the FLU-PRO in influenza virus positive patients were analyzed. Adults (≥18 years) presenting with influenza symptoms in outpatient settings in the US, UK, Mexico, and South America were enrolled, tested for influenza virus, and asked to complete the 37-item draft FLU-PRO daily for up to 14-days. Analyses were performed on data from patients testing negative. Reliability of the final, 32-item FLU-PRO was estimated using Cronbach's alpha (α; Day 1) and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC; 2-day reproducibility). Convergent and known-groups validity were assessed using patient global assessments of influenza severity (PGA). Patient report of return to usual health was used to assess responsiveness (Day 1-7). RESULTS: The analytical sample included 220 ILI patients (mean age = 39.3, 64.1% female, 88.6% white). Sixty-one (28%) were hospitalized at some point in their illness. Internal consistency reliability (α) of FLU-PRO Total score was 0.90 and ranged from 0.72-0.86 for domain scores. Reproducibility (Day 1-2) was 0.64 for Total, ranging from 0.46-0.78 for domain scores. Day 1 FLU-PRO scores correlated (≥0.30) with the PGA (except Gastrointestinal) and were significantly different across PGA severity groups (Total: F = 81.7, p<0.001; subscales: F = 6.9-62.2; p<0.01). Mean score improvements Day 1-7 were significantly greater in patients reporting return to usual health compared with those who did not (p<0.05, Total and subscales, except Gastrointestinal and Eyes). CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest FLU-PRO scores are reliable, valid, and responsive in adults with influenza-like illness